ESA Document - Emits - ESA
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ESA Document - Emits - ESA

ESA Document - Emits - ESA ESA Document - Emits - ESA

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s Physiology Requirements g-loads should be lower than * Mars entry, descent and landing 4.00 g * Mars ascent 4.00 g Habitable volume per crew member in the ascent cabin shall be 1.33 m3 Habitable volume per crew member in the surface habitat shall be Surface habitat shall provide minimum conditions to sustaint best possible living and working conditions including egress Radiation Organ Specific Equivalent dose Limits (BFO) 16.60 16.60 m3 Accute event 0.15 0.15 Sv 30 days 0.25 0.25 Sv Year 0.50 0.50 Sv Career Surface habitat shall provide medical equipment for the crew 1 to 4 1 to 4 Sv Surface habitat atmospheric pressure shall be Surface habitat oxygen percentage in the atmsphere shall be 70.00 Kpa 23.00 % After landing the crew will require at least 7 days to adapt to the new environment Surface habitat shall provide equipment in order to assist the crew reconditioning after landing 7.00 7.00 days 50.00 50.00 Operational Requirements The MEV shall be able to perform the entry descent and landing automatically The MAV shall be able to perform the take off ascent and RvD automatically Crew shall be able to override the automatic control at any time Before take off, the crew wil require 7 days for preparation The crew shall perform EVAs every 2 days during the allocated period 7.00 7.00 days Total EVAs shall be 2.00 7.00 Number of crew members per EVA shall be 2 2.00 Time per EVA 6.00 hours Maximum distance of EVA from MEV Assembly in orbit 1.00 1.00 km The MEV shall be inserted in LEO in only one launch of Energya-like launcher Planetary Protection Requirements Surface habitat is considered as Earth for PP All sample material returned from Mars shall be contained, and containment shall be verified before entering the Earth- Moon system Interface requirements Interfaces between assembly elements shall be kept to a minimum in order to simplify the assembly MEV shall provide interfaces with the THM, allowing the crew to pass from THM to MEV and back Interfaces shall be standarised Propulsion Only chemical storable propellants shall be considered for the MEV (descent and ascent) Table 4-1: Mars Excursion Vehicle high-level requirements HMM Assessment Study Report: CDF-20(A) February 2004 page 250 of 422 One requirement has been modified since the beginning of the study. The design lifetime for the SHM has been extended by one week for contingency situations, namely from 30 days to 37 days. 4.1.2 System design drivers The main design drivers for the MEV are: • Habitability, the SHM has to provide the habitat for a crew of three for 30 days, which leads to a free surface of 20 m 2 and a habitable volume of 16 m 3 . That is, a total pressurised volume of 79 m 3 . • Rendezvous and docking on the surface is not envisaged, therefore the habitat plus the ascent vehicle have to land together, which leads to a large mass for the entry vehicle and configuration problems. • The MEV has to fit into the Energia fairing, diameter of less than 6 metres • EVA and sample collection has to be performed following the planetary protection regulations and recommendations. This leads to the location of the EVA suits and sample

s HMM Assessment Study Report: CDF-20(A) February 2004 page 251 of 422 handling devices in the outside part of the SHM. Further analysis on the planetary protection issues needs to be done. • Power requirements lead to big solar panels, complex to deploy. Fuel cells are envisaged • Direct link with the ground station on Earth is only available during 50 % of the time, and only during 12 % with the TV, therefore a communications relay satellite is required 4.1.3 Mass budget The mass budget is shown in Table 4-2. Total Mass with Margin Mars Excursion Vehicle (kg) 46437 Descent Surface Habitation Module (kg) Module (kg) Mars Ascent Vehicle (kg) Total Mass with Margin 4905 19188 22344 Total Dry Mass with Margin 3443 15846 6410 System Margin Applied 574 2641 1068 Structure 0 2769 863 Thermal Control 1722 612 524 Mechanisms 68 1351 791 DLS 620 0 0 Communications 2 25 19 Data Handling 0 37 21 GNC 204 0 158 Propulsion 254 1338 1168 Power 0 2448 91 Harness 0 1000 180 Lifesupport (Dry) 0 3515 658 Consumables Dry Food 0 76 11 Drinking Water 0 0 51 Hygiene Water 0 0 18 Oxygen 0 0 13 Packaging 0 27 5 Inorganic 0 11 2 Payload 0 110 584 Astronauts 0 0 285 Total Propellant Mass 1463 3227 15834 4.2 Configuration Table 4-2: Mass budget for the MEV The Mars Excursion Vehicle (MEV) is attached to the TV and is the mission element to land on the surface of Mars and takes off after 30 days to rendezvous and dock with the TV. 4.2.1 Requirements and design drivers • The Mars Excursion Vehicle (MEV) is composed of a Descent Module (DM), a Surface Habitation Module (SHM) and the Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV) • The MEV shall provide space for three astronauts

s<br />

Physiology Requirements<br />

g-loads should be lower than<br />

* Mars entry, descent and landing 4.00 g<br />

* Mars ascent 4.00 g<br />

Habitable volume per crew member in the ascent cabin shall be 1.33 m3<br />

Habitable volume per crew member in the surface habitat shall be<br />

Surface habitat shall provide minimum conditions to sustaint best possible living and working conditions including egress<br />

Radiation Organ Specific Equivalent dose Limits (BFO)<br />

16.60 16.60 m3<br />

Accute event 0.15 0.15 Sv<br />

30 days 0.25 0.25 Sv<br />

Year 0.50 0.50 Sv<br />

Career<br />

Surface habitat shall provide medical equipment for the crew<br />

1 to 4 1 to 4 Sv<br />

Surface habitat atmospheric pressure shall be<br />

Surface habitat oxygen percentage in the atmsphere shall be<br />

70.00 Kpa<br />

23.00 %<br />

After landing the crew will require at least 7 days to adapt to the new environment<br />

Surface habitat shall provide equipment in order to assist the crew reconditioning after landing<br />

7.00 7.00 days<br />

50.00<br />

50.00<br />

Operational Requirements<br />

The MEV shall be able to perform the entry descent and landing automatically<br />

The MAV shall be able to perform the take off ascent and RvD automatically<br />

Crew shall be able to override the automatic control at any time<br />

Before take off, the crew wil require 7 days for preparation<br />

The crew shall perform EVAs every 2 days during the allocated period<br />

7.00 7.00 days<br />

Total EVAs shall be 2.00 7.00<br />

Number of crew members per EVA shall be 2 2.00<br />

Time per EVA 6.00 hours<br />

Maximum distance of EVA from MEV<br />

Assembly in orbit<br />

1.00 1.00 km<br />

The MEV shall be inserted in LEO in only one launch of Energya-like launcher<br />

Planetary Protection Requirements<br />

Surface habitat is considered as Earth for PP<br />

All sample material returned from Mars shall be contained, and containment shall be verified before entering the Earth-<br />

Moon system<br />

Interface requirements<br />

Interfaces between assembly elements shall be kept to a minimum in order to simplify the assembly<br />

MEV shall provide interfaces with the THM, allowing the crew to pass from THM to MEV and back<br />

Interfaces shall be standarised<br />

Propulsion<br />

Only chemical storable propellants shall be considered for the MEV (descent and ascent)<br />

Table 4-1: Mars Excursion Vehicle high-level requirements<br />

HMM<br />

Assessment Study<br />

Report: CDF-20(A)<br />

February 2004<br />

page 250 of 422<br />

One requirement has been modified since the beginning of the study. The design lifetime for the<br />

SHM has been extended by one week for contingency situations, namely from 30 days to 37<br />

days.<br />

4.1.2 System design drivers<br />

The main design drivers for the MEV are:<br />

• Habitability, the SHM has to provide the habitat for a crew of three for 30 days, which<br />

leads to a free surface of 20 m 2 and a habitable volume of 16 m 3 . That is, a total<br />

pressurised volume of 79 m 3 .<br />

• Rendezvous and docking on the surface is not envisaged, therefore the habitat plus the<br />

ascent vehicle have to land together, which leads to a large mass for the entry vehicle and<br />

configuration problems.<br />

• The MEV has to fit into the Energia fairing, diameter of less than 6 metres<br />

• EVA and sample collection has to be performed following the planetary protection<br />

regulations and recommendations. This leads to the location of the EVA suits and sample

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