Minerals Report - International Seabed Authority
Minerals Report - International Seabed Authority Minerals Report - International Seabed Authority
29. T. Moritani and S. Nakao (eds.), (1981), Deep sea mineral resources investigation in the western part of the central Pacific basin (GH78-1 cruise), Geological Survey of Japan Cruise Report 17, 281 pp. 30. A. Usui and M. Someya (6) 31. J.K. Kang (1987), Mineralogy and internal structures of a ferromanganese crust from a seamount, central Pacific, Journal Oceanographical Society of Korea, 22, 168-178. J.R. Hein, J. -K. Kang et al. (1990), Geological, geochemical, geophysical, and oceanographic data and interpretations of seamounts and Co-rich ferromanganese crusts from the Marshall Islands, KORDI-USGS R.V. Farnella Cruise F10-89- CP, U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 90-407, 246 pp. 32 F.T. Manheim and C.M. Lane-Bostwick (1989), Chemical composition of ferromanganese crusts in the world ocean: A review and comprehensive database, U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 89- 020, 200 pp. 33. J.R. Hein et al. (1) 34. J.R. Hein et al. (1) 35. C. Pichocki and M. Hoffert (1987), Characteristics of Co-rich ferromanganese nodules and crusts sampled in French Polynesia, Marine Geology, 77, 109-119. 36. J.R. Hein et al. (1992), Variations in the fine-scale composition of a central Pacific ferromanganese crust: Paleoceanographic implications, Paleoceanography, 7, 63-77. 37. J.R. Hein et al. (1) 38. J.R. Hein et al. (7) INTERNATIONAL SEABED AUTHORITY 240
39. T. Yamazaki, et al. (1990), Fundamental study on remote sensing of engineering properties of cobalt rich manganese crusts, in Proceedings, Ninth International Conference of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, M.M. Salama et al. (eds.), The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Book, No. 10296E, 605-610. Y. Tomishima et al. (1990), Fundamental studies on in-situ measurement of engineering characteristics of cobalt rich manganese crusts by mechanical means, Proceedings Techno-Ocean '90 International Symposium, Kobe, Japan, 579- 586. 40. D.A. Larson et al. (1987), Physical properties and mechanical cutting characteristics of cobalt-rich manganese crusts, Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation RI-9128, 35 pp. 41. A.I. Svininnikov (1994), Physical properties of rocks and sediments from Karin Ridge (Central Equatorial Pacific) and the Bering Sea, In Data and results from R.V. Aleksandr Vinogradov cruises 91-AV-19/1, north Pacific hydrochemistry transect; 91-AV-19/2, north equatorial Pacific Karin Ridge Fe-Mn crust studies; and 91-AV-19/4, northwest Pacific and Bering Sea sediment geochemistry and paleoceanographic studies, J.R. Hein, A.S. Bychkov and A.E. Gibbs (eds.). U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 94-230, 103-118. 42. Y. Tomishima et al. (39) 43. M.F. Stashchuk et al. (1994), Adsorption properties of ferromanganese crusts and nodules, In Data and results from R.V. Aleksandr Vinogradov cruises 91-AV-19/1, north Pacific hydrochemistry transect; 91-AV-19/2, north equatorial Pacific Karin Ridge Fe-Mn crust studies; and 91-AV- 19/4, northwest Pacific and Bering Sea sediment geochemistry and paleoceanographic studies, J.R. Hein, A.S. Bychkov and A.E. Gibbs (eds.), U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 94-230, 93-98. 44. Y. Tomishima et al. (39); J.S. Chung (1996), Deep ocean mining: technologies for nodules and crusts, Proceedings of First ISOPE International Deep-Ocean Technology Symposium and Workshop, Los INTERNATIONAL SEABED AUTHORITY 241
- Page 198 and 199: Current patterns, topography, botto
- Page 200 and 201: Table 1: Contents of manganese, iro
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- Page 204 and 205: Depth (km) 0 100 200 0 1 2 3 4 5 O
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- Page 208 and 209: Table 3: Cruises dedicated to the s
- Page 210 and 211: today. Field studies by the USA, Ge
- Page 212 and 213: Phosphorite and fresh basalt are st
- Page 214 and 215: 3.2. Mineralogy The mineralogy of b
- Page 216 and 217: Samples 25 20 15 10 5 0 Growth Rate
- Page 218 and 219: 3.4. Chemical Composition All USGS
- Page 220 and 221: elements associated with the detrit
- Page 222 and 223: Sample/PAAS 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001
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- Page 228 and 229: Phosphatization of the older Fe-Mn
- Page 230 and 231: A. B. C. Mn FSM-Palau Marshall Isla
- Page 232 and 233: 4. Iron-Manganese Crust Formation E
- Page 234 and 235: 5. Biological Communities and Curre
- Page 236 and 237: 6. Resource, Technology and Economi
- Page 238 and 239: MAJOR DIMENSIONS Length : 13 m Widt
- Page 240 and 241: not economical, under the circumsta
- Page 242 and 243: Based on grade, tonnage, and oceano
- Page 244 and 245: 3. J.R. Hein and C.L. Morgan (1999)
- Page 246 and 247: deep sea deposits, Report on the Sc
- Page 250 and 251: Angeles, CA, International Society
- Page 252 and 253: geochemistry of Central Pacific fer
- Page 254 and 255: 73. J.W. Moffett (1990), Microbiall
- Page 256 and 257: 86. D. Puteanus and P. Halbach (54)
- Page 258 and 259: 110. A Koschinsky and P Halbach (46
- Page 260 and 261: 132. J.R. Hein et al. (1) 133. H.H.
- Page 262 and 263: B. 14°30'N 14°20'N 14°10'N 160°
- Page 264 and 265: Appendix 4. 1-m-diameter circular c
- Page 266 and 267: economic potential in hydrogenetic
- Page 268 and 269: Zealand Oceanographic Institute, th
- Page 270 and 271: depths. Up welling increases primar
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- Page 282 and 283: 1. Introduction Plant life is impos
- Page 284 and 285: Table 1 Potential microbial metabol
- Page 286 and 287: Figure 2 Simplified representation
- Page 288 and 289: Figure 3 Major components of a gene
- Page 290 and 291: the mussel's nutrition. When experi
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39. T. Yamazaki, et al. (1990), Fundamental study on remote sensing of<br />
engineering properties of cobalt rich manganese crusts, in Proceedings,<br />
Ninth <strong>International</strong> Conference of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic<br />
Engineering, M.M. Salama et al. (eds.), The American Society of Mechanical<br />
Engineers Book, No. 10296E, 605-610. Y. Tomishima et al. (1990),<br />
Fundamental studies on in-situ measurement of engineering<br />
characteristics of cobalt rich manganese crusts by mechanical means,<br />
Proceedings Techno-Ocean '90 <strong>International</strong> Symposium, Kobe, Japan, 579-<br />
586.<br />
40. D.A. Larson et al. (1987), Physical properties and mechanical cutting<br />
characteristics of cobalt-rich manganese crusts, Bureau of Mines <strong>Report</strong><br />
of Investigation RI-9128, 35 pp.<br />
41. A.I. Svininnikov (1994), Physical properties of rocks and sediments from<br />
Karin Ridge (Central Equatorial Pacific) and the Bering Sea, In Data and<br />
results from R.V. Aleksandr Vinogradov cruises 91-AV-19/1, north<br />
Pacific hydrochemistry transect; 91-AV-19/2, north equatorial Pacific<br />
Karin Ridge Fe-Mn crust studies; and 91-AV-19/4, northwest Pacific and<br />
Bering Sea sediment geochemistry and paleoceanographic studies, J.R.<br />
Hein, A.S. Bychkov and A.E. Gibbs (eds.). U.S. Geological Survey Open<br />
File <strong>Report</strong> 94-230, 103-118.<br />
42. Y. Tomishima et al. (39)<br />
43. M.F. Stashchuk et al. (1994), Adsorption properties of ferromanganese<br />
crusts and nodules, In Data and results from R.V. Aleksandr Vinogradov<br />
cruises 91-AV-19/1, north Pacific hydrochemistry transect; 91-AV-19/2,<br />
north equatorial Pacific Karin Ridge Fe-Mn crust studies; and 91-AV-<br />
19/4, northwest Pacific and Bering Sea sediment geochemistry and<br />
paleoceanographic studies, J.R. Hein, A.S. Bychkov and A.E. Gibbs<br />
(eds.), U.S. Geological Survey Open File <strong>Report</strong> 94-230, 93-98.<br />
44. Y. Tomishima et al. (39); J.S. Chung (1996), Deep ocean mining:<br />
technologies for nodules and crusts, Proceedings of First ISOPE<br />
<strong>International</strong> Deep-Ocean Technology Symposium and Workshop, Los<br />
INTERNATIONAL SEABED AUTHORITY 241