Technical Design Report Super Fragment Separator

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DRAFT Figure 2.4.111: Energy deposition per volume in the carbon and iron part of the beam catcher along the primary beam direction by a 1.5 GeV/u 238 U beam calculated with PHITS [41]. For the sake of clarity the V-shaped opening of the beam catcher was replaced by a simple block of graphite. There can be cases where not all high intensity components of the primary beam or fragments can be stopped in front of the degrader at PF2. This contribution should stay on a level of less than 1 % of the full intensity of the primary beam to cause no damage for the degrader. However, the subsequent superconducting magnets have to be protected. Depending on the position and the energy loss in the degrader the magnetic rigidity of this beam can vary a lot in the second half of the Pre-<strong>Separator</strong>. Figure 2.4.112 shows possible trajectories and corresponding options for the beam catcher locations. At least after the slit at PF4 the total intensity must be reduced to an equivalent of 10 9 uranium ions at 1 GeV/u. Like in the first half it is possible to find a setting of slits in which the beam is always dumped in a dedicated beam. Some of them need to be movable because they may otherwise restrict the fragment transmission. The construction of these beam catchers, however, is much simpler than in the first half of the Pre-<strong>Separator</strong>. Indeed they can be adopted from the present FRS slits. From Figure 2.4.111 with the condition of 100 times less incoming beam intensity, it follows that the slits must have a thickness of about 30 cm iron. As these slits are not radiated very often higher density material (tungsten alloys) may also be used without suffering from activation problems. 120
DRAFT Figure 2.4.112: Location of beam catcher positions behind the degrader station at PF2. Trajectories of the fragment beam are shown in black and possible trajectories of the primary beam in red. As the primary beam loses in most cases more energy than the fragments the beam catchers are needed mainly on one side. 2.4.11.1.5 Radiation damage Radiation damage in the carbon part of the beam catcher is caused by three mechanisms: • Elastic collisions of the primary beam, fragments or neutrons with the carbon atoms, • for high linear energy deposition the heating by the electronic energy loss can cause microscopic material melting and track formation. This happens in graphite above a threshold of about dE/dx = 7.3 ± 1.5 keV/nm [52] and will therefore occur mainly in the Bragg peak close to the end of the range, • spallation of the nuclides in the material and creation of other chemical elements. The number of displacements per atom (DPA) resulting from elastic collisions was estimated with the PHITS code. The result is shown in Figure 2.4.113 as a function of the depth in the beam catcher for a total number of ions of 10 20 uranium ions, corresponding to 116 days of operation per year over 10 years with the full intensity and energy. A strong peak appears towards the end of the range in carbon near the maximum of nuclear energy loss. But as the range and beam position will vary in different experiments the number of DPAs will stay on average below 1. The track formation imposes the strongest limit. First tests have shown that rather low rates of 10 13 /cm 2 of uranium ions at Bragg peak energies already lead to significant material modifications. At room temperature almost each ion will create a track in this energy regime, leading to swelling of the material by about 1% in volume and hardening of the material [53]. On the other hand at higher energies like at the entrance to the catcher the probability of track formation is reduced by a factor of 1000. Almost no amorphisation was observed in HOPG graphite for irradiation at a temperature above 800K [54]. 121
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DRAFT Technical Design Report Super
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Preface DRAFT The International Fac
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Contents DRAFT 2.4.1 System Design
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DRAFT Table 2.4.1: Parameters of th
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DRAFT degrader stage which provides
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Pre-Separator DRAFT In order to acc
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DRAFT coupling coefficients is give
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DRAFT Table 2.4.3: First-order matr
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DRAFT Main-Separator to the high-en
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DRAFT Table 2.4.5: Transmission T o
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DRAFT Figure 2.4.15: Resolution nec
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DRAFT Figure 2.4.17: Spectrometer m
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DRAFT Table 2.4.8: Design parameter
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DRAFT Figure 2.4.20: Side view of t
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DRAFT Figure 2.4.23: Coil cross-sec
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DRAFT Figure 2.4.25: Flux density d
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Figure 2.4.29: Assembly of two half
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DRAFT Figure 2.4.31: Cross section
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Figure 2.4.34: Sketch of the therma
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DRAFT To fulfill the required field
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DRAFT Figure 2.4.39: The 3D model o
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DRAFT Pole radius mm 100 210 250 25
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DRAFT Figure 2.4.43: Front, side, a
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∆B/B 0.0 DRAFT Figure 2.4.46: Ave
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DRAFT Figure 2.4.50: 3D model of th
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DRAFT Figure 2.4.54 and Table 2.4.1
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DRAFT 2.4.2.3.1 Radiation resistant
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DRAFT The water-cooled radiator con
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DRAFT Table 2.4.17: Coil parameters
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DRAFT Figure 2.4.63: Field distribu
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DRAFT Figure 2.4.65: Multiplet conf
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DRAFT Table 2.4.21 summarizes the r
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2.4.2.6 Current Leads DRAFT The cur
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DRAFT Table 2.4.23 presents the lis
Page 69 and 70: 2.4.3 Power Converters DRAFT The po
Page 71 and 72: SCR structure DRAFT Regarding high
Page 73 and 74: a) Chopper circuit 3x400V b) Half b
Page 75 and 76: External Control System Data transf
Page 77 and 78: DRAFT Figure 2.4.77: Arrangement of
Page 79 and 80: SuperFRS Power Supply Effective App
Page 81 and 82: DRAFT The locations for the differe
Page 83 and 84: DRAFT Figure 2.4.80: Beam induced f
Page 85 and 86: DRAFT Figure 2.4.82: Two hybrids ca
Page 87 and 88: DRAFT Figure 2.4.84: Left panel: TP
Page 89 and 90: DRAFT extracted beams. Its use for
Page 91 and 92: Time of Flight measurement DRAFT At
Page 93 and 94: DRAFT together. Another option is t
Page 95 and 96: DRAFT Figure 2.4.88: Pillow seal po
Page 97 and 98: DRAFT Figure 2.4.90: Setup at the m
Page 99 and 100: DRAFT An overview of the total vacu
Page 101 and 102: 2.4.7.4 Appendix - Technical Drawin
Page 103 and 104: DRAFT Figure 2.4.96: Diagnostic cha
Page 105 and 106: DRAFT Figure 2.4.98: Diagnostic cha
Page 107 and 108: DRAFT Figure 2.4.100: Diagnostic ch
Page 109 and 110: 2.4.8 Particles Sources n/a 2.4.9 E
Page 111 and 112: DRAFT movable, but BC3 must be able
Page 113 and 114: DRAFT Figure 2.4.106: Spot size of
Page 115 and 116: dE/dV [kJ/cm 3 ] 3 2 1 DRAFT includ
Page 117 and 118: 2.4.11.1.4 Design of the beam catch
Page 119: DRAFT Figure 2.4.110: Calculated eq
Page 123 and 124: DRAFT the carbon. Again mainly 7 Be
Page 125 and 126: DRAFT maintenance of the carbon or
Page 127 and 128: DRAFT material) and received the an
Page 129 and 130: DRAFT commissioned in February 2005
Page 131 and 132: DRAFT Table 2.4.28: Typical beam pa
Page 133 and 134: DRAFT Figure 2.4.120: Surface tempe
Page 135 and 136: DRAFT Figure 2.4.123: Schematic lay
Page 137 and 138: DRAFT These results show that the i
Page 139 and 140: DRAFT Like in the case of the rotat
Page 141 and 142: DRAFT Figure 2.4.126: Left: Schemat
Page 143 and 144: DRAFT Figure 2.4.128: Schematic lay
Page 145 and 146: DRAFT Figure 2.4.129: Flow scheme o
Page 147 and 148: DRAFT Since the weight of the cold
Page 149 and 150: DRAFT With the cooling capacity spe
Page 151 and 152: DRAFT Figure 2.4.134: Schematic of
Page 153 and 154: S1 (a) Figure 2.4.136: (a) Zoom of
Page 155 and 156: 2.4.A Appendix DRAFT The appendix o
Page 157 and 158: DRAFT experiment the EXL community
Page 159 and 160: 2.4.A1.3 Slow control and monitorin
Page 161 and 162: DRAFT Figure 2.4.139: Architecture
Page 163 and 164: DRAFT all FAIR accelerators will be
Page 165 and 166: DRAFT source tier are split in two
Page 167 and 168: DRAFT coupled from the ACS which is
Page 169 and 170: DRAFT 2.4.A3.2 Work packages: descr
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2.4.A3.2.4 Instrumentation Measurin
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DRAFT this, planning a network layo
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DRAFT 2.4.A3.3 Machine characterist
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DRAFT installation of RALF was done
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DRAFT The double ring synchrotrons,
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DRAFT The first refrigerator, Cryo1
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DRAFT shield 28874 + 25 g/s 22 bar
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LHe storage Helium storage Helium s
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Cryo2 Cryo3 CryoST DB 3 DRAFT Compr
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DRAFT The cold connection will be m
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DRAFT Measurements planned for each
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DRAFT For magnets with less stringe
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DRAFT The value, parameters, condit
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DRAFT 3. Geometry tests For cryosta
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DRAFT The Quench Heaters Tests has
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DRAFT Figure 2.4.159: Photograph of
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DRAFT The field properties listed i
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DRAFT Figure 2.4.161: Schematic vie
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DRAFT Figure 2.4.162: Scheme of the
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2.4.A6.2.2 Shielding against direct
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DRAFT Figure 2.4.164: Schematic lay
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DRAFT Figure 2.4.165: An iron beam
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DRAFT In a side view the flux of pr
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DRAFT catcher 7 Be, 22 Na and 24 Na
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DRAFT at the FRS (2·10 9 /spill as
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DRAFT [1] H. Geissel et al., Nucl.
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DRAFT [74] A. Fabich and J. Lettry,
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