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s © LIQUIFER HMM Assessment Study Report: CDF-20(A) February 2004 page 144 of 422 Figure 3-19: Levels Figure 3-19 shows habitat layout with different levels (dark lines) as from NASA’s Skylab and the new Transhab. The second part shows an inner cylindrical core with a habitable surface of the outer surface of the inner cylindrical core. The third also consists of an inner core for all technical infrastructure but orientates the habitable space along the axis of the hatches and connectors towards the other modules. Figure summarizes the possibilities for orientation. Long missions require more complex spaces are required to keep the crew healthy and productive, so the best option seems to be the mixed one (right diagram) because it implies a great variety in the space perception. This option also requires a distinct orientation so that orientation is easy and not confusing when floating through the modules. Figure 3-20: Orientation options © LIQUIFER
s HMM Assessment Study Report: CDF-20(A) February 2004 page 145 of 422 Finally a one-module fail-safe with hard shell and a mixture of Skylab- and ISS-orientation was chosen. 3.3.1.3 Other design drivers The following elements also have an impact on the design: • 1/5 of the volume has to be dedicated to ducts and pipes • Easy access to all ducts and pipes for maintenance is required, a well designed system and structure supports easy maintenance • If reasons all systems (LSS, AOCS, etc.) should be modular, e.g. made out of plugand-play parts, so that in case a part fails in one place the astronaut can put it into another place • There shall be avoidance provisions for the following: • Toxicity • Fire/explosion • Contamination • Other biological hazards • Enough fire detectors and isolation and recovery systems should be provided to enhance the safety of the crew 3.3.1.4 Interior configuration The development of the baseline design for the THM included an extensive research and analysis of built and operated space stations. Before the final baseline design four main steps including nine different configuration options were developed. These were followed by a detailed design for different interior layouts for the three main zones: the private, the personal and the social zone. Figure 3-21 shows the selected showing the selected baseline design for the THM:
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s HMM Assessment Study Report: CDF-
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s STUDY TEAM HMM Assessment Study R
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s T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S HMM
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s L I S T O F F I G U R E S HMM Ass
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s L I S T O F T A B L E S HMM Asses
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s 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background HMM
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s 2 GENERAL ARCHITECTURE 2.1 Study
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s 2.2.4.2 Accelerations HMM Assessm
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s 2.2.4.4 Temperature and relative
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s Figure 2-10: Trajectory Overview
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s 2.4.3.5 TEI and planetary protect
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s Mars Excursion Vehicle Transfer H
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s 2.7.5.1 Mission elements dry mass
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s 2.7.5.8 MEV release The MEV is re
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s Total mission time (days) 1200 10
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s stack 9 Propellant mass of the ne
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s The core supporting structure has
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s 2.7.7.1.3 Mars excursion module S
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s 2.7.7.1.4 Earth return capsule HM
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s Mission Phase Description Event s
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s Mission Phase Description Event s
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s 2.7.10 Mission performance Table
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s Days on Martian surface 450 400 3
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s Maximum manoeuvre duration 6 mont
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s % of loss from baseline 20 18 16
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s 2.7.15 Sensitivity analysis HMM A
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s 2.7.15.4 Influence of the mass of
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Page 93 and 94: s Parameters used: • No Shuttle
Page 95 and 96: s 2.8.3.3 Launch 3- Front node Figu
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Page 109 and 110: s 2.10.1.4 Communications HMM Asses
Page 113 and 114: s 2.10.2.2.2 LEO assembly HMM Asses
Page 117 and 118: s Basic RF link Four 70-m Ka-band s
Page 125 and 126: s 3 TRANSFER VEHICLE 3.1 Systems…
Page 127 and 128: s Operational Requirements It shall
Page 129 and 130: s Trans Mars Injection Module Mars
Page 131 and 132: s Figure 3-2: Parallel configuratio
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Page 135 and 136: s Front Node 3.2.3.1.3 EVA systems
Page 137 and 138: s Trans Mars Injection (three stage
Page 139 and 140: s Figure 3-16: Recommendations for
Page 141 and 142: s Factors to be considered Impacts
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Page 149 and 150: s Figure 3-24: Baseline design back
Page 151 and 152: s Figure 3-26: Baseline design priv
Page 153 and 154: s Module part 3............= 0 m 3
Page 155 and 156: s 3.3.2.1 Requirements and design d
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Page 177 and 178: s flux [W/m2] 250 200 150 100 50 0
Page 179 and 180: s Figure 3-38: Power required to ma
Page 185 and 186: s 3.3.4.3 Assumptions and trade-off
Page 187 and 188: s 3.3.4.3.3 Power conditioning and
Page 189 and 190: s 3.3.5 AOCS HMM Assessment Study R
Page 193 and 194: s Configuration Length (m) Total ma
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s 3.3.5.5 ACS for TMI 1 st HMM Asse
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s 3.3.6.2 Baseline design HMM Asses
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s 5 Reduce 2dB pointing precision t
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s 70-m antenna 70-m antenna 3.3.7.5
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s Angular separation SEM > 10º SEM
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s Figure 3-63: Communications MEV/M
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s Element 1: Transfer Habitation Mo
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s Radiation Shielding Shielding Req
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s The propulsion system and its cha
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s Item Nr. Mass [kg] Margin [%] Mas
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s 3.4.4 Mechanisms HMM Assessment S
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s 4 MARS EXCURSION VEHICLE 4.1 Syst
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s Figure 4-2: Option 2: Vertical co
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s 4.3 Surface habitation module Fig
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s Figure 4-11: Section through the
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s 4.3.1.5.3 Top level Figure 4-20:
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s Schedule in hours for the most ac
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s 4.3.3.6 Waste production HMM Asse
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s Figure 4-26: Total pressure vs. O
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s ECLS system mass: Figure 4-27: Ma
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s Figure 4-28: Mars albedo (L), ars
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s sun flux (W/m2) 450 400 350 300 2
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s Insulation structure (external) F
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s cryocooler heat lift [W] cryocool
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s • a duty cycle value (duration
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s Figure 4-48: MAV Power Inputs HMM
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s 4.3.5.4.2 Power storage HMM Asses
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s Figure 4-52: Regenerative Fuel Ce
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s Figure 4-54: Solar irradiance on
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s 450.00 400.00 350.00 300.00 250.0
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s 4.3.6.1 Budgets HMM Assessment St
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s Surface Surface Container MAV Con
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s 4.3.9.3 Baseline design 4.3.9.3.1
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s Bio-Lock Masses: Core Samples No.
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s Figure 4-72: Entry Velocity (L) a
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s 2 3.9 233 923.1 347 923 12.3 352
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s Figure 4-85: Communications MEV/M
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s 4.4.5.3.2 GNC equipment HMM Asses
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s 4.4.5.4 Control laws generation H
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s Finally, the Figure 4-97 shown th
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s velocity (m/sec) altitude (km) 50
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s 4.5 Mars Ascent Vehicle 4.5.1 Tra
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s Term Value Unit Radius of equator
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s 4.5.2.1 Requirements and design d
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s Inclination (deg) 47.5 47 46.5 46
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s 4.5.3 Structures HMM Assessment S
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s 4.5.5 Thermal HMM Assessment Stud
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s 4.5.5.3 Baseline thermal design H
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s Crew Ingress/Egress Hatch: HMM As
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s Element 3: Mars Ascent Vehicle HM
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s 4.5.7.5 Budgets Characteristic Va
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s PER DAY PER MISSION DRINKING WATE
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s 5 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS HMM Assessm
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s 6 APPENDIX A - MARTIAN SURFACE NU
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s Figure 6-1: Example of buried rea
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s 7 APPENDIX B - REFERENCES [RD1] C
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s [RD26] IES2, Phase A0: Final Repo
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s [RD85] Mars Transportation Enviro
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s 8 APPENDIX C - ACRONYMS AAA Avion
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s MLI Multi-Layer Insulation MMH Mo
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