November - Global Movement of Moderates - GMM

World In 

Staying In Perpetual Peace And Balance 

www.gmomf.org NOVEMBER 2012 

International 

Symposium 

Global Financial Stability 

Through Islamic Finance 

Istanbul World 

Forum 2012 

Addressing all aspects of 

the concept of “justice” 

International 

Exchange 

GMMF In Russia 

Book Review 

Hamas and Suicide 

Terrorism 

Raising the ASEAN 

Value Through the 

Concept of GMM

PATRON 

Prime Minister of Malaysia 

YAB Dato’ Sri Mohd Najib Tun Abdul Razak 

BOARD OF TRUSTEES 

Tan Sri Razali Ismail (Chairman) 

Professor Dato’ Wira Dr Khairil Annas Jusoh 

Dato’ Mazri Muhammad 

Associate Professor Dr Hamidin Abdul Hamid 

Mohd Khair Ngadiron 

Dato’ Ng Tieh Chuan 

MANAGEMENT 

�� 

Khalek Awang 

khalek@gmomf.org 

Head of Research 

Phar Kim Beng 

pharkb@gmomf.org 

Research Manager 

Asrul Daniel Ahmed 

asrul.daniel@gmomf.org 

Senior Manager, Publications 

Kumaran Subramaniam 

kumaran@gmomf.org 

Senior Manager, Media & Communications 

Jenny Wong 

Jenny@gmomf.org 

DEPARTMENTS 

Research 

Mahmud Rajaie Othman 

Muhammad Abu Kadir 

Hana Shazwin Azizan 

Programmes 

Azri Wan Jaafar 

Tan Sian Hoo 

Administration 

Adilla Abdul Aziz 

Human Resource 

�� 

Personal Assistant to the Chairman 

Sha Dila Halid 

�� 

Zulkarnain Azman 

Global Movement of Moderates Foundation 

15th Floor, Menara Manulife 

6 Jalan Gelenggang, Damansara Heights 

50490 Kuala Lumpur 

Tel: +6 03 2095 1115 

Fax: +6 03 2095 1215 

Website: www.gmomf.org 

E-mail: info@gmomf.org 

Foreword From The CEO 

ASEAN is one of those unique 

regional organisations that is 

constantly re-invented. When 

the Cold War ended in 1989, 

ASEAN transformed its post-ministerial 

meeting to discuss political and security 

issues. Although this was encouraged 

by then Foreign Minister Taro 

Nakayama, the momentum to make 

ASEAN relevant to the new Post-Cold 

War order had already been apparent 

in Track I and Track II diplomacy. Thus 

it is the case with the Global Movement of Moderates (GMM). In 

endorsing it as an ASEAN idea in April 2011, GMM is now poised to 

promote various forms of moderation observed in Southeast Asia 

over the last 45 years. 

Some of the intercultural and interreligious best practices in the 

region have been simply stunning. In Malaysia, it is customary, for 

example, to visit each other’s houses during the festive occasions. 

This applies to Chinese, Indian, and Malay cultural, religious and 

other holidays without exception. Singapore also deducts a 

small percentage of the Singaporean Muslims’ income to enable 

the money to be used for religious, and even academic, purposes. 

Thus, both the society and the state in Southeast Asia have come 

up with unique ways to foster cooperation and harmony. 

Dr Surin Pitsuwan’s GMM Distinguished Lecture emphasised just as 

much; that Muslims and non-Muslims alike have to co-exist by being 

more thoughtful and humble to one another. Instead of assuming 

that they know it all, they should be more mindful of their fallibility. 

GMM is about promoting justice, excellence and equilibrium. 

These are powerful and big concepts. The best way to promote 

�� 

international community. 

KHALEK AWANG 

�� 

Global Movement of Moderates Foundation

ASEM Declaration 

Incorporates Moderation Concept 

T�� 

European leaders, said Malaysian Prime Minister Dato’ Sri Najib Tun Razak. In fact, the Prime Minister 

said, it was incorporated into the 9th Asia-Europe Meeting Summit’s (ASEM) declaration, as well as the 

Chair’s statement at the summit. “I have forwarded during the meeting that the moderation concept 

�� 

media at the end of the two-day summit in Vientiane, Laos. 

�� 

moderation approaches taken by the Philippine Government, Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) and Malaysia 

�� 

�� 

people perished. Najib witnessed the signing ceremony in Manila. 

Another moderation approach was shown by a Malaysian non-governmental organisation (NGO) when 

it extended assistance to both Muslim and Buddhist victims in the strife-torn Myanmar’s Rakhine province, 

�� 

�� 

�� 

On the sidelines of the meeting, Najib met Bulgarian President Rosen Plevneliev, Slovenian Prime Minister Janez 

Jansa and United Kingdom Foreign Secretary William Hague. He said the British Government congratulated 

�� 

that it also encouraged Malaysian investors in real estate development in the United Kingdom. On meeting with 

his Slovenian counterpart, Najib said they felt that both Port Klang in Malaysia and Koper Port in Slovenia could 

cooperate for easier access of goods to the European market. G 

Source: Bernama 

9th ASIA-EUROPE MEETING SUMMIT 

03 

GMMF

DISTINGUISHED LECTURE 

GMMF 04 

Raising the ASEAN 

Value Through the 

Concept of GMM 

VENUE: Royale Chulan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Date: 30 October, 2012 

The Global Movement of Moderates 

Foundation (GMMF) successfully 

organized the third edition of the 

Distinguished Lecture Series with a 

lecture by the ASEAN Secretary-General, Dr 

�� 

attended by the Secretary General of United 

Nations, Ban Ki-moon in March 2012, followed 

by British Prime Minister David Cameron in April 

2012. Each of these lectures emphasised the 

importance of moderation. Themed Raising 

the ASEAN Value through the Concept of 

Global Movement of Moderates (GMM), the 

lecture by Dr Surin was aimed at highlighting 

the relevance of ASEAN as the embodiment 

�� 

equilibrium and excellence. 

Dr Surin stressed that GMM can be the 

substance and soul of the vehicle called 

ASEAN. It could complement the ASEAN 

Charter, help the body move forward, and 

connect further with the global community. 

“The leaders of ASEAN have accepted GMM 

as an ASEAN agenda. We want to share 

with the world the way in which we achieve, 

deliberate, and cooperate on things. We may 

go slowly, but we get there as a group. Within 

our diversity, we learn to accept and give and 

�� 

�� 

Awang, in his address, stated, “While critics of 

ASEAN may challenge the achievement of the 

regional body, research shows that since the

� The 

impressive 

turnout 

included 

numerous 

ambassadors 

and 

distinguished 

guests 

�� 

have nearly fallen by 99%. This commendable 

record has not been superseded by any 

region. Although ASEAN’s achievement can 

be easily overlooked by many, a cohesive and 

united region is capable of producing long and 

sustainable peace conducive to prosperity 

and democratisation. The Nobel Peace prize 

awarded to the European Union (EU) this year is 

�� 

Invariably, the lecture tried to raise the 

awareness of all on the Global Movement of 

Moderates (GMM) as an ASEAN-endorsed 

�� 

�� 

achievement. “Indeed, the lecture tries 

to showcase the ambition of ASEAN as a 

�� 

said Khalek, adding that the Foundation’s 

research initiatives that are centred on the 

�� 

areas, namely peaceful co-existence, 

democracy and rule of law, international 

�� 

�� 

First mooted by Malaysian Prime Minister 

Dato’ Seri Najib Tun Razak at the 65th 

United Nations General Assembly, GMM 

was adopted by the 20th ASEAN Summit in 

Phnom Penh on 3 April 2012. In light of the 

Bali Concord III signed by ASEAN leaders in 

November 2011, which attempted to position 

�� 

this Distinguished Lecture delved into the 

values of GMM as a concept that is worthy 

of global application and deployment. “The 

challenge facing ASEAN and beyond is how 

to operationalize the GMM concept, and a 

well-targeted approach with a clear message 

�� 

among the member states. 

�� 

Secretariat begin to convene Track I, II, III 

�� 

the ASEAN Action Agenda on GMM has to be 

�� 

to gain critical acclaim regionally and globally. 

The GMM is guided by a sound principle - 

GMM is against extremism and excesses that 

can lead to turbulence in the international 

system. Prime Minister Najib pointed this out at 

�� 

Kuala Lumpur earlier this year. “Indeed, GMMF 

�� 

consolidation and dissemination of information 

on moderation against extremism as the 

�� 

He added that the Distinguished Lecture Series 

is part of the Foundation’s initiatives to realise 

that aim. The Distinguished Lecture Series is 

designed to bring together high-level regional 

and international opinion and decision makers 

to share their perspectives and solutions on 

intractable differences - with a focus on the 

�� 

these values must, by necessity, include justice, 

equilibrium and excellence - three principles 

that can give rise to a higher attainment 

of moderation beyond compromise, 

accommodation and collegial agreements 

among regional and international actors. G 

For more images from the Distinguished Lecture 

By Dr Surin Pitsuwan, visit www.gmomf.org 

� Dr Surin (centre) 

on stage with (from 

left) GMMF CEO 

Khalek Awang; 

Members of the 

GMMF’s Board of 

Trustees, Professor 

Dato’ Wira Dr 

Khairil Annas 

Jusoh and Dato’ Ng 

Tieh Chuan; and 

GMMF Chairman 

Tan Sri Razali 

Ismail 

05 GMMF

ISTANBUL WORLD FORUM 2012 

JUSTICE! 

VENUE: Istanbul Congress Center, Istanbul, Turkey Date: 13 - 14 October, 2012 

The Istanbul World Forum (IWF) was held 

with the goal of providing Turkish Prime 

Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan a stage 

with which to reach out to the world. 

The Global Movement of Moderates Foundation 

�� 

�� 

200 international delegates and scholars who 

attended the event, which was conducted in 

English, Turkish and Arabic with simultaneous 

translations. The theme of the entire program was 

Justice with the organisers cleverly designating it 

as Istanbul on Trial. 

Prime Minister Erdogan delivered a powerful 

speech calling for the reform of the United 

Nations (UN) for the world to see any justice 

internationally. He suggested a total revamp of 

the UN Security Council as the current institution 

�� 

that justice must prevail in all issues. Some of the 

key messages of the Turkish Prime Minister echoed 

the thoughts of Malaysian Prime Minister Dato’ 

Seri Najib Tun Razak on the Global Movement of 

Moderates (GMM). Among them was the stress 

on patience and moderation in building and 

changing any existing institutions. 


CREDIT: ISTANBUL WORLD FORUM 

Moderation, as the Turkish Prime Minister argued, 

would only be effective if the focus was on 

�� 

�� 

the bedrock of the international institutions, 

especially the UN, not least the UN Alliance of 

Civilizations (UNAOC). The importance of IWF 

�� 

faced by Turkey over Syria. All the sessions on 

the Arab world were reduced to standing room 

events only, especially matters verging on Egypt 

and Syria. Although Russia and Iran had been 

two of the stumbling blocks to Turkey’s attempt 

to pacify the region, there were however no 

sessions on these two countries. 

The Istanbul 

World Forum 

addressed 

numerous issues 

under the Justice 

and Global Order 

theme

CREDIT: UNAOC 

Turkish Prime Minister 

Recep Tayyip Erdogan 


Prime Minister Erdogan spoke out time and 

again against Syria’s attempt to provoke and 

test the patience of Turkey. He also lashed 

out against the European Union for not giving 

due support to Turkey to prevent Syria from 

killing and evicting its citizens. This criticism, 

however, stopped short of accusing the United 

States of equal complicity, nor did he try to 

involve Russia and Iran. Dr Ibrahim Kalin, the 

undersecretary of Turkey, argued that the world 

had become multi-polar. It was therefore vital 

for Turkey to engage not just the EU and the 

US principally, but other parts of the world too. 

Turkey’s foreign policy over the last 10 years has 

�� 

Dr Ahmet Davutoglu, the Foreign Minister of 

�� 

�� 

a world marked by the development and 

acceptance of human rights, democracy, and 

the full respect of individual autonomy. Turkey 

will back these progressive forces in the Middle 

East and elsewhere without any sectarian bias. 

� Turkish foreign minister, Ahmet Davutoglu 

The Forum gathered policy leaders, 

business managers, opinion leaders, 

academicians, NGO leaders, writers, 

artists and media members from around 

the world 

Professor Zuhtu Arslan, a Supreme Court justice, 

�� 

and constitution-building as one undivided 

whole. In order to have a progressive constitution 

in Turkey or anywhere else in the world, the 

political parties must themselves be progressive 

�� 

would otherwise be totally compromised. 

In conclusion, the IWF was an exceptional 

forum, as it drew many scholars, specialists and 

politicians. The high participation of the students 

in Turkey also marked a vital break through, as 

they were often at the forefront of raising and 

asking important questions. On the subject 

of GMM, Erol Cebeci, director of SETA (The 

Foundation for Political, Economic and Social 

�� 

�� 

been briefed on the concept. GMM books were 

distributed to other partners of IWF, namely the 

UNAOC institute in TC Sultanahmet University, 

the Turkish Prime Ministry, the AKP Party’s foreign 

affairs bureau, and Istanbul Sehir University. G 



INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FINANCE 

Japan Welcomes 

GMMF 

��From left: Nicholas Fang - Director of the Singapore Institute of International Affairs, Jayant Menon - Lead Economist at the Office for Regional Economic 

Integration at ADB, Datuk Dr Awang Adek Hussin - Deputy Finance Minister of Malaysia, Khalek Awang - GMMF CEO and Rosli Yaakub - Senior Private 

Secretary to the Deputy Finance Minister of Malaysia 

The Global Movement of 


Moderates Foundation 

(GMMF), together with the 

Institute of International 

Monetary Affairs (IIMA) and the 

Konrad Adenauer Foundation 

(KAS), organised the International 

Symposium on Sustainable Growth 

- Financial Stability in Tokyo on 

2 October 2012. GMMF was 

represented by Chief Executive 

�� 

of Research Phar Kim Beng at the 

symposium that brought together 

200 policy analysts, scholars and 

decision makers. Also present was 

Deputy Finance Minister of Malaysia 

Datuk Dr Awang Adek Hussin, Vice 

Minister of Finance for International 

Affairs in Japan Takehiko Nakao, 

Deputy Chairman for Finances and 

Budget in Germany Michael Meister, 

and Director of the National Institute 

of Economic Research in China 

Fan Gang. Besides the symposium, 

�� 

�� 

courtesy visits and discussions to 

increase awareness of GMMF and 

consolidate new partnerships.

INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM 

ON SUSTAINABLE GROWTH - 

FINANCIAL STABILITY 

DATE: 2 October, 2012 

VENUE: Keidanren Kaikan, 

Tokyo, Japan 

In his address to the Symposium, 

Datuk Dr Awang Adek’s keynote 

speech highlighted the importance 

of Islamic banking to further 

bankroll the real economy, and 

how the growing interest in Islamic 

�� 

is receiving global attention. His 

view was seconded by Yoshihiro 

Watanabe, one of the three 

Japanese members of the APEC 

Business Advisory Council (ABAC), 

whose membership came from the 

direct nomination of the Japanese 

�� 

the importance of Islamic Finance 

completely, given the emphasis 

on ‘real economy’ as the ethical 

underpinning. 

Deliberating on the lessons learned 

from previous and current 

�� 

the conference was aimed at 

identifying the social and economic 

governance models that could 

build more inclusive societies for 

sustainable growth. Fan Gang 

urged participants to be mindful 

of the United States and European 

crisis, for they are now occurring 

in the core rather than at the 

periphery of the economic system 

�� 

crisis. Michael Meister on the other 

hand, called for a more robust 

social insurance sector to cushion 

the effects of unemployment and 

�� 

Takehiko Nakao in turn argued 

that the over-incentivisation of 

the bankers have unnecessarily 

heightened the risk of overleverage, 

as they take bigger risks on behalf of 

their banks or companies to make 

immense personal gains, often at 

the expense of millions of consumers 

and depositors globally. “The 

problems were well articulated and 

conceptualised at the international 

symposium to say the least. Since it 

precedes the upcoming joint World 

Bank and International Monetary 

Fund meeting on October 12-14, the 

saliency of the presentation was all 

�� 

CEO Khalek Awang. 

“Invariably, the symposium combines 

insights of experts and specialists on 

�� 

�� 

all of which are relevant to the quest 

for moderation based on justice, 

equilibrium and excellence,’ he said, 

adding that as an ASEAN endorsed 

idea, the Global Movement of 

Moderates (GMM) has chosen 

a good platform to look into the 

�� 

problems, especially the sustainability 

of modern standards of living. 

Meeting with Professor Go 

Ito, Meiji University 

With Professor Go Ito of Meiji 

University expressing his willingness 

to work closely with an ASEAN- 

endorsed idea within the Tokyo 

Director of Al Rajhi Banking & Investment 

Corporation, Dr Nik Norzrul Thani delivering his 

presentation. Seated next to him is Minister Jong- 

Tae Choi, Chairman of the Economic and Social 

Development Commission, Korea 

area in Japan, the University agreed 

to sign an MOU with GMMF to set up 

an Institute of Moderation Studies, 

tentatively slated for November 

�� 

members of the Board of Trustees of 

the Institute of Moderation Studies 

will be invited to lecture on GMM 

upon its inauguration. 

Meeting with Dr Akira 

Matsunaga, Director of Pan 

Islam Program, Sasakawa 

Peace Foundation 

The Sasakawa Peace Foundation 

(SPF) welcomed the possibility of 

signing an MOU with GMMF, and the 

opportunity to co-host events with 

the goal of distributing Malaysian 

Prime Minister Dato’ Seri Mohd Najib 

Tun Abdul Razak’s books on the 

Global Movement of Moderates, 

�� 

be handed over to the Tokyo 

Foundation, the Nippon Foundation 

and the SPF. The SPF also agreed 

to work closely with GMMF on 

�� 

and Middle Eastern countries. 

ASEAN lecture in the BA/ 

MA class of Professor Go 

Ito, Meiji University 

Professor Ito reiterated that Meiji 

University will work with other 

universities in Tokyo such as Tokyo 

University, Sophia University, Tokyo 

University of Foreign Language, 

Aoyama Gakuin University, United 

Nations University and Waseda 

University to support GMMF’s goals 

and efforts. Together with Professor 

Sachiko Hirakawa, Professor Ito 

agreed to explore opportunities 

to distribute GMMF’s literature 

throughout the East Asian University 

Network. G 


INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE 

On 16 October 2012, the Embassy of Malaysia 

in Moscow invited Khalek Awang, Chief 

�� 

Movement of Moderates Foundation 

(GMMF) to give a brief on the Global Movement of 

Moderates (GMM) to all the home based Embassy 

staff. Khalek was in Moscow to attend the Second Asia 

�� 

the President Hotel. Apart from attending the Forum, the 

�� 

Department of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and 

�� 

promote GMM. He also made a presentation on GMM 

at the Moscow State Institute of International Relations 

of Russia (MGIMO). 

GMMF In Russia 

�� 

elaborated on the functions of GMMF and the concept 

�� 



MAJOR UPCOMING EVENTS 

DECEMBER 2012 

GLOBAL MODERATION ROUNDTABLE LECTURE BY PROFESSOR MARIE-SYBILLE DE VIENNE 

THEME : Coping With Diversity Or Building Citizenship? 

VENUE : Grand Hyatt, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 

DATE : 11 December, 2012 

GMMF CEO 

Khalek Awang 

with members 

of the Malaysian 

Embassy in 

Moscow 

� Khalek with 

Natalia Bubnova, 

Carnegie Moscow 

Center’s Deputy 

Director for 

Communications 

are propagated by GMM are peaceful co-existence, 

�� 

�� 

Embassies were requested to help disseminate 

information regarding the GMM to foreign governments, 

think tanks, academicians and NGOs. G 

Source: www.kln.gov.my

Charm Offensive: How 

China’s Soft Power is 

Transforming the World 

AUTHOR: Joshua Kurlantzick PUBLISHED: 2007 

Reviewed by Phar Kim Beng, Head of Research, Global Movement of Moderates Foundation 

The central discourse 

of moderation is self- 

perception: How do 

some countries see 

themselves? This applies to 

China with enormous salience 

since China has always seen 

itself as a “Middle Kingdom/ 

�� 

�� 

of the Mean (chungyung). 

In other words, China has 

always seen itself as a country 

with enormous restraint and 

tact. There is some truth to it. 

Over the last one hundred 

years, China has only had two 

�� 

with the former Soviet Union 

at the birth of the People’s 

Republic of China, which 

subsequently broke down 

in 1967, when Beijing and 

Moscow fought over a strip of 

land near the Ussuri River. 

The second was formed with 

the United States in 1972, 

when Beijing felt the need to 

counter balance the Russian 

bear. The latter broke down 

in 1989 due to the Tiananmen 

students’ unrest. The sparse 

records of China’s alliance 

relationships indicate two 

constant features in China’s 

diplomacy. First, with the 

exception of the Cultural 

Revolution (1962-1978), Beijing 

PHOTO CREDIT: CARNEGIE EUROPE 

has always considered itself 

a fair and reliable country to 

many. Thus, it can afford to 

hold in suspense the incentive 

to form special relationships 

with a motley collection of 

countries. Put bluntly, China 

sought to have the friendships 

of all, while keeping alliances 

to a minimum. 

Joshua Kurlantzick 

Second, it also shows that 

�� 

goodwill. And, it is willing 

to co-exist with various 

�� 

principles of peaceful co- 

existence enunciated by 

the late Premier Zhou Enlai 

in the Bandung Conference 

in 1952. What is equally true 

is that China’s moderation 

has occasionally been seen 

through different prisms. 

Indeed, not unlike an Oriental 

enigma, perhaps due to its size 

and reach, China has always 

been many things to many 

people. To militant Japanese 

seeking to underscore the 

greatness of Japan in the 

early part of the 20th century, 

China was the ‘Sick Man of 

Asia.’ To American missionaries 

who hopped over from their 

station in the Island of Hawaii, 

China was literally ‘Heathen’s 

Heaven’, one teeming with 

�� 

for Christian redemption. G 

To read the full review of 

Charm Offensive: How China’s 

Soft Power Is Transforming the 

World, visit www.gmomf.org. 

BOOK REVIEW 


BOOK REVIEW 


Hamas And 

Suicide Terrorism 

AUTHOR: Rashmi Singh PUBLISHED: 2011 

Reviewed by Phar Kim Beng, Head of Research, Global Movement of Moderates Foundation 

There is a cottage 

industry on the 

study of terrorism, by 

extension, suicide 

terrorism. This is because 

terrorism is a phenomenon with 

a long history in conventional 

and unconventional wars. 

From the Kamikaze pilots in 

World War II to the Tamil Tigers’ 

guerrilla tactics against the Sri 

Lankan government, terrorism 

has literally been the weapons 

of the weak. They are deployed 

either in desperation or when 

defeat is imminent, to personify 

the courage and bravery of 

the combatants, even the 

volunteers. Yet, terrorism in 

the name of religion, rather 

than nationalism or ethno- 

nationalism, has been far and 

few in between. 

When an organisation like 

�� 

�� 

sanctions it, it is easy to wonder 

if this is a new phenomenon. 

Rashmi Singh, who wrote 

Hamas And Suicide Terrorism: 

Multi-causal and Multi-level 

approaches, as her Ph.D. 

dissertation at the Center for 

Terrorism and Political Violence 

at St Andrews University, argues 

that it is a new phenomenon, 

although the causes are 

complex. In fact, the motives 

are not necessarily aimed at 

wresting territorial concessions 

or the exchange of prisoners 

of war. 

Rather, Rashmi Singh writes 

that the reasons could be both 

strategic and symbolic that 

goes beyond such objectives. 

Within this context, Rashmi 

�� 

the ‘4th generation scholarship.’ 

In this genre, the motives of 

terrorism or suicide terrorism are 

a combination of instrumental, 

organisational, and individual 

logic (page 13). How all three 

become inter-related is where 

Rashmi’s work is interesting. For 

example, she argues that the 

Palestinian struggle between 

�� 

three broad lines: 

1. Suicide attacks as survival (i.e. 

to perpetuate the survival of the 

family, organisation and nation) 

2. Suicide attacks as retaliation 

(i.e. as revenge motives) 

3. Suicide attacks as 

competition (i.e. against rivals, 

see page 17) 

But, none of the above would 

have been possible, without 

the prior antecedent of 

Palestinian nationalism, she 

claimed (page 18). Indeed, 

suicide terrorism is partly 

an extension of Palestinian 

nationalism. Similarly, Rashmi 

also argues that political Islam 

is a part of suicide terrorism as 

well (page 27). Chapter 2 and 

3 are essentially treatments 

of these two themes. Here, 

the issue of independent and 

�� 

�� 

completely ignored. It also 

shows the complexity of the 

subject at hand. 

The end of Chapter 4, however, 

is most interesting. Rashmi 

argues that Palestinians are no 

longer drawn to suicide terrorism 

by way of becoming members 

of HAMAS. Rather, they are 

capable of carrying out their 

‘self-aware’ suicidal operations 

(page 74). What this amounts to 

is a liberalisation or privatisation 

of suicide terrorism. G 

To read the full review of 

Hamas and Suicide Terrorism, 

visit www.gmomf.org.

November - Global Movement of Moderates - GMM

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?