Insect Control: Biological and Synthetic Agents - Index of

esistance management programs due to their novel
and different modes of action. The bisacylhydrazine
insecticides are particularly attractive, due to their
selective insect toxicity and high degree of mammalian
and ecotoxicological reduced risk profiles.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Natalie Filion, CFS,
Ontario, Canada, and Karan Dhadialla, University
of Chicago, IL, USA, for sorting and typing the references
in the required format. TSD also expresses
his deep appreciation to Dow Agrociences LLC.,
Indianapolis, IN, USA (especially Drs. W. Kleshick
and S. Evans) for support and encouragement in
undertaking this writing. Part of the research was
supported by grants from Gerome Canada and the
Canadian Forest Service to AR and colleagues. GS
also acknowledges the Fund for Scientific Research
Flanders (FWO, Brussels, Belgium).
References
Adcock, G.J., Batterham, P., Kelly, L.E., McKenzie, J.A.,
1993. Cyromazine resistance in Drosophila melanogaster
(Diptera, Drosophilidae) generated by ethyl
methanesulfonate mutagenesis. J. Econ. Entomol. 86,
1001–1008.
Aliniazee, M.T., Arshad, M., 1998. Susceptibility of
immature stages of the obliqued banded leafroller,
Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to
fenoxycarb. J. Entomol. Soc. Br. Columbia 95, 59–63.
Allgood, V.E., Eastman, E.M., 1997. Chimeric receptors
as gene switches. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 8, 474–479.
Aller, H.E., Ramsay, J.R., 1988. RH-5849 – A novel insect
growth regulator with a new mode of action. Brighton
Crop Prot. Conf. 2, 511–518.
Anderson, M., Fisher, J.P., Robinson, J., Debray, P.H.,
1986. Flufenoxuron – an acylurea acaricide/insecticide
with novel properties. Brighton Crop Prot. Conf. 1,
89–96.
Arbeitman, M.N., Hogness, D.S., 2000. Molecular chaperones
activate the Drosophila ecdysone receptor, an
RXR heterodimer. Cell 101, 67–77.
Asano, S., Kuwano, E., Eto, M., 1986. Precocious metamorphosis
induced by an anti-juvenile hormone compound
applied to 3rd instar silkworm larvae, Bombyx
mori L. (Leopidoptera: Bombycidae). App. Entomol.
Zool. 21(2), 305–312.
Ashburner, M., 1973. Sequential gene activation by ecdysone
in polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melangaster.
I. Dependence upon ecdysone concentration.
Devel. Biol. 35, 47–61.
Ashburner, M., Chiara, C., Meltzer, P., Richards, G.,
1974. Temporal control of puffing activity in polytene
chromosomes. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol.
38, 655–662.
4: Insect Growth- and Development-Disrupting Insecticides 167
Ashok, M., Turner, C., Wilson, T.G., 1998. Insect juvenile
hormone resistance gene homology with the bHLH-
PAS family of transcriptional regulators. Proc. Natl
Acad. Sci. USA 95(6), 2761–2766.
Awad, T.I., Mulla, M.S., 1984. Morphogenetic and histopathological
effects induced by the insect growth regulator
cyromazine in Musca domestica (Diptera,
Muscidae). J. Med. Entomol. 21, 419–426.
Ayoade, O., Morooka, S., Tojo, S., 1995. Induction of
macroptery, precocious metamorphosis, and retarded
ovarian growth by topical application of precocene II,
with evidence for its non-systemic allaticidal effects in
the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. J. Insect
Physiol. 42(6), 529–540.
Balcells, M., Avilla, J., Profitos, J., Canela, R., 2000.
Synthesis of phenoxyphenyl pyridine and pyrazine carboxamides
activity against Cydia pomonella (L.) eggs.
J. Agric. Food Chem. 48, 83–87.
Banks, W.A., Lofgren, C.S., 1991. Effectiveness of the
insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen against the red
imported fire ant Hymenoptera formicidae. J. Entomol.
Sci. 26(3), 331–338.
Becher, H.M., Becker, P., Prokic-Immel, R., Wirtz, W.,
1983. CME, a new chitin synthesis inhibiting insecticide.
Brighton Crop Prot. Conf. 1, 408–415.
Beckage, N.E., Riddiford, L.M., 1981. Effects of methoprene
and juvenile hormone on larval ecdysis, emergence,
and metamorphosis of the endoparasitic
wasp, Apanteles Congregatus. J. Insect Physiol. 28(4),
329–334.
Beckage, N.E., Riddiford, L.M., 1983. Lepidopteran antijuvenile
hormones: effects on development of Apanteles
congregatus in Manduca sexta. J. Insect Physiol. 29(8),
633–637.
Bélai, I., Matolcsy, G., Farnsworth, D.E., Feyereisen, R.,
1988. Inhibition of insect cytochrome P-450 by some
metyrapone analogues and compounds containing a
cyclopropylamine moiety and their evaluation as inhibitors
of juvenile hormone biosynthesis. Pestic. Sci. 24,
205–219.
Bellés, X., Baldellou, M.I., 1983. Precocious metamorphosis
induced by precocenes on Oxycarenus lavaterae.
Entomol. Exp. Appl. 34(2), 129–133.
Bellés, X., Messegues, A., Piulachs, M.B., 1985. Sterilization
induced by precocenes on females of Blatella gexmanica(L):
short and long term effects. Zeitschrift fur
Angewandte Entomologie 100, 409–417.
Biddington, K.C., 1985. Ultrastructural changes in the
cuticle of the sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, induced
by certain insecticides and biological inhibitors. Tissue
Cell 17, 131–140.
Billas, I.M.L., Moulinier, L., Rochel, N., Moras, D., 2001.
Crystal structure of the ligand-binding domain of the
ultraspiracle protein USP, the ortholog of retinoid
X receptors in insects. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 7465–7474.
Billas, I.M.L., Twema, T., Garnier, J.-M., Mitschler, A.,
Rochel, N., et al., 2003. Structural adaptability in the
ligand-binding pocket of the ecdysone receptor. Nature
426, 91–96.