Minerals Report - International Seabed Authority
Minerals Report - International Seabed Authority Minerals Report - International Seabed Authority
In accordance with De Beers’ overall asset management philosophy, continuous productivity improvement is an important focus of teams involved in offshore operations. In addition to research and development to enhance the actual performance of mining tools, a stringent approach to asset management has been specifically developed for the marine operations. The aim of this programme is to maximise time utilised in physically mining. The objective is to safely operate the mining systems in the operational areas for periods of two years (or more) between downtime for scheduled in-port maintenance, with refuelling performed at sea to further reduce time off station. Currently, the Debmar Pacific with 1027 days holds the record for a vessel remaining at sea. Engineering availability for the drill ship fleet was 93% for 1999, having been maintained at 88% in the two preceding years. Approximately 78 to 79% of time at sea is spent with the mining tool engaged in full operational mining mode. This high performance level has been achieved through the focused application of engineering expertise to devise effective planned maintenance. Innovation during introduction of successive drill ships has also enhanced performance by enabling safe mining operation in swells of around 6 m (a reasonably common occurrence on this high-energy coast) in order to minimise downtime due to adverse weather. The NOSA Sea Safe audit team rates the entire DBM fleet of vessels annually, and all vessels have been awarded the top 5 star rating. Approximately 120 Namibians are currently employed by DBM. Most of these work at sea on the production vessels. Given the size and power consumption of the vessels used for deep-water mining, the training period for deck and engineering officers is extensive. DBM vessels are flagged in South Africa and they are operated according to the legal requirements of the Department of Transport. In addition to the course work involved, it takes approximately 11 years for a person leaving school to qualify for a Master’s certificate. DBM has numerous capacity building initiatives underway in Namibia. These include programmes to improve maths and science education at school level to produce a larger talent pool for development. This is one of a number of strategies aligned to the company’s long-term outlook for the offshore mining industry in Namibia. DBM is also actively involved in promoting technical development in the natural sciences to produce students with appropriate qualifications to become involved in Engineering, Mineral resource management and INTERNATIONAL SEABED AUTHORITY 592
Environmental management. Some examples of these initiatives are discussed in part II of this case study. New challenges for mineral resource management Mineral resource management is striving to innovatively meet the many challenges presented by offshore diamond exploration and mining. With continued experience and more in-depth knowledge about the behaviour of mining systems in different types of ore bodies, mining engineers, design engineers and metallurgists are able to request more specific, quantitative data to aid them in their quest to support the future development of the industry. The accuracy of the geological model is proving to be an important aspect in the testing of new mining systems, which places significant emphasis on the geotechnical characterisation of the ore body to allow mineability to be accurately predicted ahead of mining. Detailed information of this type is also fundamentally important for ore dressing studies to allow treatment and recovery plant design to be optimised to meet the demanding conditions presented by the offshore mining environment. Consequently, geologists are becoming increasingly involved in the reconstruction of seafloor conditions for full-scale and model testing of mining system prototypes and concepts. This is proving to be both challenging and stimulating, as it adds another dimension to the work being addressed by mineral resource management teams. It also emphasises the criticality of mineral resource management to the future development of the offshore mining industry. With these stringent requirements for accurate information, the development of geological and associated models required by colleagues in many different functions is being transformed into a process of continuous learning, with new insights being provided almost on a daily basis. There is little doubt that the move to increasingly quantitative ore body models will bring with it new challenges, both in terms of the technology available to acquire the correct data and in terms of the ability to interpret this data correctly for the design and testing of advanced mining and recovery systems. These demands are unlikely to be met without open collaboration across entire multi-disciplinary teams involved in projects aided by highquality feedback from operationally based staff directly involved in the mining process. Such feedback loops are essential for continuous learning and the long-term development of the offshore diamond mining industry, which is still in its infancy. INTERNATIONAL SEABED AUTHORITY 593
- Page 550 and 551: deposits can be commercial, even in
- Page 552 and 553: at a catastrophic scale. Some of th
- Page 554 and 555: Figure 8. Development of hydrate re
- Page 556 and 557: This is perhaps due to the percepti
- Page 558 and 559: would provide Japan with methane fo
- Page 560 and 561: NOTES AND REFERENCES 1. E.D. Sloan
- Page 562 and 563: 20. R.F. Meyer (1981), Speculation
- Page 564 and 565: Master Workshop on Gas Hydrates: Re
- Page 566 and 567: 60. M.D. Max and M.J. Cruickshank (
- Page 568 and 569: is that their exploitation might re
- Page 570 and 571: further pointed out that even if on
- Page 572 and 573: Dr. Desa also informed participants
- Page 574 and 575: thickness of the sediments, the thi
- Page 576 and 577: pressure at sea level leads to hydr
- Page 578 and 579: aware of any studies of natural ear
- Page 580 and 581: CHAPTER 15 A CASE STUDY IN THE DEVE
- Page 582 and 583: NAMIBIA L W OR CT BOTSWANA SOUTH AF
- Page 584 and 585: The Orange River, one of Africa’s
- Page 586 and 587: formation of a large accretion coar
- Page 588 and 589: The deep-water ore body more closel
- Page 590 and 591: 4. The mineral resource management
- Page 592 and 593: deployed on a MacArtney FOCUS 400 R
- Page 594 and 595: Utilising Jago has made very detail
- Page 596 and 597: Although at first glance the nature
- Page 598 and 599: to levels capable of sustaining sea
- Page 602 and 603: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank my many co
- Page 604 and 605: 16. I.B. Corbett (1989), The sedime
- Page 606 and 607: SUMMARY OF PRESENTATION AND DISCUSS
- Page 608 and 609: eroded during regression and transg
- Page 610 and 611: diamond mining business. Dr. Corbet
- Page 612 and 613: technological step, Dr. Corbett sug
- Page 614 and 615: and Ore Reserves (JORC). He also sa
- Page 616 and 617: With another slide, Dr. Corbett sho
- Page 618 and 619: of De Beers’ deepwater operation
- Page 620 and 621: system that allows other functions
- Page 622 and 623: CHAPTER 16 A CASE STUDY IN THE DEVE
- Page 624 and 625: change through heat transport and c
- Page 626 and 627: Main sites of oxygen minimum Flow o
- Page 628 and 629: • Undertake necessary mitigatory
- Page 630 and 631: State, by such spilling or pollutio
- Page 632 and 633: including diamonds, from non-fluore
- Page 634 and 635: agreements require that government
- Page 636 and 637: including current velocities, oxyge
- Page 638 and 639: ackground levels and confined to a
- Page 640 and 641: Sonar equipment used on some DBM ve
- Page 642 and 643: advocated this approach for environ
- Page 644 and 645: local geology, sedimentology and mi
- Page 646 and 647: Levene’s test could also be used
- Page 648 and 649: unquestionably be alarming, and the
In accordance with De Beers’ overall asset management<br />
philosophy, continuous productivity improvement is an important focus<br />
of teams involved in offshore operations. In addition to research and<br />
development to enhance the actual performance of mining tools, a<br />
stringent approach to asset management has been specifically developed<br />
for the marine operations. The aim of this programme is to maximise time<br />
utilised in physically mining. The objective is to safely operate the mining<br />
systems in the operational areas for periods of two years (or more)<br />
between downtime for scheduled in-port maintenance, with refuelling<br />
performed at sea to further reduce time off station. Currently, the Debmar<br />
Pacific with 1027 days holds the record for a vessel remaining at sea.<br />
Engineering availability for the drill ship fleet was 93% for 1999, having<br />
been maintained at 88% in the two preceding years. Approximately 78 to<br />
79% of time at sea is spent with the mining tool engaged in full operational<br />
mining mode. This high performance level has been achieved through the<br />
focused application of engineering expertise to devise effective planned<br />
maintenance. Innovation during introduction of successive drill ships has<br />
also enhanced performance by enabling safe mining operation in swells of<br />
around 6 m (a reasonably common occurrence on this high-energy coast)<br />
in order to minimise downtime due to adverse weather. The NOSA Sea<br />
Safe audit team rates the entire DBM fleet of vessels annually, and all<br />
vessels have been awarded the top 5 star rating.<br />
Approximately 120 Namibians are currently employed by DBM.<br />
Most of these work at sea on the production vessels. Given the size and<br />
power consumption of the vessels used for deep-water mining, the<br />
training period for deck and engineering officers is extensive. DBM<br />
vessels are flagged in South Africa and they are operated according to the<br />
legal requirements of the Department of Transport. In addition to the<br />
course work involved, it takes approximately 11 years for a person leaving<br />
school to qualify for a Master’s certificate. DBM has numerous capacity<br />
building initiatives underway in Namibia. These include programmes to<br />
improve maths and science education at school level to produce a larger<br />
talent pool for development. This is one of a number of strategies aligned<br />
to the company’s long-term outlook for the offshore mining industry in<br />
Namibia.<br />
DBM is also actively involved in promoting technical development<br />
in the natural sciences to produce students with appropriate qualifications<br />
to become involved in Engineering, Mineral resource management and<br />
INTERNATIONAL SEABED AUTHORITY 592