Insect Control: Biological and Synthetic Agents - Index of

More documents

Recommendations

Info

juvenile hormone esterase baculovirus, 336 neonicotinoid insecticides, 86 Photorhabdus, insecticidal toxins, 314 sodium channel blockers, 49 mechanism, 42 nervous system, spontaneous activity, 40, 41–42 pseudoparalysis, 39 spinosyns, mode of action, 221–222 three-domain Cry toxins epitopes, toxin binding, 258–259 proteolytic activation, 256 receptor identification, 257–258, 261–262 Mannich adducts, 79 [ 125 I]azidoneonicotinoid (AN) probe, 79, 79fF Drosophila, 79 formation, 79fF hydrolysis, 79fF Musca, 79 Massospora, 390 Mating entomopathogenic fungi, 402 MATRIC Õ , 123fF, 125tT Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) activity, 338–339 Mechanoreceptors, sodium channel blockers, 40–41 medallin (Bt med) gene, 301 Melacarpins, 188 see also Neem insecticides Melanoplus, 152tT Melia azedarach, 188 Meliaceaea, 187–188 Melolontha melolontha host range, 397–398 soil environment, 410 Melophagus ovinus, 101–102 Mesobuthus tamulus concanesis, 355 Metarhizium, 434, 435 occurrence, 391–392 soil environment, 410 Metarhizium anisopliae, 389fF application strategies, autodissemination, 416 classification, 388–389, 395 commercialized products, 413 dispersal, 405 efficancy improvements, strain selection, 414 genetic modification, 414–415 host range, 396 interactions, natural enemies, 406 killing Ixodes ricinus, 390fF mode of action, 399–400 reduced feeding effects, 401 Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum commercialized products, 413 formulation, 415 mass production, 412 natural enemy interactions, 406–407 Metarhizum flavoviride, 395 Metaseiulus occidentalis transformation, use in insect control, 444 Methomyl, 354–355 Methoprene juvenile hormone analog, 149fF, 150, 150fF Methoxyfenozide, 124–125 azadirachtin, 194 bisacylhydrazine, 130, 136–137 commercial products, activity spectrum, 139 ecotoxicology, 140 gene switches, plants, 144 structure, 123fF, 125tT Metofulthrin, 5fF Microarray analysis Photorhabdus genomics, 321 Microplitis croceipes (parasitic wasp) baculovirus insect control, nontarget species, effect potential, 362–363 Microtubules synthesis/assembly, azadirachtin action, 196 Midgut baculovirus protease barrier, 338 epithelium baculovirus proteases, 338 MIMIC 240LV, 139 Minature excitatory postsynaptic potentical (MEPSPs), 11–12 Mites toxin, 345 Mitosis azadirachtin effects, 195–196 Moina macrocopa, 156tT Molting bisacylhydrazine effects, 133–134 cycle insecticides, growth disruption, bisacylhydrazine, mode of action, 135 Molting hormone, 122 ecdysone receptors, 124 coleopteran, 124 dipteran, 124 DNA binding domain, 124 ecdysteroids, 124 ectysone receptor (EcR), 124 homopteran, 124 lepidopteran, 124 orthopteran, 124 retinoic acid receptor (RXR), 124 ultraspiracle (USP), 124 eclosion hormone, 123 initiation, 123 juvenile hormone analog, 145 physiological role, 122 see also 20-Hydroxyecdysone (20E); 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) Monomorium pharaonis, 154tT Mononychellus tanajore, 418 Mosquitocidal Bacillus sphaericus, 283–307 Bacillus thuringiensis synergism, 264 Subject Index 463 biochemistry, 285 crystal toxins see Crystal toxins discovery, 285 field use, 294 commercial strains, 295 mosquito bite reduction, 294 resistance development, 294tT genetics, 285 management, 300 Bin toxin, 300 crystal toxin, 300 jegathesan (Bt jeg), 301 medallin (Bt med), 301 resistance, 300 mode of action, 289 mtx toxins see Mtx toxins resistance, 294tT, 295 field-selected resistance, mechanism, 298 Bin toxin, 298, 299fF SPHAE, 298–299 TUNIS, 298–299 genetics, 295 laboratory selection, 297 Cpm 1, 297, 297fF, 298fF GEO mosquito midgut, 297 mechanisms, 295 strain comparisons, 283, 284tT strain 2297, 285fF Mosquitos African malarial see Anopheles gambiae bite reduction, 294 Cry toxins applications, 268 house see Culex pipiens Motor neurons sodium channel blockers, 41fF MTI 800, 7fF mtx1 toxins, 292–293 mtx-like toxins, 249–250 mtx toxins, 288 mode of action, 292 P70 component, 293, 293fF Multiple synergistic toxins, 353 Murcor (Mucorales), 390 Muristerone A comformational changes, 128–129 nonsteroidal ecdysone agonist, 143 Musca domestica chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSI) resistance, 165 control agents, inoculative, 417 entomopathogenic fungi, 409 insecticide resistance indoxacarb, 52–53 neonicotinoids, 97 spinosads, 234tT spinosyns, 232 juvenile hormone analog insecticide, 155tT neonicotinoid insecticides, 62 pyrethroids commercial development, 2 metabolic pathways, 15–16 spinosyns, mode of action, 222fF Musca, mannich adducts, 79
464 Subject Index Muscle(s) sodium channel blocker insecticides (SCBIs), 49 Mycelia, dried, entomopathogenic fungi, 412 Myriophagus (Chytridiales), 389 Myzus ascalonicus, 397 Myzus, indoxacarb, 50 metabolism, 38 Myzus ornatus, 397 Myzus persicae, 81fF azadirachtin effects, 194–195 imidacloprid susceptability, 96tT insecticide resistance azadirachtin, 191–192 management, 22–23 negative cross-resistance, 23–24 neonicotinoids, 95–96, 98 pyrethroids, 17 neonicotinoid insecticides, 83 radioligand binding studies, 86 selectivity, insect over vertebrate, 84 N Neem insecticides, 186, 187, 190 advantages, 190 analysis, 188 integrated crop management systems, 190 integrated pest management, 191 isolation, 188 meliaceaea, 187–188 minor products, 189fF persistence, 189 phytotoxicity, 191 problems, 190 products, 190 regulatory issues, 190 resistance, 191 stability, 189 degradability, 190 systemic action, 192 toxicity, nontarget organisms, 191 triterpenoid, 187–188 see also Azadirachtin; Azadirachtols Negative cross-resistance (allosteric antagonism) cirumventing resistance, 23–24 Neonicotinoid insecticides, 61–113, 114–119 acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP), 114, 115 bioisosteric segments, 72 heterocyclic N-substituents, isosteric alternatives, 73, 74fF pharmacophores, 73 nAChR recognition site, 73–74 structure-activity relationship analyses, 73–74 ring system vs. noncyclic structure, 72 atom-based alignment, 72–73 Fuki functions, 73, 74fF quasi cyclic conformation, 72 biological activity, 80 cereals, 82 chemical classification, 66tT cotton, 82 efficacy, target pests, 80 barley yellow dwarf virus (BYCV), 80 foliar application, 83 formulations of, 116–117 history, 62 integrated pest management (IPM) programs, 81 metabolism, 87 mode of action, 83 central nervous system (CNS), 83–84 market share, 104tT nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) interactions, 61, 84, 114 neuron preparations, 84, 85fF radioligand binding studies, 86 selectivity, insect over vertebrate, 84 N-nitro group of, 115 nonagricultural fields, application, 99 imidacloprid see Imidacloprid veterinary medicinal product, 100 pharmacokinetics, 87 pharmacology, 90 resistance, 95, 116 activity, 95 cross-resistance, 96–97 management, 99 European Plant Protection Organization (EPPO), 99 mechanism, 97 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid, 98–99 cuticular wax composition, 97 esterase overproduction, 98 metabolic degradation, 97 piperonyl butoxide, 98–99 rice, 81 nursery box application, 81 safety profile, 91 environmental fate, 91 accumulation, 91–94 degradation, 91–94 mineralization rates, 94 toxicity exposure ratio, 94 mammalian toxicity, 91 seed treatment, 83 soil application, 83 subtype selectivity, 115 structure, 64, 64fF noncyclic structures, 70 pharmacophore, 64–65 physicochemistry, 75, 76tT proneonicotinoids, 78 active metabolites, 80 mannich adducts see Mannich adducts ring cleavage, 78 ring systems, 65 1-[(6-Chloro-3-pyridinyl)-methyl]- N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine see Imidacloprid thiacloprid see Thiacloprid thiamthoxam see Thiamethoxam toxicity values, 230tT toxicology, 90 vegetables, 82 Neozygites, 390 Neozygites floridana biocontrol, classical, 418 spore production (on host), 403 Neozygites fresenii dispersal, 404 epigeal environment, 409 Neozygites parvispora, 410 Nephotettix cincticeps juvenile hormone analog insecticides, 152tT neonicotinoid insecticides history, 62 radioligand binding studies, 86 rice, 81–82 nitenpyram, 70 Nephotettix, indoxacarb, 50 metabolism, 38 Nervous system development spontaneous activity, sodium channel blockers, 40 Neurocolpus nubilis, 82 Neuroendocrine system azadirachtin effects, 193 ecdysis see Ecdysis, neuroendocrine regulation Nezara viridula, 194 Nicotiana clevelandii, 192 Nicotine mode of action, 67fF Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) spinosyns, mode of action, 114, 224, 226fF Nicotinic receptor activation, 223 spinosyns, mode of action, 223 spinosyn target site, 223 Nilaparavata, indoxacarb, 50 bioactivation, 38 Nilaparvata lugens chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSI), mode of action, buprofezin, 161–162 insecticide resistance neonicotinoid insecticides, 97 juvenile hormone analog insecticide, 155tT neonicotinoid insecticides, rice, 81–82 Nimbin, structure, 187fF Nitenpyram, 70 binding site properties, prediction, 73fF brown planthopper, 70 chemical classification, 66tT conformation, stable, 73fF environmental profile, 93tT green leafhoppper, 70 metabolic pathway, 89 metabolites, 89 soil persistence, 89 physicochemistry properties, 76tT, 78
Page 2 and 3:
INSECT CONTROL BIOLOGICAL AND SYNTH
Page 4 and 5:
INSECT CONTROL BIOLOGICAL AND SYNTH
Page 6 and 7:
CONTENTS Preface vii Contributors i
Page 8 and 9:
PREFACE When Elsevier published the
Page 10 and 11:
J T Andaloro E. I. Du Pont de Nemou
Page 12 and 13:
1 Pyrethroids B P S Khambay and P J
Page 14 and 15:
activity. In contrast to most other
Page 16 and 17:
Figure 1 Commercial and novel pyret
Page 18 and 19:
Figure 2 Pyrethroids referred to in
Page 20 and 21:
4-position result in almost complet
Page 22 and 23:
and their primary site of action is
Page 24 and 25:
Figure 4 Folded and extended confor
Page 26 and 27:
aromatic rings or methyl groups by
Page 28 and 29:
pyrethroids) and consequently a sec
Page 30 and 31:
1998), although the precise mechani
Page 32 and 33:
polymorphisms in the protein. Of th
Page 34 and 35:
observed resistance to pyrethroids,
Page 36 and 37:
propoxur against Culex quinquefasci
Page 38 and 39:
esistance in house fly. Insect Bioc
Page 40 and 41:
Shan, G.M., Hammock, B.D., 2001. De
Page 42 and 43:
A1.4. Resistance The increasing num
Page 44 and 45:
B A IIS4-S5 linker, IIS5 helix and
Page 46 and 47:
2 Indoxacarb and the Sodium Channel
Page 48 and 49:
Figure 2 Structures of pyrazoline-l
Page 50 and 51:
observed that both indoxacarb and i
Page 52 and 53:
deflections resulting from stresses
Page 54 and 55:
Figure 8 Dihydropyrazole block appe
Page 56 and 57:
potential conduction in the CNS of
Page 58 and 59:
known to affect blocker affinity, w
Page 60 and 61:
Figure 13 Diagrammatic representati
Page 62 and 63:
that the probable mechanism of ovil
Page 64 and 65:
conventional chemistries and spinos
Page 66 and 67:
Clare, J.J., Tate, S.N., Nobbs, M.,
Page 68 and 69:
Tsurubuchi, Y., Karasawa, A., Nagat
Page 70 and 71:
R1 N N O N H indoxacarb. Thus, whil
Page 72 and 73:
3 Neonicotinoid Insecticides P Jesc
Page 74 and 75:
esidues, like the pyrid-3-ylmethyl
Page 76 and 77:
containing neonicotinoids, and neon
Page 78 and 79:
Studies were also done using compar
Page 80 and 81:
Becke, 1988; Klamt, 1995) level of
Page 82 and 83:
sampling using forcefield methods (
Page 84 and 85:
Figure 9 Stable conformations and p
Page 86 and 87:
Figure 13 Binding to putative catio
Page 88 and 89:
Figure 14 Systemicity of neonicotin
Page 90 and 91:
site (Kayser et al., 2002). Clothia
Page 92 and 93:
Figure 20 Important pest insects ta
Page 94 and 95:
Barley yellow dwarf virus vectors s
Page 96 and 97:
investigate the mode of action of n
Page 98 and 99:
within the desensitized state over
Page 100 and 101:
the accumulation of this acid in th
Page 102 and 103:
3.8.1. Safety Profile The introduct
Page 104 and 105:
Table 7 Environmental profile of co
Page 106 and 107:
substance is bound irreversibly to
Page 108 and 109:
imidacloprid conferring a high leve
Page 110 and 111:
nAChR are comparable to the efficac
Page 112 and 113:
Figure 25 Flea control achieved wit
Page 114 and 115:
and the resolution of FAD was teste
Page 116 and 117:
Brown, J.K., Perring, T.M., Cooper,
Page 118 and 119:
In: Ishaaya, I. (Ed.), Biochemical
Page 120 and 121:
Léna, C., Changeux, J.-P., 1993. A
Page 122 and 123:
patterns in Colorado potato beetle
Page 124 and 125:
nach Saatgutbeizung. Pflanzenschutz
Page 126 and 127:
Today, photoaffinity labeling (e.g.
Page 128 and 129:
for control of stinkbugs in soybean
Page 130 and 131:
Biochem. Physiol., doi: 10.1016/j.p
Page 132 and 133:
4 Insect Growth- and Development-Di
Page 134 and 135:
The molting process is initiated by
Page 136 and 137:
Table 1 Bisacylhydrazine insecticid
Page 138 and 139:
4.2.2. Bisacylhydrazines as Tools o
Page 140 and 141:
to the three EcRs with either muris
Page 142 and 143:
of action of ecdysone agonists was
Page 144 and 145:
thus inducing effects and symptomol
Page 146 and 147:
and microsomes. Subsequently, Willi
Page 148 and 149:
dipteran insects, like the midge, C
Page 150 and 151:
eetle (Exomala orientalis) when app
Page 152 and 153:
metabolic fate studies showed the i
Page 154 and 155:
y specific proteins in signaling pa
Page 156 and 157:
their reduced risk for the environm
Page 158 and 159:
can be reversed by applying JH. JH
Page 160 and 161:
door for a more rational approach t
Page 162 and 163:
apparent that it was a bHLH-PAS and
Page 164 and 165:
Table 9 Continued Bemisia tabaci (s
Page 166 and 167:
Table 11 Insect control with some a
Page 168 and 169:
Table 13 Ecotoxicological profile o
Page 170 and 171:
Flucycloxuron Nonsystemic acaricide
Page 172 and 173:
The discovery of diflubenzuron spaw
Page 174 and 175:
Table 15 Environmental effects of s
Page 176 and 177:
ecessive (R male S female) manner,
Page 178 and 179:
esistance management programs due t
Page 180 and 181:
IPS Paraconfusus lanier (Coleoptera
Page 182 and 183:
larvae parasitized by Microplitis r
Page 184 and 185:
Kostyukovsky, M., Chen, B., Atsmi,
Page 186 and 187:
Three-dimensional quantitative stru
Page 188 and 189:
Riddiford, L.M., 1994. Cellular and
Page 190 and 191:
characterization of resistant clone
Page 192 and 193:
Biological Approaches to Pest Contr
Page 194 and 195:
M389 L308 M272 T304 T393 V404 L420
Page 196 and 197:
5 Azadirachtin, a Natural Product i
Page 198 and 199:
and Hemiptera and was related to ef
Page 200 and 201:
eported, but this is rather nonspec
Page 202 and 203:
important source of pest control at
Page 204 and 205:
effects with physiological effects
Page 206 and 207:
eing associated with an accumulatio
Page 208 and 209:
et al., 1992). Salehzadeh et al. (2
Page 210 and 211:
ehavior of Spodoptera littoralis (p
Page 212 and 213:
indica A. Juss. IBH Publishing Comp
Page 214 and 215:
Smith, S.L., Mitchell, M.J., 1988.
Page 216 and 217:
which interact directly with azadir
Page 218 and 219:
6 The Spinosyns: Chemistry, Biochem
Page 220 and 221:
Table 1 Structures of the spinosyns
Page 222 and 223:
Table 2 Biological activity of spin
Page 224:
A large synthetic effort has gone i
Page 227 and 228:
216 6: The Spinosyns: Chemistry, Bi
Page 229 and 230:
Figure 4 Spinosad metabolism in avi
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
A6 Addendum: The Spinosyns T C Spar
Page 257 and 258:
246 A6: Addendum Scott, 2008) and i
Page 259 and 260:
248 7: Bacillus thuringiensis: Mech
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
A7 Addendum: Bacillus thuringiensis
Page 291 and 292:
280 A7: Addendum toxins is magnitud
Page 293 and 294:
This page intentionally left blank
Page 295 and 296:
Table 1 Comparative properties of s
Page 297 and 298:
286 8: Mosquitocidal B. sphaericus:
Page 299 and 300:
Page 301 and 302:
Page 303 and 304:
Page 305 and 306:
Page 307 and 308:
Table 4 Characteristics of various
Page 309 and 310:
Page 311 and 312:
Page 313 and 314:
Page 315 and 316:
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
A8 Addendum: Bacillus sphaericus Ta
Page 321 and 322:
310 A8: Addendum essential to devel
Page 323 and 324:
Page 325 and 326:
314 9: Insecticidal Toxins from Pho
Page 327 and 328:
Page 329 and 330:
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Page 339 and 340:
A9 Addendum: Recent Advances in Pho
Page 341 and 342:
330 A9: Addendum Lee, S.C., Stoilov
Page 343 and 344:
332 10: Genetically Modified Baculo
Page 345 and 346:
Page 347 and 348:
Page 349 and 350:
Page 351 and 352:
Page 353 and 354:
Page 355 and 356:
Page 357 and 358:
Page 359 and 360:
Page 361 and 362:
Page 363 and 364:
Page 365 and 366:
Page 367 and 368:
Page 369 and 370:
Page 371 and 372:
Page 373 and 374:
Page 375 and 376:
Page 377 and 378:
Page 379 and 380:
Page 381 and 382:
Page 383 and 384:
Page 385 and 386:
Page 387 and 388:
Page 389 and 390:
Page 391 and 392:
Page 393 and 394:
Page 395 and 396:
384 A10: Addendum cysteine protease
Page 397 and 398:
Page 399 and 400:
388 11: Entomopathogenic Fungi and
Page 401 and 402:
Page 403 and 404:
Page 405 and 406:
Page 407 and 408:
Page 409 and 410:
Page 411 and 412:
Page 413 and 414:
Page 415 and 416:
Page 417 and 418:
Page 419 and 420:
Page 421 and 422:
Page 423 and 424: 412 11: Entomopathogenic Fungi and
Page 443 and 444: Zare, R., Gams, W., Culham, A., 200
Page 445 and 446: 434 A11: Addendum although a number
Page 447 and 448: 436 A11: Addendum Examination of ge
Page 449 and 450: This page intentionally left blank
Page 451 and 452: 440 12: Insect Transformation for U
Page 459 and 460: 448 A12: Addendum genetic transform
Page 461 and 462: This page intentionally left blank
Page 463 and 464: 452 Subject Index Aphis gossypii (c
Page 465 and 466: 454 Subject Index Bisacylhydrazine
Page 467 and 468: 456 Subject Index Cry toxins (conti
Page 469 and 470: 458 Subject Index Entomopathogenic
Page 471 and 472: 460 Subject Index Homoptera molting
Page 473: 462 Subject Index Kinoprene (ENSTAR
Page 477 and 478: 466 Subject Index Photorhabdus (con
Page 479 and 480: 468 Subject Index Sodium channel bl
Page 481: 470 Subject Index Toxocara cati, im
show all

Insect Control: Biological and Synthetic Agents - Index of

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?