Technical Design Report Super Fragment Separator

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DRAFT • Cooling arrangements: Both, air cooling and water cooling can be used. In the case of air cooling all necessary fans are parts of the power converter. In the case of water cooling all water flow meters are included and all material of the cooling circuits must be suited for non conductive water. • Control and Display: All power converters for magnets are equipped with a high precision current measuring device, i.e. DCCT. Digital control algorithms are implemented whenever possible. Full manual control is possible at the power converter without external control system. Full remote control is possible. Therefore all electronics are included to communicate on a basic digital level with the external control system. The external control system must be able to load or read all parameters of the implemented control algorithm. Appropriate displays are provided to show the controlled quantities. Status and fault indications are mandatory. • Protection: The power converters must be self protecting from internal and external faults. There are fault detecting devices: for instance over current detection. There are fault clearing devices: for instance fuses and predefined actions. There are direct protecting devices: for instance voltage limiters. The power converter must protect the load: from overcurrent from overvoltage by predefined reactions to interlocks of the load such as temperature interlocks, water interlocks, quench detection signals. 2.4.3.1.3 Locations of Power Converters The basic concept is to place all power electronics outside the restricted area of the beam transport system whenever possible. The advantages are: • Measurements, repairs and service are possible without accessing restricted areas, thus avoiding machine shut downs. • There is no waiting time to have access to faulty power converters. • There is no uncertainty on the influence of radiation on the proper operation of components of power electronics and on the impact on life time of the components • There is no need for automatic redundancy. 2.4.3.1.4 Choice of Power Converter Circuit Configurations Every selected power converter configuration must fulfil the criteria listed below: • it meets the specifications • it is reliable • its circuit structure is as simple as possible. 70
SCR structure DRAFT Regarding high power requirements combined with high currents and energy recovery as in the case of SIS100 a line commutated converter (SCR) is the best choice. High amounts of energy can be transmitted in two directions by using one active semiconductor circuit only. Reactive power can be reduced by adding freewheeling thyristors while an active switch mode filter circuit (PE, 50...100 kHz) will improve the poor dynamics of the SCR as well as it reduces the ripple content of the load current. The SCR will be set up as a line commutated 12-pulse system in series or parallel connection as shown in Figure 2.4.71. Switch Mode structure (SM): hard switching For small and medium power requirements with energy recovery capability switch mode circuits in hard switching configuration are well suited. Limits are given by high load currents because of the number of parallel IGBTs and the switching current capability of the storage capacitor in the DC-link. The benefits are the small filter for blocking the switching frequency from the load, the good dynamics and the energy storage which allows reduction of grid loading by pulsed currents. Switch mode circuits can be designed for 1-quadrant (chopper), 2-quadrant (half bridge) or 4-quadrant (full bridge) operation. The full bridge enables precisely controlled zero crossing of currents for bipolar applications. The full bridge configuration is already given in Figure 2.4.71. Half bridge and chopper configuration are given in Figure 2.4.72. Typical switching frequencies are 20 kHz. Switch Mode structure (SM-s): soft switching For DC applications demanding nearly noise free load currents soft switching circuits are well suited. Using medium frequency transformers to adapt to the wanted load voltage allows very compact construction of power converters. However the current of one circuit is limited to about 200A because of the Schottky diodes in the output rectifier. For higher load currents several circuits have to be connected in parallel. 2.4.3.1.5 Accuracy and current ripple The requirements for current control performance in respect to accuracy, stability, ripple and time lag of actual current to the set value are summarized in the total deviation. The definition of total deviation is illustrated in Figure 2.4.73 and can be expressed as a relative or absolute quantity. For bipolar power converters which can be operated at zero current the total deviation can only be given as an absolute quantity. In the relative definition the reference is always the actual value while in the absolute definition the reference is the nominal value. 71
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DRAFT Technical Design Report Super
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Preface DRAFT The International Fac
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Contents DRAFT 2.4.1 System Design
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DRAFT Table 2.4.1: Parameters of th
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DRAFT degrader stage which provides
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Pre-Separator DRAFT In order to acc
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DRAFT coupling coefficients is give
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DRAFT Table 2.4.3: First-order matr
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DRAFT Main-Separator to the high-en
Page 19 and 20: DRAFT Table 2.4.5: Transmission T o
Page 21 and 22: DRAFT Figure 2.4.15: Resolution nec
Page 23 and 24: DRAFT Figure 2.4.17: Spectrometer m
Page 25 and 26: DRAFT Table 2.4.8: Design parameter
Page 27 and 28: DRAFT Figure 2.4.20: Side view of t
Page 29 and 30: DRAFT Figure 2.4.23: Coil cross-sec
Page 31 and 32: DRAFT Figure 2.4.25: Flux density d
Page 33 and 34: Figure 2.4.29: Assembly of two half
Page 35 and 36: DRAFT Figure 2.4.31: Cross section
Page 37 and 38: Figure 2.4.34: Sketch of the therma
Page 39 and 40: DRAFT To fulfill the required field
Page 41 and 42: DRAFT Figure 2.4.39: The 3D model o
Page 43 and 44: DRAFT Pole radius mm 100 210 250 25
Page 45 and 46: DRAFT Figure 2.4.43: Front, side, a
Page 47 and 48: ∆B/B 0.0 DRAFT Figure 2.4.46: Ave
Page 49 and 50: DRAFT Figure 2.4.50: 3D model of th
Page 51 and 52: DRAFT Figure 2.4.54 and Table 2.4.1
Page 53 and 54: DRAFT 2.4.2.3.1 Radiation resistant
Page 55 and 56: DRAFT The water-cooled radiator con
Page 57 and 58: DRAFT Table 2.4.17: Coil parameters
Page 59 and 60: DRAFT Figure 2.4.63: Field distribu
Page 61 and 62: DRAFT Figure 2.4.65: Multiplet conf
Page 63 and 64: DRAFT Table 2.4.21 summarizes the r
Page 65 and 66: 2.4.2.6 Current Leads DRAFT The cur
Page 67 and 68: DRAFT Table 2.4.23 presents the lis
Page 69: 2.4.3 Power Converters DRAFT The po
Page 73 and 74: a) Chopper circuit 3x400V b) Half b
Page 75 and 76: External Control System Data transf
Page 77 and 78: DRAFT Figure 2.4.77: Arrangement of
Page 79 and 80: SuperFRS Power Supply Effective App
Page 81 and 82: DRAFT The locations for the differe
Page 83 and 84: DRAFT Figure 2.4.80: Beam induced f
Page 85 and 86: DRAFT Figure 2.4.82: Two hybrids ca
Page 87 and 88: DRAFT Figure 2.4.84: Left panel: TP
Page 89 and 90: DRAFT extracted beams. Its use for
Page 91 and 92: Time of Flight measurement DRAFT At
Page 93 and 94: DRAFT together. Another option is t
Page 95 and 96: DRAFT Figure 2.4.88: Pillow seal po
Page 97 and 98: DRAFT Figure 2.4.90: Setup at the m
Page 99 and 100: DRAFT An overview of the total vacu
Page 101 and 102: 2.4.7.4 Appendix - Technical Drawin
Page 103 and 104: DRAFT Figure 2.4.96: Diagnostic cha
Page 105 and 106: DRAFT Figure 2.4.98: Diagnostic cha
Page 107 and 108: DRAFT Figure 2.4.100: Diagnostic ch
Page 109 and 110: 2.4.8 Particles Sources n/a 2.4.9 E
Page 111 and 112: DRAFT movable, but BC3 must be able
Page 113 and 114: DRAFT Figure 2.4.106: Spot size of
Page 115 and 116: dE/dV [kJ/cm 3 ] 3 2 1 DRAFT includ
Page 117 and 118: 2.4.11.1.4 Design of the beam catch
Page 119 and 120: DRAFT Figure 2.4.110: Calculated eq
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DRAFT Figure 2.4.112: Location of b
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DRAFT the carbon. Again mainly 7 Be
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DRAFT maintenance of the carbon or
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DRAFT material) and received the an
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DRAFT commissioned in February 2005
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DRAFT Table 2.4.28: Typical beam pa
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DRAFT Figure 2.4.120: Surface tempe
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DRAFT Figure 2.4.123: Schematic lay
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DRAFT These results show that the i
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DRAFT Like in the case of the rotat
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DRAFT Figure 2.4.126: Left: Schemat
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DRAFT Figure 2.4.129: Flow scheme o
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DRAFT Since the weight of the cold
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DRAFT With the cooling capacity spe
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DRAFT Figure 2.4.134: Schematic of
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S1 (a) Figure 2.4.136: (a) Zoom of
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2.4.A Appendix DRAFT The appendix o
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DRAFT experiment the EXL community
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2.4.A1.3 Slow control and monitorin
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DRAFT Figure 2.4.139: Architecture
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DRAFT all FAIR accelerators will be
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DRAFT source tier are split in two
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DRAFT coupled from the ACS which is
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DRAFT 2.4.A3.2 Work packages: descr
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2.4.A3.2.4 Instrumentation Measurin
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DRAFT this, planning a network layo
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DRAFT 2.4.A3.3 Machine characterist
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DRAFT installation of RALF was done
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DRAFT The double ring synchrotrons,
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DRAFT The first refrigerator, Cryo1
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DRAFT shield 28874 + 25 g/s 22 bar
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LHe storage Helium storage Helium s
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Cryo2 Cryo3 CryoST DB 3 DRAFT Compr
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DRAFT The cold connection will be m
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DRAFT Measurements planned for each
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DRAFT For magnets with less stringe
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DRAFT The value, parameters, condit
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DRAFT 3. Geometry tests For cryosta
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DRAFT The Quench Heaters Tests has
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DRAFT Figure 2.4.159: Photograph of
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DRAFT The field properties listed i
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DRAFT Figure 2.4.161: Schematic vie
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DRAFT Figure 2.4.162: Scheme of the
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2.4.A6.2.2 Shielding against direct
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DRAFT Figure 2.4.165: An iron beam
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DRAFT In a side view the flux of pr
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DRAFT catcher 7 Be, 22 Na and 24 Na
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DRAFT at the FRS (2·10 9 /spill as
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DRAFT [1] H. Geissel et al., Nucl.
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DRAFT [74] A. Fabich and J. Lettry,
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