Genetically Modified Mosquitoes. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 149–161. Cary, L.C., Goebel, M., Corsaro, B.G., Wang, H.G., Rosen, E., et al., 1989. Transposon mutagenesis <strong>of</strong> baculoviruses: analysis <strong>of</strong> Trichoplusia ni transposon IFP2 insertions within the FP-locus <strong>of</strong> nuclear polyhedrosis viruses. Virology 172, 156–169. Catteruccia, F., Godfray, H.C., Crisanti, A., 2003. Impact <strong>of</strong> genetic manipulation on the fitness <strong>of</strong> Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. Science 299, 1225–1227. Christophides, G.K., Livadaras, I., Savakis, C., Komitopoulou, K., 2000. Two medfly promoters that have originated by recent gene duplication drive distinct sex, tissue <strong>and</strong> temporal expression patterns. Genetics 156, 173–182. Eanes, W.F., Wesley, C., Hey, J., Houle, D., Ajioka, J.W., 1988. The fitness consequences <strong>of</strong> P element insertion in Drosophila melanogaster. Genet. Res. 52, 17–26. Franz, G., Loukeris, T.G., Dialektaki, G., Thompson, C.R., Savakis, C., 1994. Mobile Minos elements from Drosophila hydei encode a two-exon transposase with similarity to the paired DNA-binding domain. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 91, 4746–4750. Guimond, N.D., Bideshi, D.K., Pinkerton, A.C., Atkinson, P.W., O’Brochta, D.A., 2003. Patterns <strong>of</strong> Hermes element transposition in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol. Gen. Genom. 268, 779–790. H<strong>and</strong>ler, A.M., 2002. Prospects for using genetic transformation for improved SIT <strong>and</strong> new biocontrol methods. Genetica 116, 137–149. Heinrich, J.C., Scott, M.J., 2000. A repressible femalespecific lethal genetic system for making transgenic strains suitable for a sterile-release program. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 8229–8232. Hendrichs, J., 2000. Use <strong>of</strong> the Sterile <strong>Insect</strong> Technique against key insect pests. Sust. Devel. Int. 2, 75–79. Imamura, M., Nakai, J., Inoue, S., Quan, G.X., K<strong>and</strong>a, T., et al., 2003. Targeted gene expression using the GAL4/ UAS system in the silkworm Bombyx mori. Genetics 165, 1329–1340. Irvin, N., Hoddle, M.S., O’Brochta, D.A., Carey, B., Atkinson, P.W., 2004. Assessing fitness costs for transgenic Aedes aegytpi expressing the green fluorescent protein marker <strong>and</strong> transposase genes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 891–896. Ito, J., Ghosh, A., Moreira, L.A., Wimmer, E.A., Jacobs- Lorena, M., 2002. Transgenic anopheline mosquitoes impaired in transmission <strong>of</strong> a malaria parasite. Nature 417, 387–388. Kidwell, M.G., Ribeiro, J.M.C., 1992. Can transposable elements be used to drive refractoriness genes into vector populations? Parasitol. Today 8, 325–329. Kimura, K., Kidwell, M.G., 1994. Differences in P element population dynamics between the sibling species Drosophila melanogaster <strong>and</strong> Drosophila simulans. Genet. Res. 63, 27–38. Kokoza, V., Ahmed, A., Cho, W.L., Jasinskiene, N., James, A.A., et al., 2000. Engineering blood-meal activated systemic immunity in the yellow fever mosquito, 12: <strong>Insect</strong> Transformation for Use in <strong>Control</strong> 445 Aedes aegypti. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 9144–9149. Lehane, M.J., Atkinson, P.W., O’Brochta, D.A., 2000. Hermes-mediated genetic transformation <strong>of</strong> the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans. <strong>Insect</strong> Mol. Biol. 9, 531–538. Liao, G.C., Rehm, E.J., Rubin, G.M., 2000. Insertion site preferences <strong>of</strong> the P transposable element in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 3347–3451. Loukeris, T.G., Livadras, I., Arca, B., Zabalou, S., Savakis, C., 1995. Gene transfer into the Medfly, Ceratitis capitata, using a Drosophila hydei transposable element. Science 270, 2002–2005. Medhora, M., Maruyama, K., Hartl, D.L., 1991. Molecular <strong>and</strong> functional analysis <strong>of</strong> the mariner mutator element Mos1 in Drosophila. Genetics 128, 311–318. Michel, K., Stamenova, A., Pinkerton, A.C., Franz, G., Robinson, A.S., et al., 2001. Hermes-mediated germline transformation <strong>of</strong> the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata. <strong>Insect</strong> Mol. Biol. 10, 155–162. Miller, L.H., Sakai, R.K., Romans, P., Gwadz, R.W., Kant<strong>of</strong>f, P., et al., 1987. Stable integration <strong>and</strong> expression <strong>of</strong> a bacterial gene in the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Science 237, 779–781. Moreira, L.A., Ito, J., Ghosh, A., Devenport, M., Zieler, H., et al., 2002. Bee venom phosopholipase inhibits malaria parasite development in transgenic mosquitoes. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 40839–40843. National Research Council, 2002. Animal Biotechnology: Science-Based Concerns. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC. O’Brochta, D.A., Sethuraman, N., Wilson, R., Hice, R.H., Pinkerton, A.C., et al., 2003. Gene vector <strong>and</strong> transposable element behavior in mosquitoes. J. Exp. Biol. 206, 3823–3834. O’Brochta, D.A., Warren, W.D., Saville, K.J., Atkinson, P.W., 1996. Hermes, a functional non-drosophilid gene vector from Musca domestica. Genetics 142, 907–914. Peloquin, J.J., Thibault, S.T., Miller, T.A., 2000. Genetic transformation <strong>of</strong> the pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella with the piggyBac element. <strong>Insect</strong> Mol. Biol. 9, 323–333. Pew Initiative on Food <strong>and</strong> Biotechnology, 2004. ‘‘Bugs in the System? Issues in the Science <strong>and</strong> Regulation <strong>of</strong> Genetically Modified <strong>Insect</strong>s.’’ Washington, DC, pp. 109. Presnail, J.K., Hoy, M.A., 1992. Stable genetic transformation <strong>of</strong> a beneficial arthropod, Metaseiulus occidentalis (Acari: Phytoseiidae), by a microinjection technique. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 89, 7732–7736. Raymond, M., 1991. Worldwide migration <strong>of</strong> amplified insecticide resistance genes in mosquitoes. Nature 350, 151–153. Ribeiro, J.M., Kidwell, M.G., 1994. Transposable elements as population drive mechanisms: specification <strong>of</strong> critical parameter values. J. Med. Entomol. 31, 10–16. Robinson, A.S., 2002. Mutations <strong>and</strong> their use in insect control. Mutat. Res. 511, 113–132. Robinson, A.S., Franz, G., Atkinson, P.W., 2004. <strong>Insect</strong> transgenesis <strong>and</strong> its potential role in agriculture <strong>and</strong> human health. <strong>Insect</strong> Biochem. Mol. Biol. 34, 113–120.
446 12: <strong>Insect</strong> Transformation for Use in <strong>Control</strong> Robinson, A.S., Franz, G., 2000. The application <strong>of</strong> transgenic insect technology in the sterile insect technique. In: H<strong>and</strong>ler, A.M., James, A.A. (Eds.), <strong>Insect</strong> Transgenesis: Methods <strong>and</strong> Applications. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 307–318. Robinson, K.O., Ferguson, H.J., Cobey, S., Vassein, H., Smith, B.H., 2000. Sperm-mediated transformation <strong>of</strong> the honey bee, Apis mellifera. <strong>Insect</strong> Mol. Biol. 9, 625–634. Rowan, K.H., Orsetti, J., Atkinson, P.W., O’Brochta, D.A., 2004. Tn5 as an insect gene vector. <strong>Insect</strong> Biochem. Mol. Biol. 34, 695–705. Rubin, G.M., Spradling, A.C., 1982. Genetic transformation <strong>of</strong> Drosophila with transposable element vectors. Science 218, 348–353. Saccone, G., Pane, A., Polito, L.C., 2002. Sex determination in flies, fruitflies <strong>and</strong> butterflies. Genetica 116, 15–23. Schliekelman, P., Gould, F., 2000a. Pest control by the introduction <strong>of</strong> a conditonal lethal trait on multiple loci: potential, limitations, <strong>and</strong> optimal strategies. J. Econ. Entomol. 93, 1543–1565. Schliekelman, P., Gould, F., 2000b. Pest control by the release <strong>of</strong> insects carrying a female-killing allele on multiple loci. J. Econ. Entomol. 93, 1566–1579. Tamura, T., Thibert, C., Royer, C., K<strong>and</strong>a, T., Abraham, E., et al., 2000. Germline transformation <strong>of</strong> the silkworm Bombyx mori L. using a piggyBac transposon-derived vector. Nature Biotechnol. 18, 81–84. Thomas, D.D., Donnelly, C.A., Wood, R.J., Alphey, L.S., 2000. <strong>Insect</strong> population control using a dominant, repressible, lethal genetic system. Science 287, 2474–2476. Tiedje, J.M., Colwell, R.K., Grossman, Y.L., Hodson, R.E., Lenski, R.E., et al., 1989. The planned introduction <strong>of</strong> genetically engineered organisms: ecological considerations <strong>and</strong> recommendations. Ecology 70, 298–315. Warren, W.D., Atkinson, P.W., O’Brochta, D.A., 1994. The Hermes transposable element from the housefly, Musca domestica, is a short inverted repeat-type element <strong>of</strong> the hobo, Ac, <strong>and</strong> Tam3 (hAT) element family. Genet. Res. 64, 87–97. Whitten, M.J., 1985. The conceptual basis for genetic control. In: Kerkut, G.A., Gilbert, L.I. (Eds.), Comprehensive <strong>Insect</strong> Physiology, Biochemistry <strong>and</strong> Pharmacology, vol. 12. Pergamon, Oxford, pp. 465–528. Wilson, R., Orsetti, J., Klocko, A.K., Aluvihare, C., Peckham, E., et al., 2003. Post-integration behavior <strong>of</strong> a Mos1 mariner gene vector in Aedes aegypti. <strong>Insect</strong> Biochem. Mol. Biol. 33, 853–863. Wimmer, E.A., 2003. Innovations: applications <strong>of</strong> insect transgenesis. Nature Rev. Genet. 4, 225–232.
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INSECT CONTROL BIOLOGICAL AND SYNTH
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INSECT CONTROL BIOLOGICAL AND SYNTH
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CONTENTS Preface vii Contributors i
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PREFACE When Elsevier published the
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J T Andaloro E. I. Du Pont de Nemou
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1 Pyrethroids B P S Khambay and P J
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activity. In contrast to most other
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Figure 1 Commercial and novel pyret
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Figure 2 Pyrethroids referred to in
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4-position result in almost complet
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and their primary site of action is
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Figure 4 Folded and extended confor
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aromatic rings or methyl groups by
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pyrethroids) and consequently a sec
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1998), although the precise mechani
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polymorphisms in the protein. Of th
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observed resistance to pyrethroids,
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propoxur against Culex quinquefasci
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esistance in house fly. Insect Bioc
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Shan, G.M., Hammock, B.D., 2001. De
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A1.4. Resistance The increasing num
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B A IIS4-S5 linker, IIS5 helix and
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2 Indoxacarb and the Sodium Channel
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Figure 2 Structures of pyrazoline-l
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observed that both indoxacarb and i
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deflections resulting from stresses
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Figure 8 Dihydropyrazole block appe
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potential conduction in the CNS of
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known to affect blocker affinity, w
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Figure 13 Diagrammatic representati
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that the probable mechanism of ovil
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conventional chemistries and spinos
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Clare, J.J., Tate, S.N., Nobbs, M.,
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Tsurubuchi, Y., Karasawa, A., Nagat
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R1 N N O N H indoxacarb. Thus, whil
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3 Neonicotinoid Insecticides P Jesc
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esidues, like the pyrid-3-ylmethyl
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containing neonicotinoids, and neon
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Studies were also done using compar
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Becke, 1988; Klamt, 1995) level of
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sampling using forcefield methods (
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Figure 9 Stable conformations and p
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Figure 13 Binding to putative catio
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Figure 14 Systemicity of neonicotin
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site (Kayser et al., 2002). Clothia
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Figure 20 Important pest insects ta
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Barley yellow dwarf virus vectors s
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investigate the mode of action of n
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within the desensitized state over
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the accumulation of this acid in th
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3.8.1. Safety Profile The introduct
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Table 7 Environmental profile of co
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substance is bound irreversibly to
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imidacloprid conferring a high leve
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nAChR are comparable to the efficac
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Figure 25 Flea control achieved wit
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and the resolution of FAD was teste
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Brown, J.K., Perring, T.M., Cooper,
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In: Ishaaya, I. (Ed.), Biochemical
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Léna, C., Changeux, J.-P., 1993. A
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patterns in Colorado potato beetle
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nach Saatgutbeizung. Pflanzenschutz
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Today, photoaffinity labeling (e.g.
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for control of stinkbugs in soybean
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Biochem. Physiol., doi: 10.1016/j.p
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4 Insect Growth- and Development-Di
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The molting process is initiated by
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Table 1 Bisacylhydrazine insecticid
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4.2.2. Bisacylhydrazines as Tools o
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to the three EcRs with either muris
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of action of ecdysone agonists was
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thus inducing effects and symptomol
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and microsomes. Subsequently, Willi
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dipteran insects, like the midge, C
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eetle (Exomala orientalis) when app
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metabolic fate studies showed the i
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y specific proteins in signaling pa
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their reduced risk for the environm
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can be reversed by applying JH. JH
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door for a more rational approach t
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apparent that it was a bHLH-PAS and
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Table 9 Continued Bemisia tabaci (s
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Table 11 Insect control with some a
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Table 13 Ecotoxicological profile o
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Flucycloxuron Nonsystemic acaricide
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The discovery of diflubenzuron spaw
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Table 15 Environmental effects of s
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ecessive (R male S female) manner,
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esistance management programs due t
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IPS Paraconfusus lanier (Coleoptera
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larvae parasitized by Microplitis r
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Kostyukovsky, M., Chen, B., Atsmi,
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Three-dimensional quantitative stru
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Riddiford, L.M., 1994. Cellular and
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characterization of resistant clone
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Biological Approaches to Pest Contr
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M389 L308 M272 T304 T393 V404 L420
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5 Azadirachtin, a Natural Product i
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and Hemiptera and was related to ef
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eported, but this is rather nonspec
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important source of pest control at
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effects with physiological effects
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eing associated with an accumulatio
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et al., 1992). Salehzadeh et al. (2
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ehavior of Spodoptera littoralis (p
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indica A. Juss. IBH Publishing Comp
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Smith, S.L., Mitchell, M.J., 1988.
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which interact directly with azadir
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6 The Spinosyns: Chemistry, Biochem
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Table 1 Structures of the spinosyns
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Table 2 Biological activity of spin
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A large synthetic effort has gone i
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216 6: The Spinosyns: Chemistry, Bi
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Figure 4 Spinosad metabolism in avi
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220 6: The Spinosyns: Chemistry, Bi
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222 6: The Spinosyns: Chemistry, Bi
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224 6: The Spinosyns: Chemistry, Bi
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236 6: The Spinosyns: Chemistry, Bi
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238 6: The Spinosyns: Chemistry, Bi
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240 6: The Spinosyns: Chemistry, Bi
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242 6: The Spinosyns: Chemistry, Bi
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A6 Addendum: The Spinosyns T C Spar
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246 A6: Addendum Scott, 2008) and i
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248 7: Bacillus thuringiensis: Mech
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250 7: Bacillus thuringiensis: Mech
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252 7: Bacillus thuringiensis: Mech
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254 7: Bacillus thuringiensis: Mech
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256 7: Bacillus thuringiensis: Mech
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258 7: Bacillus thuringiensis: Mech
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274 7: Bacillus thuringiensis: Mech
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276 7: Bacillus thuringiensis: Mech
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A7 Addendum: Bacillus thuringiensis
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280 A7: Addendum toxins is magnitud
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Table 1 Comparative properties of s
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286 8: Mosquitocidal B. sphaericus:
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288 8: Mosquitocidal B. sphaericus:
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290 8: Mosquitocidal B. sphaericus:
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292 8: Mosquitocidal B. sphaericus:
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Table 4 Characteristics of various
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298 8: Mosquitocidal B. sphaericus:
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300 8: Mosquitocidal B. sphaericus:
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302 8: Mosquitocidal B. sphaericus:
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304 8: Mosquitocidal B. sphaericus:
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306 8: Mosquitocidal B. sphaericus:
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A8 Addendum: Bacillus sphaericus Ta
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310 A8: Addendum essential to devel
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314 9: Insecticidal Toxins from Pho
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316 9: Insecticidal Toxins from Pho
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318 9: Insecticidal Toxins from Pho
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320 9: Insecticidal Toxins from Pho
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322 9: Insecticidal Toxins from Pho
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324 9: Insecticidal Toxins from Pho
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326 9: Insecticidal Toxins from Pho
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A9 Addendum: Recent Advances in Pho
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330 A9: Addendum Lee, S.C., Stoilov
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332 10: Genetically Modified Baculo
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334 10: Genetically Modified Baculo
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336 10: Genetically Modified Baculo
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378 10: Genetically Modified Baculo
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382 10: Genetically Modified Baculo
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384 A10: Addendum cysteine protease
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- Page 463 and 464: 452 Subject Index Aphis gossypii (c
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