Primary Retinal Detachment

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12 1 The History of <strong>Retinal</strong> <strong>Detachment</strong> Surgery Fig. 1.4. Harvey Lincoff. (Reproduced with permission; Wilkinson CP, Rice TA (1997) Michels retinal detachment, 2nd edn. Mosby St. Louis MO. pp 241–333 [10]) many years and are the standard for scleral buckles. However, another material that was used for scleral buckles proved problematic. A form of hydrogel, co-poly (methylacrylate-2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (MAI) (Miragel) can undergo microstructural change of the architecture of the porous material when left in place for 5 years or more and require removal [109]. MAI can swell, fragment and cause a granulomatous foreign body reaction. A patient can develop irritation, disturbance of ocular motility, an extraocular mass and rarely intrusion of the buckle through the sclera. It has been necessary to remove many MAI scleral buckles.
Post-Gonin Era 13 Vitreous Surgery Von Graefe and Deutschmann were the first clinicians to advocate cutting vitreous and/or retina in order to treat retinal detachment; however, they did not cut vitreous gel, but mainly cut vitreous membranes with a knife [17, 110]. Von Hippel in 1915 cut a vitreous membrane and successfully treated a tractional retinal detachment [111]. The first modern intraocular instruments, made specifically for cutting vitreal membranes, were developed in the second half of the twentieth century. Neubauer in 1963 described intravitreal scissors that were activated by finger pressure [112, 113]. Cibis in 1965 devised a tissue cutter that consisted of a hook and a trephine [114]. Kasner in 1962 was the first to advocate open-sky vitrectomy to remove vitreous gel for the treatment of eye diseases [115–118]. Kasner engaged the vitreous with cellulose sponges and cut it with scissors. He proved that the eye can tolerate the removal of the vitreous gel. Stimulated by the pioneering work of Kasner, Robert Machemer initiated and developed closed vitreous surgery (Fig. 1.5) [119–121]. He and Parel developed instruments that could, through the pars plana, suction and cut vitreous and infuse replacement fluid all in one single probe [122]. His original instrument was called the VISC (Vitreous Infusion Suction Cutter). Machemer performed the first pars plana vitrectomy in April 1970 and first published the technique in 1971 [119]. In a remarkable series of publications from 1971–1976, Machemer and coworkers described the original instrumentation and technique, initial indications and results, new instrumentation, and expanded indications, techniques (such as bimanual dissection techniques and relaxing retinectomy), and results [123–134]. Independently, Peyman et al. reported their experience with vitrectomy in 1971 [135]. The next step in the development of the instrumentation was reduction of the diameter of the probes by separation of the infusion, the endo-illumination, and cutting/aspiration probes. The Ocutome system was introduced by O’Malley and Heintz in 1975 [136]. Another milestone in vitreous surgery was improvement in the operating microscope.
Page 2 and 3: Ingrid Kreissig (Ed.) Primary Retin
Page 4 and 5: Professor Dr. med. Ingrid Kreissig
Page 6 and 7: Contents 1 The History of Retinal D
Page 8 and 9: List of Contributors Gary W. Abrams
Page 10 and 11: List of Contributors XI Hermann D.
Page 12 and 13: 2 Helmholz in 1850 made an accurate
Page 14 and 15: 4 (vitreous, gelatin) into the ante
Page 16 and 17: 6 with scleral resection that set t
Page 18 and 19: 8 ditis [72-74].Temperatures up to
Page 20 and 21: 10 1 The History of Retinal Detachm
Page 26 and 27: 16 ion [147]. Perfluorocarbon liqui
Page 36 and 37: 26 2 Prophylaxis in Fellow Eye of P
Page 42 and 43: 32 found that eyes with pre-existin
Page 46 and 47: 36 3 Encircling Operation with Drai
Page 64 and 65: Chapter 4 Pneumatic Retinopexy for
Page 66 and 67: Technique 57 Case Selection Proper
Page 68 and 69: Technique 59 Table 4.1. Gas charact
Page 70 and 71: Technique 61 solution; however,thes
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Technique 63 gas reflux. Following
Page 74 and 75:
Complications: Prevention and Manag
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New Possibilities 67 ing on type an
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Results 69 Table 4.7 (continued) Au
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Discussion 71 surgical failures. Fa
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Discussion 73 Disadvantages of PR A
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References 75 situations, then to p
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References 77 24. Tornambe PE, Hilt
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References 79 51. Pournaras CJ, Don
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Chapter 5 Vitrectomy for the Primar
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Indications 83 Table 5.1. Indicatio
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Indications 85 Fig. 5.2. The vitreo
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Surgical Technique 87 vitrectomy an
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Outcomes 89 will be visible under a
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Outcomes 91 almost no persistent su
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References 93 7. Heimann H, Bornfel
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96 6 Minimal Segmental Buckling Wit
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98 6 Minimal Segmental Buckling Wit
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100 the operating table with the re
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102 6 Minimal Segmental Buckling Wi
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106 a b 6 Minimal Segmental Bucklin
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114 a 6 Minimal Segmental Buckling
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122 c d 6 Minimal Segmental Bucklin
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124 c Fig. 6.14c 6 Minimal Segmenta
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Table 6.1. Preoperative characteris
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Table 6.3. Final attachment after m
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130 Choroidals In 4 of the 1,462 de
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Table 6.4. Visual acuity at 2 years
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140 Probably, the future question n
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146 7 Pharmacological Approaches to
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152 heparin was published in eyes u
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154 search for compounds with hepar
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Chapter 8 Systematic Review of Effi
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Materials and Methods 163 Table 8.2
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Discussion 165 30% 25% 20% 15% 10%
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Discussion 167 Fig. 8.2. The small
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Conclusion 169 vitrectomy and searc
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References 171 8. Brazitikos PD, D
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References 173 34. Gunduz K, Gunalp
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References 175 63. Schepens CL (195
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178 9 Repair of Primary Retinal Det
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180 a b Fig. 9.3a,b. Legend see pag
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186 a b 9 Repair of Primary Retinal
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188 might eliminate traction on the
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Chapter 10 Retinal Detachment Repai
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Retinal Detachment Repair: Outlook
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References 207 It is impossible to
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210 C Campbell 7 case selection 57,
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212 M Machemer 13 macular - complic
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214 retinal - detachment - - bilate
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