Primary Retinal Detachment

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158 7 Pharmacological Approaches to Improve Surgical Outcomes 30. Scott IU, Flynn HW Jr, Murray TG, Feuer WJ (2003) Perfluoron study group. Outcomes of surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy using perfluoro-n-octane: a multicenter study. Am J Ophthalmol 136:454–463 31. Blumenkranz MS, Claflin A, Hajek AS (1984) Selection of therapeutic agents for intraocular proliferative disease: cell culture evaluation. Arch Ophthalmol 102:598–604 32. Blumenkranz MS, Hartzer MK, Hajek AS (1987) Selection of therapeutic agents for intraocular proliferative disease. II. Differing antiproliferative activity of the fluoropyrimidines. Arch Ophthalmol 105:396–399 33. Williams RG, Chang S, Comaratta M, Simoni G (1996) Does the presence of heparin and dexamethasone in the vitrectomy infusate reduce reproliferation in proliferative vitreoretinopathy? Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 234: 496–503 34. Peyman GA, Cheema R, Conway MD, Fang T (2000) Triamcinolone acetonide as an aid to visualization of the vitreous and the posterior hyaloid during pars plana vitrectomy. Retina 20:554–555 35. Barrada A, Peyman GA, Case J, Fishman G, Thomas A, Fiscella R (1984) Evaluation of intravitreal 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, VP16, doxorubicin, and thiotepa in primate eyes. Ophthalmic Surg 15:767–769 36. Berger AS, Cheng CK, Pearson A, Ashton P, Crooks P, Cynkowski T, Cynkowska G, Jaffe GJ (1996) Intravitreal sustained release corticosteroid-5-fluorouracil conjugate in the treatment of experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 37:2318– 2325 37. Rubsamen PE, Davis P, Hernandez E, O’Grady G, Cousins SW (1994) Prevention of experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy with a biodegradable intravitreal implant for the sustained release of fluorouracil. Arch Ophthalmol 112: 407–413 38. Stern WH, Guerin CJ, Erickson PA, Lewis GP, Anderson DH, and Fisher SK (1983) Ocular toxicity of fluorouracil after vitrectomy.Am J Ophthalmol 96: 43–51 39. Hartzer MK, Blumenkranz MS, Hajek AS, Dailey WD, Cheng M, Margherio AS (1989) Selection of therapeutic agents for the treatment of intraocular proliferative disease. Part 3. Effects of fluoropyrimidines on cell-mediated contraction. Exp Eye Res 48:321–328 40. Berger AS, Cheng CK, Pearson A, Ashton P, Crooks P, Cynkowski T, Cynkowska G, Jaffe GJ (1996) Intravitreal sustained release cortico-
References 159 steroid-5-fluorouracil conjugate in the treatment of experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 37:2318–2325 41. Perkins SL, Galemore R, Yang CH, Guo H, Ashton P, Jaffe GJ (2000) Pharmacokinetics of the flucinolone/5-fluorouracil codrug in the gasfilled eye. Retina 20:514–519 42. Asaria RH, Kon CH, Bunce C, Charteris D,Wong D, Khaw P,Aylward G (2001) Adjuvant 5-fluorouracil and heparin prevents proliferative vitreoretinopathy: results from a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Ophthalmology 108:1179–1183 43. Wiedemann P, Leinung C, Hilgers RD, Heimann K (1991) Daunomycin and silicone oil for the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 229:150–152 44. Campochiaro PA,Hackett SF,Conway BP (1991) Retinoic acid promotes density-dependent growth arrest in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 32:65–72 45. Mandava N, Blackburn P, Paul D, Wilson M, Read S, Alspaugh E, Tritz R, Barber J, Robbins J, Kruse C (2002) Ribozyme to proliferating cell nuclear antigen to treat proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 43:3338–3348 46. Van Bockxmeer FM, Martin CE, Thompson DE, Constable IJ (1985) Taxol for the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 26: 1140–1147 47. Lemor M, Yeo JH, Slater B (1986) Oral colchicine for the treatment of experimental retinal detachment. Arch Ophthalmol 104:1226–1229 48. Blumenkranz M, Hartzer M, Iverson D (1992) An overview of potential applications of heparin in vitreoretinal surgery. Retina 12[Suppl]: S71–S74 49. Bratt G, Tornebohm E, Lockner D, Bergstrom K (1985) A human pharmacological study comparing conventional heparin and a low molecular weight heparin fragment. Thromb Haemost 53:208–211 50. Iverson DA, Katsura H, Hartzer MK, Blumenkranz MS (1991) Inhibition of intraocular fibrin formation following infusion of lowmolecular weight heparin during vitrectomy.Arch Ophthalmol Vis Sci 109:405–409 51. Chapman C, Iverson D, Hartzer M, Minelli E, and Blumenkranz M (1992) The effect of low molecular weight heparin on proliferative vitreoretinopathy induced in the rabbit eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 33[Suppl]:818
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Ingrid Kreissig (Ed.) Primary Retin
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Professor Dr. med. Ingrid Kreissig
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Contents 1 The History of Retinal D
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List of Contributors Gary W. Abrams
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List of Contributors XI Hermann D.
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2 Helmholz in 1850 made an accurate
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4 (vitreous, gelatin) into the ante
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6 with scleral resection that set t
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8 ditis [72-74].Temperatures up to
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10 1 The History of Retinal Detachm
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16 ion [147]. Perfluorocarbon liqui
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26 2 Prophylaxis in Fellow Eye of P
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32 found that eyes with pre-existin
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36 3 Encircling Operation with Drai
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Chapter 4 Pneumatic Retinopexy for
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Technique 57 Case Selection Proper
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Technique 59 Table 4.1. Gas charact
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Technique 61 solution; however,thes
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Technique 63 gas reflux. Following
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Complications: Prevention and Manag
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New Possibilities 67 ing on type an
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Results 69 Table 4.7 (continued) Au
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Discussion 71 surgical failures. Fa
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Discussion 73 Disadvantages of PR A
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References 75 situations, then to p
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References 77 24. Tornambe PE, Hilt
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References 79 51. Pournaras CJ, Don
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Chapter 5 Vitrectomy for the Primar
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Indications 83 Table 5.1. Indicatio
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Indications 85 Fig. 5.2. The vitreo
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Surgical Technique 87 vitrectomy an
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Outcomes 89 will be visible under a
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Outcomes 91 almost no persistent su
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References 93 7. Heimann H, Bornfel
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96 6 Minimal Segmental Buckling Wit
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98 6 Minimal Segmental Buckling Wit
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100 the operating table with the re
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102 6 Minimal Segmental Buckling Wi
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104 6 Minimal Segmental Buckling Wi
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106 a b 6 Minimal Segmental Bucklin
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Page 122 and 123: 114 a 6 Minimal Segmental Buckling
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Page 130 and 131: 122 c d 6 Minimal Segmental Bucklin
Page 132 and 133: 124 c Fig. 6.14c 6 Minimal Segmenta
Page 134 and 135: Table 6.1. Preoperative characteris
Page 136 and 137: Table 6.3. Final attachment after m
Page 138 and 139: 130 Choroidals In 4 of the 1,462 de
Page 140 and 141: Table 6.4. Visual acuity at 2 years
Page 148 and 149: 140 Probably, the future question n
Page 154 and 155: 146 7 Pharmacological Approaches to
Page 160 and 161: 152 heparin was published in eyes u
Page 162 and 163: 154 search for compounds with hepar
Page 168 and 169: Chapter 8 Systematic Review of Effi
Page 170 and 171: Materials and Methods 163 Table 8.2
Page 172 and 173: Discussion 165 30% 25% 20% 15% 10%
Page 174 and 175: Discussion 167 Fig. 8.2. The small
Page 176 and 177: Conclusion 169 vitrectomy and searc
Page 178 and 179: References 171 8. Brazitikos PD, D
Page 180 and 181: References 173 34. Gunduz K, Gunalp
Page 182 and 183: References 175 63. Schepens CL (195
Page 184 and 185: 178 9 Repair of Primary Retinal Det
Page 186 and 187: 180 a b Fig. 9.3a,b. Legend see pag
Page 192 and 193: 186 a b 9 Repair of Primary Retinal
Page 194 and 195: 188 might eliminate traction on the
Page 198 and 199: Chapter 10 Retinal Detachment Repai
Page 200 and 201: Retinal Detachment Repair: Outlook
Page 212 and 213: References 207 It is impossible to
Page 214 and 215: 210 C Campbell 7 case selection 57,
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212 M Machemer 13 macular - complic
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214 retinal - detachment - - bilate
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