ESA Document - Emits - ESA

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HMM
Assessment Study
Report: CDF-20(A)
February 2004
page 108 of 422
• Higher robustness level required than with today’s satellites (e.g. higher number of
sensors, fuzzy logic connection between sensors, distributed intelligence connected by a
net)
• Redundancy switching on lowest level (intelligent units required with self analysis
capability) Active management of redundancy restoration on higher level
• Out of limit checks also on-board
• On-board capacity to repair
• On-board capacity to patch software
• Tools (e.g. simulators) required on-board (capacity for off-line testing required)
• Ground – orbit cooperation to fix things despite long ground feedback time
• More robust systems may make use of advanced technologies such as:
• Intelligent sensors
• Fuzzy logic
• Artificial sensors (on the basis of intrinsic redundancies)
• Intelligent consistency checks (on the basis of intrinsic redundancies)
• Intelligent fault tolerance and recovery to enable for early warning/reconfiguration and
optimum use of on-board systems
• Optimisation of processes may make use of:
• Adaptive control
• Data fusion
2.10.1.3 Ground operations features
The following ground features have been considered:
• 24-hour-manned (small core team) monitoring of Martian TV and MEV
• On-call availability of full operational team
• Engineering capacity and real mock up on ground (requirement to track all configuration
changes and actions on-board and to implement them on ground, increases down traffic
for astronaut TCs)
• Operations processes to be updated to reflect manned safety
• Long feedback loops for deep-space limit the ground operation activities to planning off
line monitoring and support
• Cooperation with crew for tasks requiring short feedback
• Continuous training of crew
• High degree of crew autonomy requires concept to track actions of crew
• Ground control would have to keep track of the changes and still keep an inventory of
items and their state of usability
Concerning crew communication, the following shall be implemented:
• Crew to be enabled for email communications and internet access for personal, private,
health, religion and work-related interests
• On-board personal server to be available to the crew on-board that mirrors internet sites
of personal interest to be available to the crew
• E.g. a scientist working in his field of expertise. A three-year mission disrupts astronaut
from contact to Earth scientific community. Astronauts should be able to contact and
work with the Earth community via email and internet. High uplink rate expected. Safe
firewall required