Insect Control: Biological and Synthetic Agents - Index of

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structure-activity relationship (SAR), 161 tefubenzuron, 158tT triflumuron, 158tT Chlorfluazuron, 158tT [3-(6-Chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl-2thiazolidinylidene]-cyanamidine see Thiacloprid (E)-N-[(6-Chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N 0 - cyano-N-methyl-ethanimidamide see Acetamiprid N-[(6-Chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-Nethyl-N 0 -methyl-2-nitro-1, 1-ethenediamine see Nitenpyram 1-[(6-Chloro-3-pyridinyl)-methyl]-Nnitro-2-imidazolidinimine see Imidacloprid 2-Chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine (CCMP), 65 (E)-N-[(2-Chloro-5-thiazolyl)methyl]- N 0 -methyl-N 00 -nitroguanidine see Clothianidin Chlothianidin degradation, 94–95 physicochemistry properties, 76tT Choristoneura fumiferana chitin, 340 insecticides, growth disruption bisacylhydrazine, mode of action, 131 commercial products, activity spectrum, 139 resistance, 140–141 juvenile hormone esterase baculovirus, 335–336 nonsteroidal ecdysone agonist, 144 Choristoneura rosaceana azadirachtin, 191 indoxacarb insecticide resistance, 53 metabolism, 39 insecticides, growth disruption, 139–140 juvenile hormone analog insecticides, 152tT spinosad cross-resistance, 234tT Chromofenozide, 123fF, 125tT Chromosomes puffing, 135–136 Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium, 1 Chrysomphalus aonidum, 151–153 Chrysoperla carnea, pyrethroids metabolic pathways, 15–16 metabolic resistance, 17 Chrysoperla rufilabris, 156tT Chysoperla carnea (green lacewing), 363 Chytridiomycota, 389 Clostridium difficile, 319–320 Clostridium perfringens, 288–289 Clothianidin, 70 chemical classification, 66tT conformational analysis, 70–71 environmental profile, 93tT Fuki functions, 74fF metabolic pathway, 90 reaction, 90 physicochemistry properties, 78 structure, 62 toxicological properties, 92tT X-ray structure analysis, 70–71 CM-001, 123fF, 125tT c-MYC, baculovirus insect control, 340–341 CNI TM (chloronicotinyl insecticides), 64 Coccinella septempunctata interactions, natural enemies, 407 Codling moth see Cydia pomonella Coelomomyces aquatic environment, 410 phylum chytridiomycota, 389 toxin production, 401 zoospores, 406 Coelomomyces opifexi aquatic environment, 410 host range, 397 Coenosia testaceae, 392fF Coleomegilla maculata, 363 Coleomera lanio, 406 Coleoptera molting hormone, 124 ColorBtrus, 346 Colpoclypeus florus, 151–153 Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) imidacloprid, 65–67 Conidia dispersal, 404 production, mass, 412 settling, aquatic environment, 411 Conidiobolus, 390 Conidiobolus coronatus virulence, 398 Conidiobolus obscurus, 406, 412 Control agents inoculative, 417 insect, 230tT inundative, 411 Copidosoma floridanum juvenile hormone analog insecticide, 156tT Cordycepoioideus, 391fF Cordyceps dispersal, 404–405 entomopathogenic fungi, 391 soil environment, 410 Cordyceps militaris, 391fF Cordyceps robertsii, 388 Corn earworm see Helicoverpa zea Corn rootworm see Diabrotica balteata Corpora allata (CA) juvenile hormone analog, 145 see also Juvenile hormone Costelytra zealandica host range, 397–398 toxin complex (tc) genes, 317 Cotesia marginiventris, 51 Cotesia plutellae, 407 Subject Index 455 Cotton baculovirus insect control, 367 neonicotinoid insecticides, 82 Cotton aphid see Aphis gossypii Cotton bollworm see Helicoverpa armigera Cpm1 (Culex pipiens maltase 1) toxins Bin toxin receptor identification, 291–292 mosquitocidal Bacillus sphaericus resistance, 297, 297fF, 298fF Crayfish see Procambarus clarkii Cricket see Gryllus bimaculatus; Teleogryllus oceanicus Cross-resistance spinosyns resistance mechanisms, 232, 234tT Cry1Ac toxins, resistance line (YHD2), 267 Bacillus thuringiensis, 268 Cry1A toxins, 258fF, 278, 279fF Cry1B toxins, three-domain toxins, evolution, 254–255 Cry1 toxins, 263 Cry4B toxins, 258 Cry5B toxins, resistance lines, 268 Cry11aa toxins, 279 Cry11A toxins, 258 cry gene, 265–266 Cry proteins, 248–249 Bacillus thuringiensis, 248–249 binary-like toxins, 249–250 denograms, 252fF mtx-like toxins, 249–250 Crystal toxins, 286, 286fF 2362 strain, 286–287 artificial lipid membrane permeabilization, 291 large unilamellar phospholipid vesicles (LUVs), 291 planer lipid bilayers (PLBs), 291 Bin see Bin brush border membrane binding, 290 BinA, 290 BinB, 290 cytopathology, 290 mode of action, 289 mosquitocidal Bacillus sphaericus, 300 physiological effects, 290 Cry toxins, 247 applications, 268 blackfly control, 268 forestry, 268 mosquito control, 268 China, Hubei Province, 269 Germany, Upper Rhine Valley, 268–269 transgenic crops, 269 Bacillus sphaericus taxonomy and genetics, 308–309 Bacillus thuringiensis, 247, 269 mosquitocidal toxin synergism, 264–265 Cry11aa, 279
456 Subject Index Cry toxins (continued) mode of action, 263–264, 264fF, 278, 279fF mosquitocidal toxin synergism, 264–265 proteins, 279 three-domain, 255 epitopes, receptor binding, 260 cadherin-like receptor, 260 cadherin receptor (Bt-R 1), 261fF lytic pore formation, 260 epitopes, toxin binding, 258 phylogenetic relationship, 258–259 site-directed mutagenesis studies, 258–259 intoxication syndrome, 255 mode of action, 255 pore formation, 262 channel formation, 263 channel selectivity, 263 mode of action, 263–264, 264fF proteolytic activation, 256 N-terminal end processing, 256 receptor identification, 256 APN receptor, 256–257 Cry1A, 258fF Cry4B, 258 Cry11A, 258 ectodomain, 256–257 glycosylation, 258 solubilization, 256 toxin insertion, 262 calorimetric determinations, 262 umbrella model, 262 toxin–receptor binding function, 261 APN receptors, 261–262 proteolytic activation, 261 Ctenocephalides felis juvenile hormone analog insecticide, 154tT neonicotinoid insecticides (nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) interactions), 86 Ctenocephalides felis felis, 103 Culex pipiens Bacillus sphaericus resistance, 295 Bacillus thuringiensis, pyrethroids, target-site resistance, 20 brush border membrane fractions (BBMF), 290–291 crystal toxin receptor binding, 291fF insecticide resistance mosquitocidal Bacillus sphaericus, 296tT juvenile hormone analog insecticide, 154tT Culex pipiens pallens juvenile hormone analog insecticide, 154tT Culex quinquefasciatus Bacillus sphaericus resistance, 295 crystal toxin effects, 290 receptor binding, 290, 290fF insecticide resistance mosquitocidal Bacillus sphaericus, 296tT mechanism, 298 juvenile hormone analog insecticide, 154tT mtx1 toxins mode of action, 292–293 Culicide larvae, bin toxin receptors, 309 Culicinomyces, 391–392 Culicinomyces clavisporus aquatic environment, 410 host range, 397–398 production, mass, 412 spore production (on host), 403, 404 Culicoides pinus, 139 Culicoides punctaus, 410–411 Cuticle pyrethroid penetration, 19 wax composition, 97 2-(Cyanoimino)-thiazolidine (CIT), 68 Cyclodepsipeptides, 400 Cycloprothrin, 5fF Cydia, 50 Cydia latiferreana, 139 Cydia pomonella chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSI) resistance, 164 growth disruption insecticides, 139 indoxacarb effects, 50–51 insecticide resistance growth disruption insecticides, 140–141 juvenile hormone analog insecticides, 152tT Cyfluthrin, 3 Cyhalothrin, 5fF isomer mixtures, 6tT Cypermethrin, 5fF insect selective toxin genes, 354–355 isomer mixtures, 6tT Cyromazine, 158tT Cystosporogenes deliaradicae, 407 Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, 18 Cytokinesis azadirachtin effects, 195–196 Cytolytic toxins, 346 Cyt toxins, 248–249, 250 Bacillus thuringiensis, 247, 248–249, 250 insertion mechanism, 264–265 membrane perturbation, 264–265 mode of action, 264–265 synthesis, 250 D DA26 gene, 349 Dacryhainsterone, 129–130, 129fF Dacus dorsalis, 152tT Damson-hop aphid see Phorodon humuli Daphnia neonicotinoid insecticides, 94 Daphnia pulex, 156tT Dasyneura pudibuna, 391fF DCJW action, indoxacarb effects, 49, 49tT, 58–59 DCMP (N-decarbomethoxylated DPX-MP062), 39 DD see Arrhythmicity (constant darkness DD) DDT insect selective toxin genes, 354–355 toxicity values, 230tT N-Decarbomethoxylated DPX-MP062 (DCMP), 39 Delia radicum killed by Beauveria bassiana, 390fF Strongwellsea castran infection, 393fF Deltamethrin, 5fF Depressant toxins scorpion toxins, 341–342 Desacetylnimbin, 187fF Desacetylsalannin, 187fF Desert locust see Schistocerca gregaria Destruxin, 401 Deuteromycota, 388–389 Diabrotica balteata neonicotinoid insecticides, 83 pyrethroids, 3 Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Photorhabdus, insecticidal toxins, 314 Diadegma, 191 Diadegma semiclausum, parasitoid interactions, 407 Diamondback moth see Plutella xylostella DIANEX Õ see Methoprene Diatraea grandiosella insecticides, growth disruption, 139 Di-chloro-di-benzoylhydrazine, 123fF Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) see DDT 3-(2,2-Dichlorovinyl)-2,2dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid (DCVA), 15fF Difubenzuron, 158tT Diguetia canities DTX9.2 gene, 346 Dihalopropenyl aryl ethers, toxicity values, 230tT Dihydropyrazoles see Pyrazolines (dihydropyrazoles) Dinotefuran, 71 activity, 71 chemical classification, 66tT environmental profile, 93tT Fuki functions, 74fF inhibition potencies, 71tT physicochemistry properties, 76tT structural factors, 71–72 structure, 62 structure-activity relationship (SAR), 71–72 toxicological properties, 92tT see also Neonicotinoid insecticides Diploptera punctata juvenile hormone analog insecticide, 155tT
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INSECT CONTROL BIOLOGICAL AND SYNTH
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INSECT CONTROL BIOLOGICAL AND SYNTH
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CONTENTS Preface vii Contributors i
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PREFACE When Elsevier published the
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J T Andaloro E. I. Du Pont de Nemou
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1 Pyrethroids B P S Khambay and P J
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activity. In contrast to most other
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Figure 1 Commercial and novel pyret
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Figure 2 Pyrethroids referred to in
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4-position result in almost complet
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and their primary site of action is
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Figure 4 Folded and extended confor
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aromatic rings or methyl groups by
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pyrethroids) and consequently a sec
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1998), although the precise mechani
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polymorphisms in the protein. Of th
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observed resistance to pyrethroids,
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propoxur against Culex quinquefasci
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esistance in house fly. Insect Bioc
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Shan, G.M., Hammock, B.D., 2001. De
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A1.4. Resistance The increasing num
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B A IIS4-S5 linker, IIS5 helix and
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2 Indoxacarb and the Sodium Channel
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Figure 2 Structures of pyrazoline-l
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observed that both indoxacarb and i
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deflections resulting from stresses
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Figure 8 Dihydropyrazole block appe
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potential conduction in the CNS of
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known to affect blocker affinity, w
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Figure 13 Diagrammatic representati
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that the probable mechanism of ovil
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conventional chemistries and spinos
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Clare, J.J., Tate, S.N., Nobbs, M.,
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Tsurubuchi, Y., Karasawa, A., Nagat
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R1 N N O N H indoxacarb. Thus, whil
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3 Neonicotinoid Insecticides P Jesc
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esidues, like the pyrid-3-ylmethyl
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containing neonicotinoids, and neon
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Studies were also done using compar
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Becke, 1988; Klamt, 1995) level of
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sampling using forcefield methods (
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Figure 9 Stable conformations and p
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Figure 13 Binding to putative catio
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Figure 14 Systemicity of neonicotin
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site (Kayser et al., 2002). Clothia
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Figure 20 Important pest insects ta
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Barley yellow dwarf virus vectors s
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investigate the mode of action of n
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within the desensitized state over
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the accumulation of this acid in th
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3.8.1. Safety Profile The introduct
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Table 7 Environmental profile of co
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substance is bound irreversibly to
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imidacloprid conferring a high leve
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nAChR are comparable to the efficac
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Figure 25 Flea control achieved wit
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and the resolution of FAD was teste
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Brown, J.K., Perring, T.M., Cooper,
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In: Ishaaya, I. (Ed.), Biochemical
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Léna, C., Changeux, J.-P., 1993. A
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patterns in Colorado potato beetle
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nach Saatgutbeizung. Pflanzenschutz
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Today, photoaffinity labeling (e.g.
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for control of stinkbugs in soybean
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Biochem. Physiol., doi: 10.1016/j.p
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4 Insect Growth- and Development-Di
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The molting process is initiated by
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Table 1 Bisacylhydrazine insecticid
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4.2.2. Bisacylhydrazines as Tools o
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to the three EcRs with either muris
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of action of ecdysone agonists was
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thus inducing effects and symptomol
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and microsomes. Subsequently, Willi
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dipteran insects, like the midge, C
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eetle (Exomala orientalis) when app
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metabolic fate studies showed the i
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y specific proteins in signaling pa
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their reduced risk for the environm
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can be reversed by applying JH. JH
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door for a more rational approach t
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apparent that it was a bHLH-PAS and
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Table 9 Continued Bemisia tabaci (s
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Table 11 Insect control with some a
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Table 13 Ecotoxicological profile o
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Flucycloxuron Nonsystemic acaricide
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The discovery of diflubenzuron spaw
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Table 15 Environmental effects of s
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ecessive (R male S female) manner,
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esistance management programs due t
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IPS Paraconfusus lanier (Coleoptera
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larvae parasitized by Microplitis r
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Kostyukovsky, M., Chen, B., Atsmi,
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Three-dimensional quantitative stru
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Riddiford, L.M., 1994. Cellular and
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characterization of resistant clone
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Biological Approaches to Pest Contr
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M389 L308 M272 T304 T393 V404 L420
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5 Azadirachtin, a Natural Product i
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and Hemiptera and was related to ef
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eported, but this is rather nonspec
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important source of pest control at
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effects with physiological effects
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eing associated with an accumulatio
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et al., 1992). Salehzadeh et al. (2
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ehavior of Spodoptera littoralis (p
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indica A. Juss. IBH Publishing Comp
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Smith, S.L., Mitchell, M.J., 1988.
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which interact directly with azadir
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6 The Spinosyns: Chemistry, Biochem
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Table 1 Structures of the spinosyns
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Table 2 Biological activity of spin
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A large synthetic effort has gone i
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216 6: The Spinosyns: Chemistry, Bi
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Figure 4 Spinosad metabolism in avi
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A6 Addendum: The Spinosyns T C Spar
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246 A6: Addendum Scott, 2008) and i
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248 7: Bacillus thuringiensis: Mech
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A7 Addendum: Bacillus thuringiensis
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280 A7: Addendum toxins is magnitud
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Table 1 Comparative properties of s
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286 8: Mosquitocidal B. sphaericus:
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Table 4 Characteristics of various
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A8 Addendum: Bacillus sphaericus Ta
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310 A8: Addendum essential to devel
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314 9: Insecticidal Toxins from Pho
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A9 Addendum: Recent Advances in Pho
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330 A9: Addendum Lee, S.C., Stoilov
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332 10: Genetically Modified Baculo
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384 A10: Addendum cysteine protease
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388 11: Entomopathogenic Fungi and
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Page 415 and 416: 404 11: Entomopathogenic Fungi and
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Page 463 and 464: 452 Subject Index Aphis gossypii (c
Page 465: 454 Subject Index Bisacylhydrazine
Page 469 and 470: 458 Subject Index Entomopathogenic
Page 471 and 472: 460 Subject Index Homoptera molting
Page 473 and 474: 462 Subject Index Kinoprene (ENSTAR
Page 475 and 476: 464 Subject Index Muscle(s) sodium
Page 477 and 478: 466 Subject Index Photorhabdus (con
Page 479 and 480: 468 Subject Index Sodium channel bl
Page 481: 470 Subject Index Toxocara cati, im
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