Role of Intestinal Microbiota in Ulcerative Colitis

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Table 1 continues Eubacterium rectale Eu‐rec_1F aag gga agc aac gct gtg aa 200 [4] Eu‐rec_2R Cgg tta ggt cac tgg ctt c Akkermansia muciniphila AM1 cag cac gtg aag gtg ggg ac 327 [8] AM2 cct tgc ggt tgg ctt cag at Bifidobacterium bifidum BiBIF‐1 cca cat gat cgc atg tga ttg 278 [41] BiBIF‐2 ccg aag gct tgc tcc caa a Bifidobacterium adolescentis BiADO‐1 ctc cag ttg gat gca tgt c 279 [41] Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum/ Bifidobacterium catenulatum BiADO‐2 cga agg ctt gct ccc agt BiCATg‐1 cgg atg ctc cga ctc ct 289 [41] BiCATg‐2 cga agg ctt gct ccc gat *The HDA and TBA primer were used as total bacteria DNA targets in order to normalize, hence correcting differences in total DNA concentration between individual samples. 16
Table 2 ‐ Preference of bacterial phylum/group/species to colonize mucosal over the luminal compartment, expressed as ratio of the relative quantities in the mucosal and luminal compartment (%) Ratios (%) b Log (average) Healthy subjects UC remission UC relapse 100.36 (±1.23) 100.46 (±1.64) 99.85 (±0.89) 96.33 (±8.43) 83.81 (±5.12)* 82.39 (±3.35)* 102.62 (±13.35) 83.75 (±4.22)* 93.91 (±4.97) 88.47 (±10.94) 74.10 (±11.74) 66.81 (±10.73)* 108.01 (±7.70) 137.83 (±12.28)# 146.06 (±41.24) 128.02 (±11.17)# 149.25 (±15.99)* 104.60 (±9.57) 94.70 (±8.85) 81.32 (±2.77)** 68.59 (±7.64)* 99.98 (±2.84) 106.52 (±9.69) 94.36 (±7.57) 98.44 (±2.87) 112.93 (±9.33) 86.17 (±4.66)# 65.05 (17.58) 68.12 (±11.76)* 71.91 (±8.47)* a Bacterial taxa Lumen Mucus Firmicutes 7.70 (±0.07) 7.71 (±0.03) • Clostridium leptum subgroup 6.27 (±0.30) 5.41 (±0.21) o Faecalibacterium prausnitzii 5.08 (±0.34) 4.61 (±0.26) • Clostridium coccoides group 5.53 (±0.33) 4.29 (±0.29) o Roseburia spp. 3.39 (±0.24) 4.31 (±0.47) o Eubacterium rectal 2.55 (±0.21) 3.21 (±0.28) • Lactobacillus spp. 6.39 (±0.40) 5.20 (±0.40) Bacteroidetes 5.65 (±0.23) 5.58 (±0.15) • Bacteroides spp. 5.46 (±0.24) 5.33 (±0.19) • Alistipes spp. 4.62 (±0.21) 3.22 (±0.37) Actinobacteria 17 86.17 (±2.24)** 91.24 (±1.53)** 94.60 (±3.12) 6.67 (±0.18) 7.35 (±0.11) 73.86 (±7.58)# 100.69 (±5.15) 90.82 (±5.05) 3.99 (±0.55) 4.48 (±0.55) • Bifidobacterium spp. o B. bifidum 58.66 (±22.92)* 78.43 (±1.88)** 85.99 (±6.14) 4.65 (±0.27) 5.43 (±0.47) o B. adolescentis 94.60 (±15.00) 79.79 (±3.55)* 101.27 (±4.68) 4.54 (±0.45) 5.31 (±0.55) o B. pseudocatenulatum Proteobacteria 92.74 (±3.89) 101.22 (±4.53) 101.19 (±1.75) 3.49 (±0.23) 3.56 (±0.24) • Desulfovibrio spp. Verrucomicrobia 69.81 (±10.46) 73.49 (±10.30) 71.03 (±15.02) 2.48 (±0.38) 3.68 (±0.36) • Akkermansia muciniphila a Logarithmic average of relative quantities for healthy subjects and UC patients from luminal or mucosal bacteria levels. b Ratios (%) calculated as 100*mucosal samples/luminal samples, hence below 100%, low adherence capacity to mucus and above 100%, high adherence capacity to mucus. B. pseudocatenulatum is both B. catenulatum and B. pseudocatenulatum Asterisks (*) indicate significant differences between mucosal and luminal samples (*P
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Role of Intestinal Microbiota in Ul
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Role of Intestinal Microbiota in Ul
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Preface Preface This thesis present
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Summary Summary The microbiota of t
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Dansk sammendrag Dansk sammendrag M
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Introduction and objectives Introdu
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List of Manuscripts Not included in
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List of contents List of Centents P
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List of Centents Methodology append
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1. The intestinal environment Theor
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Theoretical part 5 1. The intestina
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2. The colonic environment Theoreti
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Theoretical part 9 2. The colonic e
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Table 1: The presence of glycoside
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Theoretical part Figure 3: The colo
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3. Inflammatory Bowel disease Theor
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Theoretical part 17 3. Inflammatory
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Theoretical part 19 4. Modulation o
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Table 4: Clinical trials on the pre
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Theoretical part 5. Production of p
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Methodology part
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Page 60 and 61: Introduction Methodology part 42 Pa
Page 62 and 63: Abstract Background Detailed knowle
Page 64 and 65: depending the level of disease acti
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Page 68 and 69: Statistics PCA were generated by SA
Page 70 and 71: The PCA of the Gram‐positive bact
Page 72 and 73: layer of UC patients and found that
Page 74 and 75: Acknowledgements The authors thank
Page 76 and 77: Table 2 ‐ 16S rRNA gene and 16S
Page 78 and 79: 1. Firmicutes phylum 2. Bacteroidet
Page 80 and 81: Supplementary Figure S1. Dice clust
Page 82 and 83: Reference List 1. Ahmed S, Macfarla
Page 84 and 85: 32. Matsuki T, Watanabe K, Fujimoto
Page 87 and 88: Methodology part Paper 2 Fecal lact
Page 89 and 90: Fecal lactobacilli and bifidobacter
Page 91 and 92: Introduction The mucus layer lining
Page 93 and 94: efore enrolment and there was no si
Page 95 and 96: (Bio‐Rad Labs, Hercules, Californ
Page 97 and 98: Microbial community analysis using
Page 99 and 100: difference from the luminal microbi
Page 101 and 102: that C. coccoides group and C. lept
Page 103: Table 1 ‐ 16S rRNA gene of phylum
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Page 109 and 110: A. B. Figure 3. Principal component
Page 111 and 112: 15. Fooks LJ, Gibson GR. (2002) In
Page 113 and 114: 47. Ouwehand AC, Suomalainen T, Tol
Page 115 and 116: Methodology part Paper 3 Paper 3 In
Page 117 and 118: APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOL
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Process Biochemistry 46 (2011) 1039
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Table 1 List of enzymes. Enzyme Sou
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J. Holck et al. / Process Biochemis
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Intensity 50 0 C1 175.05 J. Holck e
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J. Holck et al. / Process Biochemis
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[29] Bauer S, Vasu P, Persson S, Mo
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Methodology part 150
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Methodology part 152 Appendix 1 hor
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Appendix 3 Methodology part Appendi
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Methodology part 156 Appendix 3
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7. Discussion and perspectives Disc
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Discussion and conclusion 161 7. Di
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References References Abreu,M.T., V
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References Derrien,M., Vaughan,E.E.
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References Haarman,M. and Knol,J. (
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References Lantz,P.G., Matsson,M.,
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References Matsuki,T., Watanabe,K.,
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References Pullan,R.D., Thomas,G.A.
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References Tannock,G.W. (2010). Ana
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National Food Institute Technical U
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Role of Intestinal Microbiota in Ulcerative Colitis

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