Desmids from Thailand and Malaysia

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Contr. biol. Lab. Kyoto Univ., Vol. 28. pp. 1-98, Pls. 1-51 Issued 25 March 1992 Desmids from Thailand and Malaysia Minoru HiRANo ABSTRACT To increase our level of knowledge on a desmid flora of Southeast Asia, the present paper reports 663 taxa of 27 genera on the basis of collections from Thailand and Malaysia. The collections include 16 new taxa (i.e., eight new species, seven new varieties and one new form), and 99 "tropical" taxa. A few noticeable taxa and specimens are also discussed in terms of geography, taxonomy and morphology. KEYWORDS DesmidfFloralMalaysialThailand Introduction The first knowledge on the desmid flora of Thailand was given by W. & G. S. West (1901) based upon the material from Koh Chang, a small island on the Gulf of Siam. Since then I have published two papers on the desmid flora of this geographical area based upon the material collected by Dr. Gentaro Imadate (now Tokyo Medical and Dental University), a former member of the "Joint Thai-Japanese Biological Expedition to Southeast Asia 1961- 62" (Hirano, 1967), and by Dr. Motoharu Okamura, A former member of the "Kochi Uni- versity Expedition 1970" (Hirano, 1975). The samples of the latter were collected from Lake Boraphet (Bung Boraphet) in the central plain of Thailand. The desmid fiora of the adjacent areas were also published by several algologists: Sumatra, Java and Bali in Indonesia (Krieger, 1932); South Borneo (Kalimantan), Sumatra and Java in Indonesia (Scott & Prescott, 1961); Cambodia (Hirano, 1972). The samples from Cambodia were collected by Dr. Masao Ohno in 1969 (the "Kochi Univ. Exped. 1969"). Those last several years, I have examined the algal samples from Thailand and the Malay Peninsula (including a few samples from Malaysia) hold in my possession. The sources are as follows: 66). 1) Dr. Kitagawa's collection from Thailand (9 stations; see List of stations in 1965- These samples were collected by Dr. Naofumi Kitagawa, of Nara University of Educa- tion, Nara, who was a member of the "Kyoto University Biological Expedition to Thailand and Malaysia in 1965-66". The desmid species I have detected from this collection are rather limited. 2) Hirano's collection from Thailand and Malaysia (45 stations; see List of stations in 1967). These samples were collected by myself when I was a member of the "Kyoto University Biological Expedition to Thailand and Malaysia in 1967", which was conducted by a guid- ance of the Royal Forest Department of Thailand. The stations surveyed covered both mainland and the Malay Peninsula of Thailand and a part of Malaysia. A total of 663 taxa of desmids have been identified in my samples examined of Thailand Malaysia. Among them 318 taxa should be added to the previous knowledge of the desmid
2 M. HIRANO flora reported from this geographical area. New species, varieties and forms which will be described in the present paper are as follows: Pleurotaenium annuloides sp. nov., Pl. ehrenbergii f. distinctum f. nov., Pl. trabecula var. thailandicum var. nov., Tetmemorus brebissonii var. ansatiformis var. nov., Cosmarium amoeboides sp. nov., C. ellipticum sp. nov., C. thailandicum sp. nov., Euastrum ansatum var. undulatum .var. nov., E. bilobum var. thailandicum var. nov., E. exile var. Iatum var. nov., E. intermedium var. rotundatum var. nov., Micrasterias radians var. siamense var. nov., M. rotata var. curvata var. nov., Arthrodesmus thaitandictts sp. nov., Xanthidium multispi- num sp. nov., Staurastrum archeri var. curvatum var. nov., St. praenii var. major var. nov., St. pachyrhynchiforme sp. nov. Krieger (1932) reported 23 genera and 380 species of desmids from Indonesia. Scott & Prescott (1961) also reported 24 genera and 525 species from Indonesia including South Bor- neo. My present paper (Hirano, 1990) contains 27 genera and 663 species from Thailand and Malaysia. A comparison of the number of desmid species reported from these two geographical areas in Southwest Asia seems to be interesting (see Table 1). From the data of the three papers mentioned above, it is clear that not a few genera and species are distributed both in Indonesia and Thailand (and Malaysia). Judging from my latest data which will be reported in the present paper (Hirano, 1990), 25 genera and more than 189 species are considered to be distributed both in these two geographical areas (about 939o of genera and over 359o of species known from these areas). Krieger (1932) proposed the presence of the characteristic desmid flora in the tropical zone of Southeast Asia and Australia, i. e., the "Indo-Malayan & Northern-Australian area". The northern demarcation line of the area may attain to Thailand and the Malay Peninsula; its southern demarcation line seems to be the northern Australia. The following 99 taxa detected in my samples from Thailand and Malaysia are tropical species according to Krieger's (op. cit.) classification mentioned above. They are as follows: Pleurotaenium granultferum, Ichthycercus longispinus, I. angolense, Cosmarium cuneatum, C. javanicum, C. askenasyi var. tatum, C. bengalense, C. otus var. ornatum, C. perpastum, Euastrum didelta var. bengalicum, E. exile, E. e. var. Iatum var. nov., E. serra- tum, E. horikawae, E. indicum var. capitatum, E. tongicolle var. capitatum, Micrasteritzs ano- mala, M. cunningtoni, M. rotata var. curvata var. nov., M. Iux, M. suboblonga var. tecta, M. moebii var. burmense, Xanthidium burkillii var. alternans, X. spinosum, X. sexmamillatum var. pulneyense, X. multispinosum sp. nov., Arthrodesmtts spiculatus, A. convergens var. cur- ttLs, A. curvatus var. borgei, A. c. var. katimantanus, A. c. var. IattLs, A. gibberutus, A. such- lanii, A. sumatranus, Staurastrum asterias, St. gibbum, St. burkillii, St. calyxoides var. orien- tale, St. cerastes var. coronatum, St. c. var. pulchrum, St. ceylanicum, St. clepsydra var. obtu- sum, St. columbetoides, St. contectum, St. corniculatum var. variabile, St. Ieptopus var. variabile, St. Ieptodermum var. ikapoae, St. indentatum var. minus, St. inconspicuum var. crassum, St. javanicum var. apiculiferum, St. horametrum, St. hexacerum f. pentagona, St. heimerianum var. sumatranum, St. gracile var. ornatum, St. g. f. kriegeri, St. g. var. elonga- tum, St. freemanii var. triquetrum, St. f. var. nudiceps, St. ensiferum, St. dentatum, St. pyg- maeum var. obtLLsum, St. saltans var. polycerax, St. s. var. sumatratum, St. sebatdi var. ven- triverrucosum, St. sexangulare var. asperum, St. s. var. attenuatum, St. s. var. bidentatum, St.
Page 4 and 5: Desmids from Thailand and Malaysia
Page 6 and 7: 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.
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Page 10 and 11: Desmials from Thailand and Malaysia
Page 14 and 15: f.10-12. Desmicts from Thaitand and
Page 20 and 21: 22b. var. rectissimum W. & G.S.West
Page 28 and 29: Scott & Prescott 1961, 56, Pl.31, f
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Page 32 and 33: 47a. var. schmidlei Gr6nblad & Scot
Page 36 and 37: 70a. var. sitvense Gutw. Desmicts f
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Page 48 and 49: Krieger & Gerloff 1965, Gatt. Cosm.
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Desmicts from Thailand and Malaysia
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19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. Desmi(ts fr
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Desmials from Thailand and Malaysia
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Desmids from Thailand and Malaysia
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4a. var. alternans Skuja 5. 6. 7. 8
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15. 16. L 2. 3. Desmids from Thaila
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Desmitts from Thailand and Malaysia
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3. 1. 1. 2. 3. Desmids from Thailan
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EXPLANATION OF FIGURES PIatel , 1.
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