Minerals Report - International Seabed Authority
Minerals Report - International Seabed Authority Minerals Report - International Seabed Authority
Master Workshop on Gas Hydrates: Relevance to world margin stability and climatic change, Tutorial book, (September 18 -20, Gent, Belgium), 156 -165. 39. M .W. Lee et. Al. (1993), Method of estimating the amount of in situ gas hydrates in deep marine sediments, Marine and Petroleum Geology, 10(5)' 493-506. 40. K.A. Kvenvolden (1998), A primer on the geological occurrences of gas hydrate, In: J - P. Henriet and, J. Mienert (Editors,) Gas Hydrates: Relevance of World Margins Stability and Climatic Change, Geological Society; London, Special Publications, 137, 9-30. 41. N. Pimenov et al. (1999), Microbial processes of carbon cycle as the base of food chain of Hokon Mosby Mud Volcano benthic community, Geo-Marine Letters, 19, 89-96. 42. R. Sassen et. al. (1999), Geology and geochemistry of gas hydrate, Central Gulf of Mexico continental slope, Gulf Coast Association Geological Society Transaction, XLIX, 462-468. 43. M. Schoell (1988), Multiple origin of methane in earth, Chemical Geology, 71, 1-10. 44. A. Mangini et. al. (1990), Response of manganese in the ocean to the climate cycle in the Quaternary, Paleoceanography, 5, 811-821. 45. V. V. Malakov et. al. (1992), On relation of Pogonophorans genus Siboglinum to zones of high methane concentration, Doklady Akademii Nauk, 325, 195-197. 46. O. V. Levchenko and L. V. Merklin (2000), High resolution shallow seismoacoustics; Intra-sedimentary features associated with gas charged sediments" Abstract volume, Indo-Russian ILTP Workshop on Gas Hydrates, 13-15 March, 2000, New Delhi, 17-18. 47. M.D. Max and P.R. Miles (1999), Marine survey for gas hydrate, In: Proceedings Offshore Technology Conference, 3-6 May 1999, Houston, Texas, Paper OTC# 10769, 1-12. 48. T. Yuan et. al. (1998), Marine gas hydrate: Seismic observations of bottom-simulating reflectors off the west coast of Canada and the east coast of India, Geohorizons, March 1998, 5-16. INTERNATIONAL SEABED AUTHORITY 556
49. I.A. Pecher et. al. (1996), Velocity structure of a bottom simulating reflector offshore Peru: Results from full waveform inversion, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 139, 459-469. 50. J. J. Miller, M.W. Lee and R.V. Huene (1991), An Analysis of a Seismic Reflection from the Base of a Gas hydrate Zone, Offshore Peru, Bulletin American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 75(5), 910- 924. 51. T. Yuan et. al. (1996), Seismic velocity increase and deep-sea gas hydrate concentration above a bottom-simulating reflector on the northern Cascadia continental slope, Journal of Geophysical Research, 101 (B6), 13655-13671. 52. M.W. Lee et. al. (1996), Seismic velocity for hydrate bearing sediments using weighted equations, Journal of Geophysical Research, 101 (B9), 20347 -20358. 53. K. Andreassen, P.E. Hart and A. Grantz (1995), Seismic studies of a bottom simulating reflection related to gas hydrate beneath the continental margin of the Beaufort sea, Journal of Geophysical Research, 100(B7), 12659-12673. 54. S.C. Singh, T.A. Minshull and G.D. Spence (1993), Velocity structure of a gas hydrate reflector, Science, 260, 204-207. ... 55. M. Schmitt et. al. (1991), Extraction of methane from seawater using ultrasonic vacuum degassing, Analytical Chemistry, 53, 529-532. 56. M. Hoveland et. al. (1987), Methane related carbonate cements in pockmarks of North Sea, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 57, 881- 892. 57. A.C. Grant et. al. (1986), PISCES IV Research submersible finds oil in Baffin Shelf, Current Research Part A, Geological Survey of Canada, 86-1A, 65-69. 58. R. Matsumoto (1990), Vuggy carbonate crust formed by hydrocarbon seepage on the continental shelf off Baffin Island, North East Canada, Geochemical Journal, 24, 143-158. 59. R.J. Parkes et. al. (1994), A deep bacterial biosphere in Pacific Ocean sediments, Nature, 371, 410-413. INTERNATIONAL SEABED AUTHORITY 557
- Page 514 and 515: In other regions of the world, enco
- Page 516 and 517: REFERENCES 1. L.G. Weeks (1971), Ma
- Page 518 and 519: SUMMARY OF PRESENTATION AND DISCUSS
- Page 520 and 521: Dr. Vysotsky said that estimates of
- Page 522 and 523: In Southeast Asia, Dr. Vysotsky spo
- Page 524 and 525: Philippines, and possibly Brazil. W
- Page 526 and 527: and we shall encounter severe deple
- Page 528 and 529: In the 1960's scientists discovered
- Page 530 and 531: Figure 2. Worldwide locations of kn
- Page 532 and 533: methane by bacteria in an anoxic en
- Page 534 and 535: It has been assumed that the struct
- Page 536 and 537: identification of gas hydrate in ma
- Page 538 and 539: ottom simulating reflections (BSR)
- Page 540 and 541: Figure 6: Interpretative plot of hy
- Page 542 and 543: floor have indicated the presence o
- Page 544 and 545: of free gas below the BSR is usuall
- Page 546 and 547: sediment and to provide an indicati
- Page 548 and 549: 6. Harvesting methane hydrates -Som
- Page 550 and 551: deposits can be commercial, even in
- Page 552 and 553: at a catastrophic scale. Some of th
- Page 554 and 555: Figure 8. Development of hydrate re
- Page 556 and 557: This is perhaps due to the percepti
- Page 558 and 559: would provide Japan with methane fo
- Page 560 and 561: NOTES AND REFERENCES 1. E.D. Sloan
- Page 562 and 563: 20. R.F. Meyer (1981), Speculation
- Page 566 and 567: 60. M.D. Max and M.J. Cruickshank (
- Page 568 and 569: is that their exploitation might re
- Page 570 and 571: further pointed out that even if on
- Page 572 and 573: Dr. Desa also informed participants
- Page 574 and 575: thickness of the sediments, the thi
- Page 576 and 577: pressure at sea level leads to hydr
- Page 578 and 579: aware of any studies of natural ear
- Page 580 and 581: CHAPTER 15 A CASE STUDY IN THE DEVE
- Page 582 and 583: NAMIBIA L W OR CT BOTSWANA SOUTH AF
- Page 584 and 585: The Orange River, one of Africa’s
- Page 586 and 587: formation of a large accretion coar
- Page 588 and 589: The deep-water ore body more closel
- Page 590 and 591: 4. The mineral resource management
- Page 592 and 593: deployed on a MacArtney FOCUS 400 R
- Page 594 and 595: Utilising Jago has made very detail
- Page 596 and 597: Although at first glance the nature
- Page 598 and 599: to levels capable of sustaining sea
- Page 600 and 601: In accordance with De Beers’ over
- Page 602 and 603: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank my many co
- Page 604 and 605: 16. I.B. Corbett (1989), The sedime
- Page 606 and 607: SUMMARY OF PRESENTATION AND DISCUSS
- Page 608 and 609: eroded during regression and transg
- Page 610 and 611: diamond mining business. Dr. Corbet
- Page 612 and 613: technological step, Dr. Corbett sug
49. I.A. Pecher et. al. (1996), Velocity structure of a bottom simulating<br />
reflector offshore Peru: Results from full waveform inversion, Earth<br />
and Planetary Science Letters, 139, 459-469.<br />
50. J. J. Miller, M.W. Lee and R.V. Huene (1991), An Analysis of a Seismic<br />
Reflection from the Base of a Gas hydrate Zone, Offshore Peru,<br />
Bulletin American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 75(5), 910-<br />
924.<br />
51. T. Yuan et. al. (1996), Seismic velocity increase and deep-sea gas<br />
hydrate concentration above a bottom-simulating reflector on the<br />
northern Cascadia continental slope, Journal of Geophysical Research,<br />
101 (B6), 13655-13671.<br />
52. M.W. Lee et. al. (1996), Seismic velocity for hydrate bearing sediments<br />
using weighted equations, Journal of Geophysical Research, 101 (B9),<br />
20347 -20358.<br />
53. K. Andreassen, P.E. Hart and A. Grantz (1995), Seismic studies of a<br />
bottom simulating reflection related to gas hydrate beneath the<br />
continental margin of the Beaufort sea, Journal of Geophysical<br />
Research, 100(B7), 12659-12673.<br />
54. S.C. Singh, T.A. Minshull and G.D. Spence (1993), Velocity structure<br />
of a gas hydrate reflector, Science, 260, 204-207. ...<br />
55. M. Schmitt et. al. (1991), Extraction of methane from seawater using<br />
ultrasonic vacuum degassing, Analytical Chemistry, 53, 529-532.<br />
56. M. Hoveland et. al. (1987), Methane related carbonate cements in<br />
pockmarks of North Sea, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 57, 881-<br />
892.<br />
57. A.C. Grant et. al. (1986), PISCES IV Research submersible finds oil in<br />
Baffin Shelf, Current Research Part A, Geological Survey of Canada,<br />
86-1A, 65-69.<br />
58. R. Matsumoto (1990), Vuggy carbonate crust formed by hydrocarbon<br />
seepage on the continental shelf off Baffin Island, North East Canada,<br />
Geochemical Journal, 24, 143-158.<br />
59. R.J. Parkes et. al. (1994), A deep bacterial biosphere in Pacific Ocean<br />
sediments, Nature, 371, 410-413.<br />
INTERNATIONAL SEABED AUTHORITY 557
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