Handrail & Balustrade Solutions - RIBA Product Selector
Handrail & Balustrade Solutions - RIBA Product Selector
Handrail & Balustrade Solutions - RIBA Product Selector
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Uniclass<br />
L442<br />
CI/ SfB<br />
<strong>Handrail</strong> & <strong>Balustrade</strong> <strong>Solutions</strong><br />
(34)<br />
www.laidlaw.net<br />
EPIC<br />
D4
www.laidlaw.net<br />
A Comprehensive Service and Quality Brand<br />
Laidlaw is the leading specifier, distributor and technical service provider of architectural products to the<br />
UK construction industry. At the heart of Laidlaw’s integrated package of solutions is a comprehensive<br />
range of <strong>Handrail</strong> and <strong>Balustrade</strong> solutions, precision manufactured in Germany to exacting standards<br />
of performance and aesthetics which comply with all necessary Building Regulations and standards for<br />
structural stability, safety and accessibility.<br />
Laidlaw’s <strong>Handrail</strong> & <strong>Balustrade</strong> <strong>Solutions</strong> are supplied as a complete package, from initial site survey<br />
through detailed design, bill of quantities and through to full installation. Our trained staff are always on hand<br />
to give advice on all aspects of specification, legislation and best practice guidance to ensure each project<br />
reaches the optimum level of quality, finish and performance.<br />
Laidlaw is able to offer a wide range of architectural products that combine design and function across a<br />
broad range of product categories. By working closely with manufacturing partners to ensure consistent<br />
quality and performance and by keeping up to date with market requirements and technical specifications,<br />
Laidlaw remains at the forefront of the markets it serves.<br />
Having prepared a detailed site survey or<br />
from architects drawings, we will prepare<br />
a full design schedule of all the handrail<br />
or balustrade requirements including a full<br />
bill of materials.<br />
To keep on-site work to a minimum we<br />
assemble as much of the handrailing or<br />
balustrading as possible in the factory.<br />
Not only does this limit the number of<br />
section joints it also ensures that where<br />
there are joints or changes of angle the<br />
quality of the joint is a precise machined<br />
connection.<br />
HA<br />
Chas Accredited<br />
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CONTRACTORS HEALTH & SAFETY ASSESSMENT SCHEME<br />
THE LAIDLAW SERVICE<br />
Complete supply and fit<br />
Laidlaw offers a complete supply and fit service,<br />
from producing quotations from architect‘s drawings<br />
or bills of quantities, to on-site measurements,<br />
production drawings for customer approval,<br />
manufacture and on-site installation. A Laidlaw<br />
Technical consultant is always on hand to advise on<br />
any aspect of <strong>Handrail</strong>s and <strong>Balustrade</strong>s.<br />
Guidance on regulations and legislation<br />
Laidlaw trained staff can offer guidance on all aspects<br />
of Building Regulations and legislation including all<br />
aspects of DDA compliance.<br />
Component based systems<br />
Our component based systems have a number of<br />
fundamental advantages:<br />
• Stock of key components ensure quick delivery<br />
• Factory assembly enables quick installation<br />
• Superior aesthetics to systems to which are<br />
built on-site because there are no unsightly welds,<br />
deformations of bends or poor aesthetic finish<br />
• Consistently high quality finish<br />
• Demountable components make it easy to repair<br />
• All components are recyclable.<br />
Why choose a Laidlaw system<br />
Where the design and installation of a product<br />
affects the safety of its users, it is not an occassion<br />
for compromising on quality. There is no doubt that<br />
cheaper handrails and balustrades can be produced<br />
but the true cost in terms of safety and the life<br />
expectancy of such products can not be compared<br />
to the highly engineered quality of a Laidlaw handrail<br />
and balustrade. Not only is the finished article inferior<br />
aesthetically but there are significant performance<br />
deficiencies to make the on-site construction<br />
unsuitable for most applications. You can see<br />
examples of this on page 4.
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THE LAIDLAW SERVICE 1<br />
WHY IS A GOOD HANDRAIL SYSTEM SO IMPORTANT? 3 - 4<br />
HANDRAIL & BALUSTRADE INTRODUCTION 5 - 8<br />
COMPARING THE SYSTEMS 9 - 10<br />
PRODUCT REFERENCES 11 - 12<br />
NBS SPECIFICATION GUIDE 13 - 14<br />
HANDRAIL & BALUSTRADE SYSTEMS<br />
CONTENTS<br />
NY - NYLON LINE 15 - 26<br />
WS/WN - TIMBER LINE - WOOD & STAINLESS/WOOD & NYLON 27 - 34<br />
MK - COMBI LINE - NYLON & STAINLESS 35 - 42<br />
NT - STAINLESS LINE 43 - 54<br />
3K - BALUSTRADE - 3KN LOADING 55 - 56<br />
SG - STRUCTURAL GLASS 57 - 58<br />
ML - MODU-LINE - THE INTELLIGENT MODULAR SYSTEM 59 - 62<br />
COLOUR CHARTS, FINISHES & OTHER OPTIONS 63 - 66<br />
CASE STUDIES 67 - 74<br />
LEGISLATION, REGULATIONS AND BRITISH STANDARDS 75 - 76<br />
GUIDE TO SPACING, LOADING AND FIXING OF UPRIGHTS 77<br />
GUIDE TO HANDRAIL LENGTHS & INSTALLATION 78<br />
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Slips, Trips and Falls<br />
Of the many statistics about slips, trips and falls, perhaps the<br />
most poignant is that in 2007 the proportion of major injuries<br />
due to falls from height was overtaken for the first time by those<br />
resulting from slips, trips and falls on the same level (source<br />
www.hse.gov.uk). They accounted for almost 11,000 or 38%<br />
of all major injuries and more than 27,000 of over ‘3 day’<br />
injuries in the workplace. Running and walking injuries are not,<br />
however, industry specific. In schools for example, where pupils<br />
tend to be oblivious to hazards, rates continue to be high. In<br />
2005/2006 8,367 injuries resulting from slips and trips were<br />
recorded, 5,440 of them involving children under the age of 16<br />
and 1,357 involving employees. Whilst the evidence points to a<br />
reduction in falls from heights (due probably to the fact that the<br />
seriousness of the injuries resulting from such falls places more<br />
emphasis on reducing them) sadly, the same cannot be said of<br />
slips, trips and falls which show little sign of reduction.<br />
The provision of adequate handrailing is a major factor in<br />
reducing the likelihood of slips, trips and falls on stairs and on<br />
the same level. Guidance on stairs and handrails in buildings<br />
other than dwellings, set out in Approved Document M,<br />
indicates that handrails must be designed to accommodate<br />
all users, including children. They must be continuous and<br />
terminate beyond the top and bottom of a flight in a way that<br />
reduces risk, for example, of clothing being caught. In busy<br />
environments with wide staircases such as schools, additional<br />
rails are needed to divide the flight into channels. It may not be<br />
possible to ensure that these additional rails are actually used,<br />
but narrower aisles control traffic flow and place stair users in<br />
closer proximity to a point of safety.<br />
In addition to continuous support, the rails also need to provide<br />
adequate grip. The amount of grip is influenced greatly by the<br />
diameter of the rail and this can be improved by the use of<br />
smaller diameters of 35mm for example. However, being able<br />
to grip all round the rail brings the hands constantly into contact<br />
with the rail supports, forcing the user to change their grip. The<br />
optimum solution therefore is a balance between the diameter<br />
required for grip, providing comfortable support and being able<br />
to maintain the support along the full length of the rail.<br />
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WHY IS A GOOD HANDRAIL SYSTEM SO IMPORTANT?<br />
The installation of a good quality handrail and balustrade system can have a significant effect on<br />
the way we interact with the built environment. A well designed system using quality materials and<br />
construction can enhance the visual and tactile nature of a building and will strongly influence the<br />
way in which the building is perceived as a welcoming place to be. From a purely functional view<br />
point, the handrail and balustrade solution will determine how accessible the facility is and will have<br />
a direct bearing on the health and safety of anyone who uses the building.<br />
Contrast and Visual Impairment<br />
Research has shown that for partially sighted users, high levels of contrast between the rail and<br />
the background are desirable. This contrast is most reliably expressed by reference to their Light<br />
Reflectance Value (LRV) rather than colour. In the 2004 edition of Approved Document M and<br />
the 2005 amendment to BS 8300, the desirable differences in LRV were quantified. Measured<br />
on a scale of 0 - 100 with jet black equivalent to ‘0’ and perfect white ‘100’. Relative differences<br />
between the rail and background were established at 30 points of difference. However, it is<br />
recognised that visual perception is affected by the relative area of surfaces and aspects such<br />
as texture, form, metallic or gloss levels. Within the 2009 revision to BS 8300 it has been<br />
acknowledged that 20 points of difference may be adequate in producing sufficient contrast<br />
provided levels of illuminance are above 200 lux.<br />
LRV values are measured using a Spectrophotometer
a<br />
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WHY CHOOSE A LAIDLAW SYSTEM?<br />
d e<br />
f<br />
h<br />
It is true, cheaper handrails or balustrades can be achieved but what is the true cost of this kind<br />
of product? We have all experienced a ‘site welded‘ tubular steel painted handrail. The life of<br />
such an installation is extremely short and should never be compared with the engineered and<br />
highly finished quality of a Laidlaw handrail system (left). Not only is the finished article inferior<br />
aesthetically but there are significant performance deficiencies to make the on-site construction<br />
unsuitable for most applications.<br />
• Sharp welds must be ground smooth and this cannot be achieved all round a handrail which<br />
is fixed close to the wall<br />
• Site finished handrails will very quickly deteriorate through even normal use, leaving the steel<br />
substrate exposed and vulnerable to corrosion<br />
• Thin nylon coated systems may seem adequate to begin with, but with even modest use<br />
the thin coating can soon become thin and cracked, exposing the steel substrate which<br />
quickly deteriorates<br />
• Site formed bends and curves can rarely be produced smoothly or with an even surface<br />
Certainly not all alternatives are as poor as the examples shown below marked with a red<br />
cross, but there are countless examples of the type of deficiencies which are typical of on-site<br />
manufactured and lower quality bespoke systems.<br />
The contrast is the high quality materials, manufacture and detailing of the Laidlaw handrailing<br />
shown throughout this brochure.<br />
b<br />
c<br />
Examples of sub-standard handrailing include:<br />
a. Inadequate upright supports<br />
b. Poor design detail of a welded construction<br />
c. Poor build quality of this handrail and support<br />
d. ‘Scaffolding’ approach is ill considered and is now<br />
also showing the typical signs of on-site painting<br />
e. Poorly fabricated handrail supports<br />
f. Inadequate loading capability is soon evident<br />
g. Typical signs of a poorly formed handrail with a thin<br />
nylon cover which has become detached<br />
h Evidence of early corrossion on this stainless steel<br />
example<br />
g<br />
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HANDRAIL & BALUSTRADE INTRODUCTION
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HANDRAIL & BALUSTRADE INTRODUCTION<br />
<strong>Handrail</strong>s<br />
<strong>Handrail</strong>s offer support on staircases, protection from falling and are a welcome support in<br />
case of sudden tiredness. They are required on both sides of a staircase. They should continue<br />
uninterrupted around half-landings to provide continued support for the elderly and ambulant<br />
disabled. This also provides safety and comfort for visually impaired and blind people by serving to<br />
guide them around the landing.<br />
<strong>Handrail</strong>s should always extend at least 300mm from the top and bottom of a staircase to provide<br />
a ‘lead-in’ - which avoids unsteady persons from having to overreach in order to grasp the rail,<br />
and ‘lead-off’ - which allows them to be supported by the rail beyond the last step.<br />
The handrail should be fixed at a height of 900mm. However, a lower rail should be present in<br />
buildings frequented by children. If a higher rail is required - to prevent falls, for example - then a<br />
secondary rail should be available at the ergo nomic height of 600mm.<br />
<strong>Handrail</strong>s must also be suitable for use by people who are physically weak and have a poor<br />
grip. The best shape of handrail is circular in cross section, such that a hand can encircle it. The<br />
recommended diameter is 32 - 45mm (BS 8300). The elderly, in particular, suffer from a weak grip<br />
and a round profile is helpful.<br />
The handrail must be mounted at a sufficient distance from the wall such that a hand can travel<br />
along it without encountering the fixing brackets. The partially sighted will find the handrail more<br />
easily if it contrasts visually with its background i.e. the wall. Colour is an ideal way of helping to<br />
achieve such a contrast.<br />
900mm<br />
s<br />
s<br />
s<br />
s<br />
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HANDRAIL & BALUSTRADE INTRODUCTION
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HANDRAIL & BALUSTRADE INTRODUCTION<br />
<strong>Balustrade</strong>s<br />
<strong>Balustrade</strong>s, essentially are freestanding barriers supporting a handrail and are composed of a<br />
top rail (handrail), a bottom rail (optional), upright supports which are fixed in a variety of ways to<br />
the floor structure and infill material of some kind providing the barrier to prevent falls. Typically, a<br />
balustrade is required on the open side of a staircase and surrounding any open balcony, gallery<br />
or atrium.<br />
The Laidlaw portfolio of <strong>Handrail</strong> & <strong>Balustrade</strong> systems is a comprehensive collection of individual<br />
system components which can be used to create matching handrails and balustrades offering<br />
specifiers a wide choice, to suit either performance and/or aesthetic requirements.<br />
The basic systems<br />
Laidlaw offers seven fundamental handrail and balustrade systems:<br />
• Nylon – using 4mm thick nylon-sleeved galvanised steel components<br />
• Stainless steel – using all stainless steel components<br />
• Timber & Stainless steel – a combination of a stainless steel support structure and solid timber<br />
rails. Also available with Nylon support structure.<br />
• Nylon & Stainless steel – a combination of a stainless steel support structure and Nylon<br />
sleeved handrail components<br />
• Structural Glass - a system of balustrading which utilises the structural properties of glass<br />
combined with Stainless steel or Timber handrailing<br />
• 3kN System– using larger diameter stainless steel uprights to resist the greater loadings<br />
required for certain buildings, e.g. assembly buildings.<br />
• Modu-Line - a highly flexible, component based system which can be supplied as factory<br />
assembled elements or can even be assembled on-site. The design detail enables a high level<br />
of adjustability to suit site variations<br />
Tactile Indicators<br />
Although not included in Building Regulation guidance, tactile<br />
indicators can help to make a building more ‘inclusive’. When<br />
incorporated into handrails, they can indicate to a visually<br />
impaired person the presence of the first and last riser on a<br />
staircase as well as floor levels. Braille indicators can also be<br />
included to highlight a floor number.<br />
Different types of indicator are available, as projecting buttons,<br />
rings or grooves.<br />
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NYLON LINE<br />
Material – Polyamide (PA)<br />
Surface - High gloss<br />
Properties:<br />
• High fracture resistance, high strength and thermal stability<br />
• Smooth and brilliant surface with exceptionally high<br />
resistance to abrasion<br />
• Coloured throughout<br />
• High resistance to most solvents, chemicals, cleansing<br />
agents and disinfectants<br />
• No electrostatic charge<br />
• Conforms to the requirement of BS 8300 requiring that<br />
handrails should not be cold to the touch<br />
• Environmentally safe material - cadmium and lead free<br />
colours<br />
• Physiologically harmless, compliance with requirements of<br />
food law in Europe and USA<br />
• Completely recyclable<br />
TIMBER LINE<br />
Mixed material combinations using a system of stainless steel<br />
supports and connectors:<br />
Properties:<br />
• Stainless steel support system gives high stability and<br />
long lasting performance<br />
• Nylon and Stainless combination uses the strength and<br />
durability of stainless with the colour and warmth of nylon<br />
• Timber and Stainless combination has the inherent beauty<br />
and feel of timber rails with the structural stability and<br />
durability of stainless steel<br />
• Combination of Timber handrails with the colour option of<br />
nylon supports and connectors<br />
STAINLESS LINE<br />
Material - Stainless steel<br />
Surface - brushed finish<br />
COMPARING THE SYSTEMS<br />
Properties:<br />
• High mechanical strength, dimensionally stable and<br />
nearly indestructible<br />
• High stability and durability suitable for areas subject to<br />
high levels of use and abuse<br />
• Very good resistance to atmospheric corrosion and<br />
chemical corrosion (detergents and cleansing agents)<br />
• High resistance to abrasion<br />
• Very easy to clean and to disinfect
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COMPARING THE SYSTEMS<br />
3 KN SYSTEM<br />
Materials - Stainless steel support structure with either stainless<br />
steel or nylon handrailing.<br />
Based on the Stainless Line system but with heavier duty<br />
construction making it particularly suited to applications which<br />
may be subject to overcrowding by the public<br />
• Heavy duty construction is able to withstand horizontal<br />
loading of 3kN/m<br />
• Stainless steel or nylon handrail option<br />
STRUCTURAL GLASS<br />
Materials - Structural toughened glass and stainless steel<br />
This beautiful balustrading solution is ideally suited to high end<br />
architectural applications where the simplicity of the structure<br />
and free open aesthetic are required. It also provides a ‘gapfree’<br />
barrier which makes it ideally suited to areas where children<br />
are likely to be present<br />
• Lack of vertical support structure allows for free run of<br />
horizontal handrail<br />
• Simple lines with uninterrupted view through balustrade<br />
• High levels of safety with no gaps to tempt small children to<br />
squeeze through<br />
• Structural glass is capable of achieving 3kN loading<br />
• <strong>Handrail</strong> available in Stainless steel, Nylon or Timber<br />
MODU-LINE SYSTEM<br />
Material - Stainless steel support structure with a choice of<br />
Nylon, Timber or Stainless steel handrail<br />
Properties:<br />
• Stainless steel guarantees high stability and permanent<br />
functioning<br />
• Fully component based system allows components to be<br />
ordered and assembled on site with minimum site<br />
preparation and cutting<br />
• Nylon and Stainless combination uses the strength and<br />
durability of stainless with the colour and warmth of nylon<br />
• Timber and Stainless combination has the inherent beauty<br />
and feel of timber rails with the structural stability and<br />
durability of stainless steel<br />
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NY I - a - s / 34<br />
Material<br />
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End type<br />
<strong>Handrail</strong> support<br />
MODU-LINE SYSTEM<br />
Diameter of handrail<br />
Nylon/Timber - 40mm<br />
Stainless steel - 32 or 40mm<br />
Inclination of handrail h = horizontal / s = raking<br />
NY<br />
WS/WN<br />
MK<br />
NT<br />
NY<br />
WS/WN<br />
MK<br />
NT<br />
NY<br />
NYLON LINE<br />
Type I<br />
Type I<br />
Type I<br />
Type I<br />
HANDRAILS - PRODUCT REFERENCES<br />
The smaller handrail diameters are<br />
recommended for applications which<br />
may benefit from a ‘Power Grip’ in<br />
accordance with BS 8300:2009<br />
‘a ‘b ‘c<br />
‘a ‘b ‘c<br />
‘a ‘b ‘c<br />
‘a ‘b ‘c<br />
WS or WN<br />
TIMBER LINE<br />
Type II Type III<br />
Type II Type III<br />
Type II Type III<br />
Type II Type III<br />
MK<br />
COMBI LINE<br />
Specify individual components<br />
(see www.laidlaw.net/handrail-and-balustrading/)<br />
or refer to your Laidlaw Technical Consultant<br />
NT<br />
STAINLESS LINE
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NY<br />
Material<br />
A - V - U<br />
2U/34<br />
/ h<br />
Offset handrail<br />
Type of upright fixing<br />
STRUCTURAL GLAZING SYSTEM<br />
372<br />
Inclination of<br />
balustrade<br />
Bottom rail and midrail<br />
Specify 1.5kN or 3.0kN loading<br />
MODU-LINE SYSTEM<br />
Panel holder<br />
Type A Type B Type C Type E<br />
NY<br />
NYLON LINE<br />
BALUSTRADE - PRODUCT REFERENCES<br />
Offset upper handrail and panel<br />
holder for offset infill panel<br />
Stand: 19.2.99<br />
Pros2091<br />
WS or WN<br />
TIMBER LINE<br />
Inclination of balustrade<br />
h = horizontal<br />
s = raking<br />
with bottomrail – U –<br />
Please refer to your Laidlaw<br />
Technical Consultant for full<br />
specification details<br />
Samples are taken from<br />
NYLON LINE (NY) for the purpose of<br />
this illustration<br />
with midrails – 2 U 34 –<br />
MK<br />
COMBI LINE<br />
Specify individual components<br />
(see www.laidlaw.net/handrail-and-balustrading/)<br />
or refer to your Laidlaw Technical Consultant<br />
Diameter<br />
Number of<br />
midrails<br />
NT<br />
STAINLESS LINE<br />
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Laidlaw Nylon system<br />
Wall fixed handrail to be 40mm o/d nylon with a 4mm wall<br />
thickness over a galvanised steel tube core of 32mm o/d x<br />
2.0mm connected to 34mm dia. steel-cored nylon elbow<br />
supports ref. 34.90V complete with steel rosettes and clip on<br />
70mm nylon cover caps at 1300mm centres.<br />
e.g. NY IIIc-s/40<br />
Laidlaw Stainless Steel system<br />
Wall fixed handrail to be 40mm o/d x 2.0mm brushed stainless<br />
steel grade 316 with concealed connections in running lengths<br />
connected to 14mm dia. elbow supports ref. 14.90V or 26mm<br />
dia. ref. 26.90V complete with rosettes at 1300mm centres.<br />
e.g. NT IIc-s/40<br />
Laidlaw Combi system<br />
Wall fixed handrail to be 40mm o/d nylon with a 4mm wall<br />
thickness over a galvanised steel tube core of 32mm o/d x<br />
2.0mm connected to 14mm dia. brushed stainless steel grade<br />
316 elbow supports ref. 14.90V or 26mm dia. ref. 26.90V<br />
complete with rosettes at 1300mm centres, or stainless tube<br />
with nylon elbows 34/90V at 1300mm centres.<br />
e.g. MK IIc-s/40<br />
Laidlaw Timber system (Timber handrail/nylon supports)<br />
Wall fixed handrail to be:<br />
• 40mm dia. Beech, A quality, without foxiness steamed<br />
and kiln dried, surface treated with colourless lacquer,<br />
• 40mm dia. European Oak, A quality, without sap parts kiln<br />
dried surface treated with colourless lacquer,<br />
• 40mm dia. European Ash, A quality, with brown parts kiln<br />
dried surface treated with colourless lacquer,<br />
• 40mm dia. Canadian Maple, US quality FAS 1-2, white/kiln<br />
dried surface treated with colourless lacquer,<br />
connected to 34mm dia. steel-cored nylon elbow supports ref.<br />
34.90V complete with steel rosettes and clip on 70mm nylon<br />
cover caps at 1200mm centres.<br />
e.g. WN IIIc-s/40<br />
NBS SPECIFICATION GUIDE<br />
To help specify the Laidlaw range of handrail and balustrade systems, the following specification paragraphs are provided in a<br />
format compatible with NBS. These are also available electronically on the Laidlaw website at www.laidlaw.net, on NBS Plus<br />
or by contacting the Laidlaw <strong>Handrail</strong> and <strong>Balustrade</strong> Enquiry Line on 01902 600420. They can be cut and pasted into an NBS<br />
specification. Please refer to pages 11 & 12 for examples of specification codes.<br />
HANDRAILS (Section L30 clause 580 of NBS)<br />
Laidlaw Timber system (Timber handrail/stainless steel<br />
supports)<br />
Wall fixed handrail to be:<br />
• 40mm dia. Beech, A quality, without foxiness steamed<br />
and kiln dried, surface treated with colourless lacquer,<br />
• 40mm dia. European Oak, A quality, without sap parts kiln<br />
dried surface treated with colourless lacquer,<br />
• 40mm dia. European Ash, A quality, with brown parts kiln<br />
dried surface treated with colourless lacquer,<br />
• 40mm dia. Canadian Maple, US quality FAS 1-2, white/kiln<br />
dried surface treated with colourless lacquer,<br />
connected to 40mm o/d x 2.0mm brushed stainless steel<br />
grade 316 connected to 14mm dia. elbow supports ref. 14.90V<br />
complete with rosettes at 1200mm centres.<br />
e.g. WS IIc-s/40<br />
Laidlaw 3kN system<br />
Wall fixed handrail to be 40mm o/d nylon with a 4mm wall<br />
thickness over a galvanised steel tube core of 32mm o/d<br />
x 2.0mm connected to 34mm dia. steel cored nylon elbow<br />
supports ref. 34.90V complete with steel rosettes and clip on<br />
70mm nylon cover caps at 1500mm centres, or 40mm o/d<br />
x 2.0mm brushed stainless steel grade 316 with concealed<br />
connections in running lengths connected to 14mm dia. elbow<br />
supports ref. 14.90V or 26mm dia. ref. 26.90V complete with<br />
rosettes at 1300mm centres.<br />
e.g. NT(MK) IIc-s/40<br />
Laidlaw Modu-Line system<br />
Wall fixed handrail to be 40mm o/d nylon with a 4mm wall<br />
thickness over a steel tube core of 32mm o/d x 2.0mm<br />
connected to 14mm dia. brushed stainless steel grade 316<br />
elbow supports ref. 14.90V complete with rosettes at 1500mm<br />
centres.<br />
e.g. ML IIc-s/40<br />
All bends connectors and glass clips included as necessary. All<br />
steel to be galvanised throughout.<br />
All in accordance with BS 8300, BS 6180, BS 6399,<br />
BS 5395, BS EN 12150, Building Regulations Approved<br />
Documents B, K and M (England and Wales).
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BALUSTRADES (Section L30 clause 560 of NBS)<br />
The specification of balustrades is based around three key items:<br />
• A detailed description of the required system<br />
• A statement of the required fixing method<br />
• A description of the balustrade infill.<br />
REQUIRED SYSTEM<br />
Laidlaw Nylon system<br />
<strong>Balustrade</strong> with removable top rail to be 40mm o/d nylon with a<br />
4mm wall thickness over a galvanised steel tube core of 32mm<br />
o/d x 2.0mm connected to 40mm o/d uprights with a 32mm x<br />
4.0mm galvanised steel tube core extended for fixing using the<br />
appropriate method from the list of Fixing alternatives.<br />
e.g. NY A-S<br />
Laidlaw Stainless Steel system<br />
<strong>Balustrade</strong> with removable top rail facility to be 40mm o/d<br />
x 2.0mm brushed stainless steel grade 316 with concealed<br />
connections in running lengths connected<br />
to 40mm o/d x 3mm uprights extended for fixing using the<br />
appropriate method from the list of Fixing alternatives.<br />
e.g. NT A-S<br />
Laidlaw Combi system<br />
<strong>Balustrade</strong> with removable top rail facility to be 40mm o/d<br />
nylon-sleeved tube connected to 40mm o/d brushed stainless<br />
steel grade 316 uprights, or stainless steel tube connected to<br />
nylon-sleeved uprights extended for fixing using the appropriate<br />
method from the list of Fixing alternatives.<br />
e.g. MK A-S<br />
Laidlaw Timber system (Timber balustrade/nylon uprights)<br />
<strong>Balustrade</strong> top rail to be selected from one of four options:<br />
• 40mm dia. Beech, A quality, without foxiness steamed<br />
and kiln dried, surface treated with colourless lacquer,<br />
• 40mm dia. European Oak, A quality, without sap parts kiln<br />
dried surface treated with colourless lacquer,<br />
• 40mm dia. European Ash, A quality, with brown parts kiln<br />
dried surface treated with colourless lacquer,<br />
• 40mm dia. Canadian Maple, US quality FAS 1-2, white/kiln<br />
dried surface treated with colourless lacquer,<br />
connected to 40mm o/d x 2.0mm nylon connections. Uprights<br />
to be 40mm o/d x 4.0mm thick with a 32mm x 4.0mm<br />
galvanised steel tube core extended for fixing using the<br />
appropriate method from the list of Fixing alternatives.<br />
e.g. WN A-S<br />
Laidlaw Timber system (Timber balustrade/stainless steel<br />
uprights)<br />
<strong>Balustrade</strong> top rail to be selected from one of four options:<br />
• 40mm dia. Beech, A quality, without foxiness steamed<br />
and kiln dried, surface treated with colourless lacquer,<br />
• 40mm dia. European Oak, A quality, without sap parts kiln<br />
dried surface treated with colourless lacquer,<br />
• 40mm dia. European Ash, A quality, with brown parts kiln<br />
dried surface treated with colourless lacquer,<br />
• 40mm dia. Canadian Maple, US quality FAS 1-2, white/kiln<br />
dried surface treated with colourless lacquer,<br />
connected to 40mm o/d x 2.0mm grade 316 brushed stainless<br />
steel connections. Uprights to be 40mm o/d x 3.0mm thick<br />
grade 316 brushed stainless steel extended for fixing using the<br />
appropriate method from the list of Fixing alternatives.<br />
e.g. WS A-S<br />
NBS SPECIFICATION GUIDE<br />
Laidlaw 3kN system<br />
<strong>Balustrade</strong> with removable top rail facility to be 40mm o/d nylon<br />
with a 4mm wall thickness over a galvanised steel tube core of<br />
32mm o/d x 4.0mm, or 40mm o/d<br />
x 4.0mm brushed stainless steel grade 316, with concealed<br />
connections in running lengths connected<br />
to 60mm o/d x 2.5mm brushed stainless steel grade 316<br />
uprights extended for fixing using the appropriate method from<br />
the list of Fixing alternatives.<br />
e.g. NT A-S(3kN)<br />
Laidlaw Modu-Line system<br />
<strong>Balustrade</strong> with removable top rail facility to be 40mm o/d nylon<br />
with a 4mm wall thickness over a steel tube core of 32mm o/d<br />
x 2.0mm connected to 40mm uprights extended for plate fixing<br />
ref. 1.12E to comply with 0.74kN loading.<br />
e.g. ML A-S<br />
Fixing alternatives<br />
• Anchor fixing Type A<br />
• Clamp through fixing Type B<br />
• 2 point side fixing Type C<br />
• Plate fixing Type E.<br />
Infill alternatives<br />
• Infill panels to be 10mm thick clear/grey/bronze/green float<br />
glass toughened to BS EN 12150 with radiussed corners and<br />
flat polished edges.<br />
• Trespa – Anti Vandal – Panels to be 13mm thick Trespa<br />
Anthlon range internally (Trespa Meteon range externally) with<br />
radiussed corners and smooth edges.<br />
• Infill panels to be 3mm thick perforated mild steel panels with<br />
30mm dia. holes at 50mm centres with a 60mm clear border<br />
all round and 75% clear area. Polyester powder-coated. Held<br />
in position using panel holders to uprights.<br />
• Infill panels to be 50 x 50 x 4 weld-mesh all within a 10mm<br />
dia. frame. Polyester powder-coated to match balustrade.<br />
Held in position using panel holders to uprights.<br />
• Mid rail(s) to be 34mm or 40mm o/d nylon with a 4mm wall<br />
thickness over a galvanised steel tube core of 26mm or 32mm<br />
o/d x 2.0mm connected to uprights (excluding stainless steel).<br />
• Mid rail(s) to be 26mm, 32mm or 40mm o/d x 2.0mm brushed<br />
stainless steel grade 316 connected to uprights. (stainless<br />
steel only).<br />
• 5mm thick stainless steel tension wires including<br />
swageless terminals.<br />
• Infill panels to be 10mm dia. vertical bar construction within<br />
a 10mm dia. frame – bars at no more than 100mm centres.<br />
Polyester powder-coated to match balustrade. Held in<br />
position using panel holders to uprights.<br />
Other options can be considered. The maximum thickness of a<br />
panel used with a nylon in-line panel holder is 14mm and for a<br />
stainless steel in-line panel holder is 12mm. When using screwstud<br />
panel holders, the maximum panel thickness is 14mm.<br />
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NY HANDRAIL - GENERAL OVERVIEW<br />
<strong>Handrail</strong>s NY.Type (NYLON LINE)<br />
The Laidlaw Nylon range is designed to bring together the<br />
structural strength and non-corrosive nature of a galvanised steel<br />
core with the pleasant feel and permanent colour of a thick nylon<br />
sleeve. It is one of the most effective ways of complying with all<br />
aspects of the guidance in Approved Document M (2004).<br />
<strong>Handrail</strong> construction is a fully galvanised tubular steel core with<br />
a solid nylon sleeve 40mm diameter with a 4mm wall thickness.<br />
Wall fixing brackets options are available with straight supports<br />
and 90° bends (see page 17).<br />
<strong>Handrail</strong> ends can be straight with flat end cover cap, with a<br />
90° bend return to the wall with flat end cover cap or with a 90°<br />
bend return connected to the wall with or without rose fixing (see<br />
page 17 for full details).<br />
The handrail is supplied pre-assembled, including all corner<br />
pieces, connection elements, screws and fixings.<br />
For colour please see colour chart, page 63.<br />
Also available with optional tactile elements.<br />
The method of calculating handrail lengths is shown on page 77.
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NY HANDRAIL - GENERAL OVERVIEW<br />
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NY HANDRAIL - HANDRAIL SUPPORTS & END TYPES<br />
Supports NY.Type End types<br />
Inclination of handrail h = horizontal / s = raking<br />
I II III<br />
NY.Type I<br />
With straight handrail supports 40mm or 34mm diameter made of Nylon,<br />
fixed to wall with or without roses, approx. 1300mm apart<br />
NY.Type II<br />
With 90° angled handrail supports HLS 25mm diameter made of Nylon,<br />
fixed to wall with roses 1.9A/B. <strong>Handrail</strong> supports approx. 1300mm apart<br />
NY.Type III (Supplied as Standard)<br />
With 90° bends 40mm or 34mm diameter made of Nylon, fixed to wall<br />
with or without roses approx. 1300mm apart<br />
‘a<br />
‘b<br />
‘c<br />
Ends of handrail ‘a<br />
Straight with Nylon end cover cap<br />
Ends of handrail ‘b<br />
With 90° bends, with Nylon end cover cap<br />
Ends of handrail ‘c<br />
Connected with 90° bends to the wall, with / without nylon roses<br />
Removable handrails<br />
Removable handrail sections facilitate the cleaning of windows<br />
and give access to service ducts or rooms, for example switch<br />
boxes or fire extinguishers. The removable handrails are available<br />
in 34mm and 40mm diameter. The handrail element can be<br />
removed by loosening the sprung locking mechanism.
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‘PP ‘QE<br />
Curved handrails<br />
On request horizontal handrails can also be made curved in a<br />
radius starting at 200mm.<br />
‘ZR ‘KB<br />
NY HANDRAIL - OPTIONS<br />
<strong>Handrail</strong>s NY.Type<br />
The nylon handrail sections can be supplied with an integral<br />
anti-slip grip texture. This is particularly useful where<br />
handrails are likely to become wet.<br />
Tactile elements<br />
There is an increased public awareness of the need to use tactile<br />
assistance. Tactile elements assist visually impaired and partially<br />
sighted persons to orientate themselves. The elements on the<br />
balustra des indicate first and last steps of stairs and respective<br />
floors.<br />
4 types of optional tactile indicators are available<br />
PP Indicator Pips<br />
QE Projecting Button<br />
ZR Insert Rings<br />
KB Grooves<br />
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NY BALUSTRADE - GENERAL OVERVIEW
www.laidlaw.net<br />
<strong>Balustrade</strong>s NY.Type (NYLON LINE)<br />
Rails, uprights and bottom rails are constructed using fully<br />
galvanised tubular steel core with a solid nylon sleeve 40mm<br />
diameter with 4mm wall thickness. The quality and dimensions<br />
of the steel meet the design requirements of BS 6180 and<br />
BS 6399. There is a continuous steel reinforcement in the<br />
connections and bends.<br />
<strong>Balustrade</strong>s can be constructed with bottom rails and mid rails or<br />
with 4 infill holders (see pages 23 to 25) for each railing section<br />
and suitable infill material.<br />
Infill holders are made of nylon with a metal core for drilling or<br />
clamping the infill sections.<br />
<strong>Handrail</strong>s and infill panels can be produced ‘in-line’ with the<br />
support uprights or ‘offset’.<br />
We can also supply 5mm steel tension cables to order for fitting<br />
to predrilled uprights.<br />
Upright spacing approx. 1300mm, available with anchor<br />
fixing, bolt-through, side fixing or with welded colour-coated<br />
steel plate (118mm diameter, or 100mm square).<br />
Railing height 900mm to 1100mm (max). Other centres and<br />
heights are available as required to meet site conditions.<br />
The balustrading is supplied pre-assembled. No on-site<br />
manufacturing necessary.<br />
For colour please see Laidlaw colour chart, page 63.<br />
Available with tactile elements.<br />
The method of calculating handrail lengths is shown on page 77.<br />
NY BALUSTRADE - GENERAL OVERVIEW<br />
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NY BALUSTRADE - TYPES OF UPRIGHT<br />
NY.Type A<br />
Anchor fixing for uprights<br />
40mm diameter.<br />
Supplied with anchor and<br />
rose.<br />
NY.Type B<br />
Bolt-through fixing with steel<br />
reinforced roses for uprights<br />
40mm diameter.<br />
Supplied with roses and<br />
screw.
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NY BALUSTRADE - TYPES OF UPRIGHT<br />
NY.Type C<br />
2-point side fixing for uprights<br />
40mm diameter, distance x as indicated<br />
(25 to 80mm), made of Nylon,<br />
with washers to compensate wall<br />
inaccuracies.<br />
Supplied without fixing material.<br />
NY.Type E<br />
Upright fixing with welded colour-coated steel<br />
plate 10mm thickness, 118mm diameter or<br />
100x100mm square to choose, with 4 nos.<br />
drilling holes 14mm diameter for countersunk<br />
screws.<br />
Supplied without fixing material.<br />
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Offset handrail options<br />
NY BALUSTRADE - PANEL HOLDERS<br />
Offset panel holder NY.372.15<br />
Screw type for panels, to uprights<br />
40mm diameter, concealed fixing.
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(Non Standard)<br />
(Non Standard)<br />
373… 374…<br />
373… 374…<br />
NY BALUSTRADE - PANEL HOLDERS<br />
Panel holder<br />
NY.373.16/374.16 Clamp type<br />
NY.373.15/374.15 Screw type<br />
Clamp type or Screw type for panels<br />
up to 14mm thickness, to uprights<br />
40mm diameter, concealed fixing.<br />
Wall panel holder<br />
NY.373.18/374.18 Clamp type<br />
NY.373.17/374.17 Screw type<br />
Clamp type or Screw type for panels<br />
up to 14mm thickness, wall fixing,<br />
concealed fixing.<br />
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NY BALUSTRADE - MIDRAILS & TENSION WIRES<br />
Midrails 40mm or 34mm diameter<br />
<strong>Handrail</strong> and uprights are made with coloured Nylon sleeves<br />
40mm diameter for uprights only, 40mm or 34mm diameter for<br />
handrails and midrails with full length non-corrosive steel cores.<br />
All bends and connections are steel reinforced. The quality and<br />
thickness of steel is according to the structural requirements of<br />
BS 6180 & BS 6399.<br />
All balustrades are also available with bottom rail.<br />
Building regulation approval must be obtained locally.<br />
Options with tension wires<br />
We can supply 5mm tension wires and pre drilled uprights to<br />
order.<br />
Building regulation approval must be obtained locally.
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‘PP ‘QE<br />
Curved handrails<br />
On request horizontal handrails can also be made curved in a<br />
radius starting at 200mm.<br />
‘ZR ‘KB<br />
NY BALUSTRADE - OPTIONS<br />
Infill options<br />
For details of infill options please refer to page 63.<br />
Tactile elements<br />
There is an increased public awareness of the need to use tactile<br />
assistance. Tactile elements assist visually impaired and partially<br />
sighted persons to orientate themselves. The elements on the<br />
balustra des indicate first and last steps of stairs and respective<br />
floors.<br />
4 types of optional tactile indicators are available<br />
PP Indicator Pips<br />
QE Projecting Button<br />
ZR Insert Rings<br />
KB Grooves<br />
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WS HANDRAIL - GENERAL OVERVIEW
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<strong>Handrail</strong>s WS.Type (TIMBER LINE)<br />
The Laidlaw Timber handrail and balustrade system provides the<br />
specifier with the ideal blend of traditional and modern styles. It<br />
combines the modern lines of stainless steel or nylon uprights,<br />
bends and brackets with the gentle warmth and natural feel of a<br />
timber rail which is not cold to the touch.<br />
Timber Line systems are characterised by the use of stainless<br />
steel components with timber or nylon components.<br />
The straight handrail sections are 40mm diameter solid beech<br />
as standard (alternative materials available to order - ash, oak,<br />
maple). All handrails are A-grade material without red core,<br />
steamed and kiln dried, with a clear polyurethane surface finish.<br />
Wall fixing brackets options are available with straight supports,<br />
or 90° bends connected to a stainless steel tubular connecting<br />
piece with a brushed satin finish.<br />
<strong>Handrail</strong> ends can be straight with flat end cover cap, with a<br />
90° bend return to the wall with flat end cover cap or with a 90°<br />
bend return connected to the wall with or without rose fixing<br />
(see page 29 for full details).<br />
The handrail is supplied pre-assembled, including all corner<br />
pieces, connection elements, screws and fixings.<br />
In addition to the stainless steel support brackets and rail ends,<br />
these are also available in nylon.<br />
Also available with optional tactile elements.<br />
The method of calculating handrail lengths is shown on page 77.<br />
WS HANDRAIL - GENERAL OVERVIEW<br />
In addition to the combination of Timber and Stainless steel,<br />
the Timber handrail can be combined with nylon support<br />
components creating a completely different look.<br />
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Supports type End types<br />
Removable handrails<br />
Facilitate the cleaning of windows and give access to service<br />
ducts or rooms, for example switch boxes or fire extinguishers.<br />
The removable handrails are 40mm diameter and can be<br />
removed by loosening the sprung locking mechanism.<br />
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I II III<br />
Inclination of handrail h = horizontal / s = raking<br />
WS.Type I<br />
With straight handrail supports 26mm diameter solid stainless steel rod,<br />
connected to a stainless steel tubular section length (L) 60mm with a brushed finish.<br />
Fixed to wall with concealed fix roses, 70mm diameter, approx. 1200mm apart<br />
WS.Type II (Supplied as Standard)<br />
With 90° angled handrail supports 14mm diameter solid stainless steel rod,<br />
connected to a stainless steel tubular section length (L) 60mm with a brushed finish.<br />
Fixed to wall with concealed fix roses, 70mm diameter, approx. 1200mm apart<br />
WS.Type III<br />
With 90° bends 26mm diameter tubular stainless steel connected to a stainless<br />
steel tubular section length (L) 60mm with a brushed finish. Fixed to wall with<br />
concealed fix roses, 70mm diameter, approx. 1200m apart.<br />
WS HANDRAIL - HANDRAIL SUPPORTS & END TYPES<br />
‘a<br />
‘b<br />
‘c<br />
Ends of handrail ‘a<br />
Straight with stainless steel end cover cap<br />
Ends of handrail ‘b<br />
With 90° bends, with stainless steel end cover cap<br />
Ends of handrail ‘c<br />
Connected with 90° bends to the wall, with / without stainless<br />
steel roses<br />
NOTE:<br />
The system may also be supplied with stainless steel handrails<br />
and nylon fittings
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‘QE<br />
WS HANDRAIL - OPTIONS<br />
Standard connection to top rail<br />
Reduced diameter connection to top rail<br />
Tactile elements<br />
There is an increased public awareness of the need to use tactile<br />
assistance. Tactile elements assist visually impaired and partially<br />
sighted persons to orientate themselves. The elements on the<br />
balustra des indicate first and last steps of stairs and respective<br />
floors.<br />
QE Projecting Button<br />
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WS BALUSTRADE - GENERAL OVERVIEW<br />
<strong>Balustrade</strong>s WS.Type (TIMBER LINE)<br />
The straight handrail sections are 40mm diameter solid beech<br />
as standard (alternative materials available to order - ash, oak,<br />
maple). All handrails are A-grade material without red core,<br />
steamed and kiln dried, with a clear polyurethane surface finish.<br />
All uprights, connection pieces, bottom or midrails, infill holders<br />
are supplied in stainless steel with a brushed satin finish.<br />
<strong>Balustrade</strong>s are available with bottom rails and midrails, or with 4<br />
solid infill panel holders as required for each handrail section.<br />
We can also supply 5mm tension wires and pre drill uprights to<br />
order.<br />
Upright spacing 1000mm (max.), available with anchor fixing,<br />
bolt-through, side fixing or with welded stainless steel plate<br />
(118mm diameter, or 100mm square).<br />
Railing height 900 mm to 1100mm (max). Other centres and<br />
heights are available as required to meet site conditions.<br />
The balustrading is supplied pre-assembled. No on-site<br />
manufacturing is necessary.<br />
Also available with optional tactile elements.<br />
The method of calculating handrail lengths is shown on page 77.
www.laidlaw.net<br />
WS BALUSTRADE - TYPES OF UPRIGHT FIXINGS<br />
WS.Type A<br />
Anchor fixing for uprights<br />
40mm diameter.<br />
Supplied with anchor and rose.<br />
WS.Type B<br />
Bolt-through fixing with steel<br />
reinforced roses for uprights<br />
40mm diameter.<br />
Supplied with roses and screw.<br />
WS.Type C<br />
2-point side fixing for uprights<br />
40mm diameter, distance x as indicated<br />
(25 to 80mm), made of stainless steel,<br />
with washers to compen sate wall<br />
inaccuracies.<br />
Supplied without fixing material.<br />
WS.Type E<br />
Upright fixing with welded stainless steel<br />
plate 10mm thickness,<br />
118mm diameter or 100x100mm square<br />
to choose, with 4 nos. drilling holes<br />
14mm diameter for countersunk screws.<br />
Supplied without fixing material.<br />
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Panel holder WS.406<br />
Clamp type for panels up to 12mm thickness,<br />
to uprights 40mm diameter,<br />
concealed fixing.<br />
Wall panel holder WS.408<br />
Clamp type for panels up to 12mm thickness,<br />
to uprights 40mm diameter,<br />
concealed fixing.<br />
Offset panel holder WS.410<br />
Screw type for panels, to uprights<br />
40mm diameter, concealed fixing.<br />
Offset<br />
handrail<br />
WS BALUSTRADE - PANEL HOLDERS<br />
Panel holders also available In nylon
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Options with tension wires<br />
We can supply 5mm tension wires and pre drilled uprights to order.<br />
Building regulation approval must be obtained locally.<br />
WS BALUSTRADE - MID RAIL, TENSION WIRES & OPTIONS<br />
Midrails 40mm and 26mm diameters<br />
Rails with straight tube sections are of beech 40mm diameter,<br />
A-grade without red core, steamed and kiln dried, surface<br />
finished in clear polyurethane.<br />
All uprights are 40mm diameter stainless steel. Midrails are<br />
available in 40mm and 26mm diameter stainless steel. All bends<br />
and connections are stainless steel. The quality and dimensions<br />
of the steel meet the design requirements of BS 6180 and<br />
BS 6399.<br />
All balustrades are also available with bottom rail.<br />
Building regulation approval must be obtained locally.<br />
‘QE<br />
Tactile elements<br />
There is an increased public awareness of the need to use tactile<br />
assistance. Tactile elements assist visually impaired and partially<br />
sighted persons to orientate themselves. The elements on the<br />
balustra des indicate first and last steps of stairs and respective<br />
floors.<br />
QE Projecting Button<br />
Infill options<br />
For details of infill options please refer to page 63.<br />
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MK HANDRAIL - GENERAL OVERVIEW<br />
<strong>Handrail</strong>s MK.Type (COMBI LINE)<br />
The Laidlaw Combi handrail and balustrade system provides<br />
specifiers with a wide range of combinations of stainless<br />
steel and nylon components. Combi Line systems are<br />
characterised by the use of stainless steel components with<br />
timber or nylon handrails or nylon components with stainless<br />
steel handrails. Nylon handrails can be used externally to<br />
ensure they are not cold to the touch.<br />
The straight handrail sections are fully galvanised tubular<br />
steel core with a solid nylon sleeve 40mm diameter with a<br />
4mm wall thickness.<br />
Wall fixing brackets options are available with straight<br />
supports or 90° bends connected to a stainless steel tubular<br />
connecting piece with a brushed satin finish.<br />
<strong>Handrail</strong> ends can be straight with flat end cover cap, with a<br />
90° bend return to the wall with flat end cover cap or with a<br />
90° bend return connected to the wall with or without rose<br />
fixing (see page 37 for full details).<br />
The handrail is supplied pre-assembled, including all corner<br />
pieces, connection elements, screws and fixings.<br />
Also available with optional tactile elements.<br />
The method of calculating handrail lengths is shown on<br />
page 77.
www.laidlaw.net<br />
<strong>Handrail</strong>s MK.Type (COMBI LINE)<br />
The nylon handrail sections can be supplied with an integral<br />
anti-slip grip texture. This is particularly useful where<br />
handrails are likely to become wet.<br />
MK HANDRAIL - GENERAL OVERVIEW<br />
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Supports type End types<br />
Removable handrails<br />
Facilitate the cleaning of windows and give access<br />
to service ducts or rooms for example switch<br />
boxes or fire extinguishers. The removable handrails are available<br />
in 34mm and 40mm diameter. The handrail element can be<br />
removed by loosening the sprung locking mechanism.<br />
37 www.laidlaw.net<br />
I II III<br />
Inclination of handrail h = horizontal / s = raking<br />
MK.Type I<br />
With straight handrail supports 26mm diameter solid stainless steel rod,<br />
connected to a stainless steel tubular section length (L) 60mm with a brushed finish.<br />
Fixed to wall with concealed fix roses, 70mm diameter, approx. 1200mm apart<br />
MK.Type II (Supplied as Standard)<br />
With 90° angled handrail supports 14mm diameter solid stainless steel rod,<br />
connected to a stainless steel tubular section length (L) 60mm with a brushed finish.<br />
Fixed to wall with concealed fix roses, 70mm diameter, approx. 1200mm apart<br />
MK.Type III<br />
With 90° bends 26mm diameter tubular stainless steel connected to a stainless<br />
steel tubular section length (L) 60mm with a brushed finish. Fixed to wall with<br />
concealed fix roses, 70mm diameter, approx. 1200m apart.<br />
MK HANDRAIL - HANDRAIL SUPPORTS & END TYPES<br />
‘a<br />
‘b<br />
‘c<br />
Ends of handrail ‘a<br />
Straight with Nylon end cover cap<br />
Ends of handrail ‘b<br />
With 90° bends, with stainless steel end cover cap<br />
Ends of handrail ‘c<br />
Connected with 90° bends to the wall, with / without stainless<br />
steel roses<br />
NOTE:<br />
The system may also be supplied with stainless steel handrails<br />
and nylon fittings
www.laidlaw.net<br />
‘PP ‘QE<br />
MK HANDRAIL - OPTIONS<br />
Curved handrails<br />
On request horizontal handrails can<br />
also be made curved in a radius<br />
starting at 200mm.<br />
Tactile elements<br />
There is an increased public awareness of the need to use tactile<br />
assistance. Tactile elements assist visually impaired and partially<br />
sighted persons to orientate themselves. The elements on the<br />
balustra des indicate first and last steps of stairs and respective<br />
floors.<br />
4 types of optional tactile indicators are available<br />
PP Indicator Pips<br />
QE Projecting Button<br />
ZR Insert Rings<br />
KB Grooves<br />
‘ZR ‘KB<br />
38 www.laidlaw.net
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39 www.laidlaw.net<br />
MK BALUSTRADE - GENERAL OVERVIEW<br />
<strong>Balustrade</strong>s MK.Type (COMBI LINE)<br />
The straight handrail sections are fully galvanised tubular steel<br />
core with a solid nylon sleeve 40mm diameter with a 4mm wall<br />
thickness.<br />
All uprights, connection pieces, bottom or midrails, infill holders<br />
are supplied in stainless steel with a brushed satin finish.<br />
Alternatively, all uprights, connection pieces, bottom or midrails<br />
and infill holders can be supplied in nylon with stainless steel<br />
handrails.<br />
<strong>Balustrade</strong>s are available with bottom rails and midrails, or with 4<br />
solid infill panel holders as required for each handrail section.<br />
We can also supply 5mm tension wires to order for fitting to<br />
predrilled uprights.<br />
Upright spacing 1100mm (max.), available with anchor fixing,<br />
bolt-through, side fixing or with welded stainless steel plate<br />
(118mm diameter, or 100mm square).<br />
Railing height 900 mm to 1100mm (max). Other centres and<br />
heights are available as required to meet site conditions.<br />
The balustrading is supplied pre-assembled. No on-site<br />
manufacturing is necessary.<br />
Also available with optional tactile elements.<br />
The method of calculating handrail lengths is shown on page 77.<br />
NOTE:<br />
The system may also be supplied with stainless steel handrails<br />
and nylon fittings
www.laidlaw.net<br />
MK BALUSTRADE - TYPES OF UPRIGHT FIXINGS<br />
MK.Type A<br />
Anchor fixing for uprights 40mm diameter.<br />
Supplied with anchor and rose.<br />
MK.Type B<br />
Bolt-through fixing with steel reinforced roses<br />
for uprights 40mm diameter.<br />
Supplied with roses and screw.<br />
MK.Type C<br />
2-point side fixing for uprights 40mm diameter,<br />
distance x as indicated (25 to 80mm), made<br />
of stainless steel, with washers to compen sate<br />
for wall inaccuracies.<br />
Supplied without fixing material.<br />
MK.Type E<br />
Upright fixing with welded stainless steel<br />
plate 10mm thickness, 118mm diameter or<br />
100x100mm square to choose, with 4 nos.<br />
drilling holes 14mm diameter for countersunk<br />
screws.<br />
Supplied without fixings.<br />
40 www.laidlaw.net
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41 www.laidlaw.net<br />
Panel holder MK.406<br />
Clamp type for panels up to 12mm thickness,<br />
to uprights 40mm diameter,<br />
concealed fixing.<br />
Panel holder MK.408<br />
Clamp type for panels up to 12mm thickness,<br />
to uprights 40mm diameter,<br />
concealed fixing.<br />
Offset panel holder MK.410<br />
Screw type for panels, to uprights<br />
40mm diameter, concealed fixing.<br />
Offset handrail<br />
MK BALUSTRADE - PANEL HOLDERS<br />
Panel holders are also available in nylon
www.laidlaw.net<br />
Midrails 40mm or 26mm diameter<br />
<strong>Handrail</strong>s and uprights are made with coloured Nylon sleeves 40mm diameter for uprights only,<br />
40mm or 34mm diameter for handrails and midrails with full length non-corrosive steel core.<br />
Midrails can also be in 40mm or 26mm diameter stainless steel. All bends and connections are<br />
steel reinforced. The quality and thickness of steel is according to the structural requirements of<br />
BS 6180 and BS 6399.<br />
All balustrades are also available with bottom rail.<br />
Building regulation approval must be obtained locally.<br />
Options with tension wires<br />
We can supply 5mm tension wires and pre drilled uprights to order.<br />
Building regulation approval must be obtained locally.<br />
‘PP ‘QE<br />
MK BALUSTRADE - MIDRAIL, TENSION WIRES & OPTIONS<br />
On request horizontal balustrades can also be made curved in a<br />
radius starting at 200mm.<br />
Infill options<br />
For details of infill options please refer to page 63.<br />
Tactile elements<br />
There is an increased public awareness of the need to use tactile<br />
assistance. Tactile elements assist visually impaired and partially<br />
sighted persons to orientate themselves. The elements on the<br />
balustra des indicate first and last steps of stairs and respective<br />
floors.<br />
4 types of optional tactile indicators are available<br />
PP Indicator Pips<br />
QE Projecting Button<br />
ZR Insert Rings<br />
KB Grooves<br />
‘ZR ‘KB<br />
42 www.laidlaw.net
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43 www.laidlaw.net<br />
NT HANDRAIL - GENERAL OVERVIEW<br />
Standard connection to top rail<br />
Reduced diameter connection to top rail
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<strong>Handrail</strong>s NT.Type<br />
The Laidlaw Stainless Steel handrail and balustrade system<br />
achieves the cool, sleek look often favoured in the design of<br />
modern buildings. This aesthetically pleasing and superbly<br />
engineered railing system is often used to complement the<br />
stainless steel finish of other elements of the building, e.g.<br />
lighting and architectural hardware.<br />
All handrails are in stainless steel 40mm or 32mm diameter with<br />
a brushed satin finish.<br />
Brackets with straight supports or 90° bends.<br />
Distance between supports approx. 1300mm<br />
<strong>Handrail</strong> end straight, with 90° bend return with flat end cover<br />
cap or 90° bend return connected to wall and with/without rose<br />
fixed (Description see page 45).<br />
The handrail is supplied pre-assembled, including all corner<br />
pieces, connection elements, screws and fixings.<br />
Available with tactile elements.<br />
The method of calculating handrail lengths is shown on page 77.<br />
NT HANDRAIL - GENERAL OVERVIEW<br />
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Supports type… End types<br />
Removable handrails<br />
Facilitate the cleaning of windows and give access<br />
to service ducts or rooms for example switch<br />
boxes or fire extinguishers. The removable handrails are available<br />
in 32mm, 40mm and 50mm<br />
diameter. The handrail element can be removed<br />
by loosening the sprung locking mechanism.<br />
45 www.laidlaw.net<br />
I II III<br />
Inclination of handrail h = horizontal / s = raking<br />
NT.Type I<br />
With straight handrail supports 26mm diameter solid stainless steel rod with a<br />
brushed finish. Available with or without rose fixing. Concealed fix rose 70mm<br />
diameter, approx. 1300mm apart<br />
NT.Type II (Supplied as Standard)<br />
With 90° angled handrail supports 14mm diameter solid stainless steel rod, with<br />
a brushed finish. Fixed to wall with concealed fix roses, 70mm diameter, approx.<br />
1300mm apart<br />
NT.Type III<br />
With 90° bends 26mm diameter stainless steel with a brushed finish. Available with<br />
or without rose fixing. Concealed fix rose 70mm diameter, approx. 1300mm apart<br />
NT HANDRAIL - HANDRAIL SUPPORT & END TYPES<br />
‘a<br />
‘b<br />
‘c<br />
Ends of handrail ‘a<br />
Straight with stainless steel end cover cap<br />
Ends of handrail ‘b<br />
With 90° bends, with stainless steel end cover cap<br />
Ends of handrail ‘c<br />
Connected with 90° bends to the wall, with / without stainless<br />
steel roses
www.laidlaw.net<br />
‘QE<br />
Curved handrails<br />
On request horizontal handrails can<br />
also be made curved in a radius<br />
starting at 200mm.<br />
NT HANDRAIL - OPTIONS<br />
Tactile elements<br />
There is an increased public awareness of the need to use tactile<br />
assistance. Tactile elements assist visually impaired and partially<br />
sighted persons to orientate themselves. The elements on the<br />
balustra des indicate first and last steps of stairs and respective<br />
floors.<br />
QE Projecting Button<br />
46 www.laidlaw.net
www.laidlaw.net<br />
47 www.laidlaw.net<br />
NT BALUSTRADE - GENERAL OVERVIEW
www.laidlaw.net<br />
<strong>Balustrade</strong>s NT.Type<br />
<strong>Handrail</strong> and uprights of stainless steel, 40mm diameter, with a<br />
satin brushed finish.<br />
With/without bottom rails and with/without midrails, corner<br />
pieces, end pieces, uprights with upright fixings of stainless steel<br />
40mm diameter with a satin brushed finish.<br />
4 infill holders (see pages 51/52) for each railing section, for<br />
drilling or clamping the infill sections, alternatively for infill panels<br />
with offset handrail and panel holders.<br />
We can supply 5mm tension wires and pre drilled uprights to<br />
order.<br />
Upright spacing approx. 1300mm, available with anchor fixing,<br />
bolt-through, side fixing or with welded colour-coated steel plate<br />
(118mm diameter, or 100mm square).<br />
Railing height 900mm to 1100mm (max). Other centres and<br />
heights are available as required to meet site conditions.<br />
No on-site manufacturing is necessary.<br />
Available with tactile elements.<br />
The method of calculating handrail lengths is shown on page 77.<br />
NT BALUSTRADE - GENERAL OVERVIEW<br />
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49 www.laidlaw.net<br />
NT BALUSTRADE - GENERAL OVERVIEW
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NT BALUSTRADE - TYPES OF UPRIGHT FIXING<br />
NT.Type A<br />
Anchor fixing for uprights<br />
40mm diameter.<br />
Supplied with anchor and rose.<br />
NT.Type B<br />
Bolt-through fixing with steel<br />
reinforced roses for uprights<br />
40mm diameter.<br />
Supplied with roses and screw.<br />
NT.Type C<br />
2-point side fixing for uprights<br />
40mm diameter, distance x as indicated<br />
(25 to 80mm), made of stainless steel,<br />
with washers to compen sate wall<br />
inaccuracies.<br />
Supplied without fixing material.<br />
NT.Type E<br />
Upright fixing with welded stainless steel<br />
plate 10mm thickness,<br />
118mm diameter or 100x100mm square<br />
to choose, with 4 nos. drilling holes<br />
14mm diameter for countersunk screws.<br />
Supplied without fixing material.<br />
50 www.laidlaw.net
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51 www.laidlaw.net<br />
NT BALUSTRADE - PANEL HOLDERS<br />
Offset panel holder NT.410<br />
Screw type for panels, to uprights<br />
40mm diameter, concealed fixing.<br />
Offset handrail
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Panel holder NT.416<br />
Clamp type for panels up to 12mm<br />
thickness, to uprights 40mm diameter,<br />
concealed fixing.<br />
NT BALUSTRADE - PANEL HOLDERS<br />
Panel holder NT.418<br />
Clamp type for panels up to 12mm thickness,<br />
to uprights 40mm diameter,<br />
concealed fixing.<br />
52 www.laidlaw.net
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53 www.laidlaw.net<br />
Midrails 40mm, 32mm or 26mm diameter<br />
<strong>Handrail</strong> and uprights are stainless steel 40mm diameter with a<br />
satin brushed finish. Midrails are available in 40mm, 32mm and<br />
26mm diameter stainless steel. All bends and connections are<br />
stainless steel. The quality and dimensions of the steel meet the<br />
design requirements of BS 6180 and BS 6399.<br />
All balustrades are also available with bottom rail.<br />
Building regulation approval must be obtained locally.<br />
NT BALUSTRADE - MIDRAILS & TENSION WIRES<br />
Options with tension wires<br />
We can supply 5mm tension wires and pre drilled uprights to<br />
order.<br />
Building regulation approval must be obtained locally.
www.laidlaw.net<br />
‘QE<br />
NT BALUSTRADE - OPTIONS<br />
Curved handrails<br />
On request horizontal handrails can<br />
also be made curved in a radius<br />
starting at 200mm.<br />
Infill options<br />
For details of infill options please refer<br />
to page 63.<br />
Tactile elements<br />
There is an increased public awareness of the need to use tactile<br />
assistance. Tactile elements assist visually impaired and partially<br />
sighted persons to orientate themselves. The elements on the<br />
balustra des indicate first and last steps of stairs and respective<br />
floors.<br />
‘QE Projecting Button<br />
54 www.laidlaw.net
www.laidlaw.net<br />
55 www.laidlaw.net<br />
The 3kN system handrail<br />
showing the 4mm thick nylon<br />
sleeve over the steel core<br />
3KN BALUSTRADE SYSTEM<br />
Structural stability<br />
Due to the 60mm diameter of the uprights and the 4mm<br />
thickness of the steel tube for the top rail, the balustrade can<br />
resist a uniformly distributed line load of up to 3.0kN/m, making<br />
it suitable for use on all staircases, mezzanine floors and galleries<br />
in assembly areas that may be subject to overcrowding by the<br />
general public.<br />
The 3kN system entirely in stainless steel
www.laidlaw.net<br />
3KN BALUSTRADE SYSTEM - FIXING METHODS<br />
NT.Type A - Anchor fixing<br />
118mm diameter roses<br />
Uprights are grouted using epoxy resin into a pocket in the concrete floor. Suitable for all<br />
Laidlaw system uprights and loadings.<br />
NT.Type C – Side fixing<br />
175mm deep,<br />
70mm Ø pocket<br />
Certite resin mortar<br />
Standard two-point side fixing for securing uprights to a stair string or landing<br />
edge with long bolts. Suitable for all Laidlaw system uprights and loadings, with 60mm<br />
diameter uprights being used for the 3kN system.<br />
NT. Type E - Plate fixing<br />
Countersunk bolts<br />
Normal plate fixing for securing uprights onto a timber deck or a concrete tread/<br />
landing. For the 3kN system, the standard plate is 180mm square, 20mm thick.<br />
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STRUCTURAL GLAZING SYSTEM
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Structural stability<br />
The system can be designed to meet even the most demanding horizontal U.D. line loading<br />
requirements set out in Table 4 of BS 6399-1 (see page 76). The horizontal load capability<br />
depends on the thickness of the glass, for example:<br />
Horizontal line load requirement [kN/m] 0.74 1.5 3.0<br />
Minimum glass pane thickness [mm] 15 19 25<br />
Durability<br />
The Laidlaw structural glass balustrade system is suitable for both internal and external use.<br />
Touch characteristics<br />
Although stainless steel has a greater durability than timber when used externally, the timber<br />
alternative would feel less cold to touch in very cold winter conditions. According to clause 5.10.1<br />
of BS 8300, wood handrails are preferred in these circumstances (see page 76).<br />
Visual clarity<br />
A key issue for people with impaired vision is the appreciation of the borders of the space through<br />
which they need to walk. On the access routes of public buildings, therefore, the use of tinted<br />
glass or manifestation on balustrades will give visually impaired people a greater feeling of security.<br />
As with traditional glass infill panels, the structural toughened glass can be tinted grey, bronze,<br />
green or blue, or receive manifestation in the form of acid etching or an applied emblem or logo.<br />
Health and safety<br />
In buildings likely to be used by children, safety on staircases and landings is paramount.<br />
Approved Document K includes guidance designed to minimise the risk that small children will<br />
become trapped, for example between the bars of the balustrade, or will have a serious accident<br />
as a result of climbing the balustrade. The fact that the Laidlaw structural glass system has no<br />
gaps and is extremely difficult to climb is a major benefit.<br />
Anti-ligature<br />
The structural glass balustrade is particularly suitable for buildings where it is necessary to avoid all<br />
likely ligature points, e.g. for prisons and mental health institutions, in which the Laidlaw range of<br />
Anti-ligature architectural ironmongery is appropriate.<br />
STRUCTURAL GLAZING SYSTEM<br />
Laidlaw’s structural glass balustrade system is based on the<br />
concept of a free-standing balustrade, which does not require<br />
separate uprights and infill panels. There are no gaps through<br />
which a child could squeeze, nor can it be easily climbed.<br />
The glass balustrade<br />
For this system, the toughened glass balustrade is the structural<br />
element that supports the top rail, which can be of solid timber<br />
or stainless steel with a satin brushed finish. In each case, the<br />
top rail has a groove into which the glass balustrade is glued. In<br />
order to accommodate the groove, the diameter of the top rail<br />
is 50mm.<br />
At the base, the glass is clamped between steel sections, which<br />
are bolted to the floor structure following the principles set<br />
out in Annex B of BS 6180 on free-standing toughened glass<br />
balustrades.<br />
Available timbers are as for the Laidlaw Timber system,<br />
namely Beech, European Ash, American Oak or Maple, with<br />
an additional option of Walnut where the total run of top rail is<br />
greater than 100m.<br />
58 www.laidlaw.net
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59 www.laidlaw.net<br />
MODU-LINE - THE INTELLIGENT MODULAR SYSTEM<br />
Modu-Line is an attractive, highly detailed and individual railing<br />
sys tem in high grade stainless steel with a satin brushed finish.<br />
This system creates a unique constructional appearance which<br />
is complementary to modern building styles.<br />
This highly flexible system was developed in co-ordination with<br />
building specialists and perfected by means of a comprehensive<br />
programme of tests and trial prototypes. Modu-Line is designed<br />
to provide functionality and modern design easily and quickly,<br />
whilst meeting all the technical requirements for construction of a<br />
quality handrail and balustrade systems.<br />
Modu-Line offers a wide selection of visual variation, with either<br />
central or offset top rails available in nylon, stainless steel or a<br />
selection of solid timber.<br />
Not only can Modu-Line be factory prepared in the same way<br />
as our other handrail and balustrade systems, but it can also be<br />
ordered as ‘off-the-shelf’ components if required and assembled<br />
on-site. This is particularly beneficial for situations where there<br />
are short lead times or tight deadlines to meet.<br />
Left and below - central handrail in stainless steel<br />
Right - offset handrail in solid European Ash
www.laidlaw.net<br />
MODU-LINE - THE INTELLIGENT MODULAR SYSTEM<br />
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61 www.laidlaw.net<br />
MODU-LINE - THE MODULAR SYSTEM<br />
Modu-Line railing system can be supplied as a pre-assembled handrail or balustrade or it can be<br />
assembled easily on site by builders, shopfitters and ‘fit-out’ specialists using standard components<br />
which require minimal on-site cutting.<br />
• All stainless components have a satin brushed finish<br />
• The tubular components are supplied in standard lengths of 3000mm and 6000mm or cut to<br />
length.<br />
• The toprail can be in nylon, stainless steel or timber, and mounted offset or central.<br />
• Any changes in the angle in the toprail are made with a stainless steel ball joint, the angle can<br />
be set on site and the handrail is connected with a special clamp connector.<br />
• The handrail supports are fitted with a mounting plate and fixed on site for a perfect fit. Precise<br />
adjustment of height and staircase angle are straightforward. There is no need to drill holes in<br />
the upright.<br />
• No need to cut the 40mm diameter uprights. The maximum spacing between uprights is<br />
1000mm.<br />
• The upright fixing options are:<br />
a) Ground anchor with 80mm diameter cover ring<br />
b) 2 point side fixing, height adjustable, side upright spacing optional, option of fixing on site<br />
c) Round stainless steel surface fixing plate suitable for site fixing
www.laidlaw.net<br />
MODU-LINE - THE MODULAR SYSTEM<br />
The handrail supports<br />
<strong>Handrail</strong>s are fitted with a mounting plate and fixed on site for<br />
a perfect fit. Precise adjustment of height and of the required<br />
staircase angle are straightforward and do not require special<br />
components. There is no need to drill holes in the upright.<br />
Options for mid railing or infill:<br />
• Infill panel holders for on site panels or glass up to 12mm<br />
thick between the uprights;<br />
• Infill mountings for offset on-site infill up to thickness<br />
of 12mm;<br />
• Parallel middle rails of stainless steel, 16mm diameter,<br />
2mm wall thickness, joint in uprights<br />
• Parallel offset middle rails of stainless steel, 16mm diameter,<br />
2mm wall thickness<br />
• Additional vertical posts up to 16mm diameter, 2mm wall<br />
thickness, and accessories for the 16mm x 2mm tube such<br />
as end caps, hinges and connecting elements are available in<br />
the range.<br />
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19 White<br />
NCS S 0500-N<br />
RAL-DS 000 95 00<br />
RAL 9016<br />
63 Slate Blue<br />
NCS S 4020-B<br />
RAL-DS 240 50 15<br />
RAL 5014<br />
16 Black<br />
NCS S 9000-N<br />
RAL-DS 000 15 00<br />
RAL 9005<br />
67 Manhattan<br />
NCS S 2502-Y<br />
RAL-DS 080 70 05<br />
RAL 7038<br />
37 Dark Blue<br />
NCS S 7020-R80B<br />
RAL-DS 270 20 25<br />
RAL 5003<br />
11 Blue<br />
NCS S 3560-R80B<br />
RAL-DS 270 30 40<br />
RAL 5002<br />
Beech *European Ash *American<br />
White Oak<br />
COLOUR, FINISH AND OTHER OPTIONS<br />
All nylon handrails and balustrades are available in a range of solid colours which are not surface<br />
applied but are coloured material. The colours will match exactly the colour and gloss level of the<br />
Laidlaw nylon door hardware range, enabling specifiers to colour co-ordinate exactly the hardware<br />
used throughout the building.<br />
For comparison and colour matching purposes we have indicated the most similar colour codes<br />
of the NCS (Natural-Colour-System), RAL-DS (RAL-Design-System) and RAL (RAL Colour Register<br />
841-GL).<br />
Due to the limitations of printing, please check the exact colour with colour samples which are<br />
available from your local Laidlaw Technical consultant.<br />
*Maple<br />
18 Dark Grey<br />
NCS S 7500-N<br />
RAL-DS 000 35 00<br />
RAL 7043<br />
22 Yellow<br />
NCS S 1080-Y10R<br />
RAL-DS 080 80 90<br />
RAL 1023<br />
35 Dark Red<br />
NCS S 1080-Y10R<br />
RAL-DS 080 80 90<br />
RAL 3005<br />
12 Red<br />
NCS S 2570-R<br />
RAL-DS 030 30 45<br />
RAL 3003<br />
13 Green<br />
NCS S 5540-G<br />
RAL-DS 160 30 38<br />
RAL 6016<br />
Timber handrails<br />
A quality beech wood, steamed and kiln dried, surface treated<br />
with colourless SH-lacquer. Timber is used in combina tion<br />
with Nylon and stainless steel elements for indoor handrails<br />
and balustrades. Other timber handrails are also available, in<br />
American White Oak, European Ash and Maple.
www.laidlaw.net<br />
Walnut timber rails in an apartment<br />
block, also showing one-piece<br />
timber top rails<br />
One-piece timber rails<br />
If required, Laidlaw can supply one-piece timber top<br />
rails for the balustrades of the main stair flights, avoiding the<br />
need for stainless steel or nylon ‘T’ connections to uprights. The<br />
staircase opposite shows a one piece handrail fixed to the wall<br />
and a one piece handrail used on the balustrade assembly.<br />
COLOUR, FINISH AND OTHER OPTIONS<br />
As well as the standard components of the handrail and balustrade systems, Laidlaw offer a<br />
number of additional options to satisfy specific requirements for rail materials and/or infill panels.<br />
For details and prices of all the non-standard options, please contact the Laidlaw <strong>Handrail</strong> and<br />
<strong>Balustrade</strong> <strong>Solutions</strong> Enquiry Line on 01902 600420.<br />
The non-standard options we are able to offer are:<br />
• A Walnut timber option for handrails and the top rails of balustrades within the Timber Line<br />
system<br />
• One-piece timber top rails for handrails and balustrades<br />
• Tinted glass infill panels<br />
• Glass infill panels with manifestations<br />
• The extension of the infill below the stair pitch line.<br />
Timber rails in Walnut<br />
Where the standard range of timbers within the Timber Line system (see opposite) do not provide<br />
a sufficient match with other timbers in an interior, Laidlaw offers a Walnut timber option. This<br />
option, and others, are available where the required quantity of handrail and balustrade top rail is<br />
more than 100 metre run in total.<br />
64 www.laidlaw.net
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Types of infill<br />
<strong>Balustrade</strong> infill is available in three basic forms:<br />
• Bottom rails and Midrails<br />
• Solid infill panels, using a variety of materials<br />
• Tension cables<br />
Infill panels<br />
The most common infill material is glass. It maintains an open<br />
character and helps to maximise the amount of light which falls<br />
onto the staircase. However, in some circumstances a more<br />
enclosed feel is required and several forms of solid infill panels<br />
are available including perforated metal sheet and solid laminate<br />
which gives possibilities of colour and finish combinations to be<br />
achieved.<br />
Tension wires used as balustrade infill will need local planning consent<br />
Solid infill panels can be in timber or solid laminate for example<br />
65 www.laidlaw.net<br />
Tinted glass infill panel options<br />
COLOUR, FINISH AND OTHER OPTIONS<br />
Glass infill panels<br />
Glass infill panels are the most popular, as they can be used<br />
for all the Laidlaw balustrade systems and they allow natural<br />
daylight to flood the stairwell. When used in conjunction with<br />
‘screw-stud’ panel holders, glass panels can be provided<br />
in lengths up to 3.5m. For normal applications, the glass is<br />
toughened to European standard EN 12150 to resist impact,<br />
although a bomb-proof film can be applied to the glass, if<br />
required.<br />
Various tinted glass options can be provided.<br />
A simple tint can often be sufficient to ensure that the<br />
boundaries of a stair or landing are recognised by a person with<br />
impaired vision, giving them a feeling of greater security.<br />
GREEN<br />
BLUE<br />
GREY<br />
BRONZE
www.laidlaw.net<br />
Manifestation on glass<br />
Manifestation refers to markings on clear glass doors, screens and other large glazed areas to<br />
ensure that people are aware of the presence of the glass surface.<br />
It is particularly useful for visually impaired people who may not otherwise notice the barrier<br />
sufficiently quickly to avoid an accident.<br />
There is nothing in the Building Regulation Approved Documents requiring manifestation on<br />
balustrade infill panels. However, like tinted glass, it is a way of helping visually impaired people,<br />
while turning a plain glass infill panel into an attractive design feature.<br />
Options for manifestation include designs, company logos, or other emblems created by:<br />
• acid-etching of the glass surface<br />
• surface application of weatherproof markings (decals).<br />
COLOUR, FINISH AND OTHER OPTIONS<br />
Infill extended below the stair pitch line<br />
Where there is no solid string to the stair on the stair well side,<br />
there is the possibility that the open triangle would allow a<br />
sphere of 100mm diameter to pass through (see the guidance in<br />
Approved Document K to the Building Regulations for England<br />
and Wales). To avoid this, Laidlaw can provide a balustrade<br />
infill, that extends below the pitch line of the stair to block this<br />
potentially unsafe gap.<br />
66 www.laidlaw.net
www.laidlaw.net<br />
Curved stainless balustrades with<br />
glass infill installed around all the<br />
central atrium balconies<br />
Nylon system with glass infill panels<br />
67 www.laidlaw.net<br />
System used:<br />
Stainless steel with glass infill<br />
panels<br />
System used:<br />
Nylon with glass infill panels<br />
Project: Charnwood LIFT Health & Social Care Centre<br />
Client: Leicester LIFT Company<br />
Contractor: Laing O-Rourke<br />
The use of Laidlaw systems<br />
Featured on BBC ‘Newsnight’ as an illustration of the Leicester<br />
LIFT public private partnership, the project utilized Laidlaw’s<br />
distinctive stainless steel handrail system, using circular top<br />
rails and glass infill, used extensively in areas such as atrium<br />
balconies, stairwells and corridors, while the nylon handrail<br />
system provided colour co-ordination with Normbau dark grey<br />
door ironmongery.<br />
The Local Improvement Finance Trust was established as a<br />
partnership of public sector organisations including the Eastern<br />
Leicester Primary Care Trust, Leicester City West Primary Care<br />
Trust and Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Partnerships for<br />
Health and private company ExcellCare Limited. In all, around<br />
£29 million is being invested in the city’s health and social care<br />
infrastructure. ‘Partnerships for Health’ Chief Executive Brian<br />
Johns commented “This vision for modern, patient-centred,<br />
state-of-the-art premises will transform health and social care in<br />
the city and is the very essence of what we are trying to do in<br />
LIFT”.<br />
Tiverton Community Hospital, Devon<br />
CASE STUDY - HEALTH SECTOR<br />
Exterior of Charnwood LIFT Health & Social Care Centre<br />
Other Laidlaw clients<br />
• Victoria PCT<br />
• Ipswich Hospital<br />
• Charnwood Health Centre<br />
• Halewood Health Centre<br />
• St. Oswald Hospice<br />
• Clatterbridge Hospital<br />
• Winchester & Eastleigh NHS Trust<br />
• Beaconsfield Health Centre
www.laidlaw.net<br />
“<br />
I have used Laidlaw on a<br />
number of occasions and<br />
they never fail to deliver.<br />
When you put an order<br />
in with Laidlaw, you can<br />
rely on them fabricating<br />
and installing the railing<br />
systems within the<br />
timescales you specify –<br />
and they’re very often up<br />
against tight deadlines.<br />
Adrian Ward, Project<br />
Manager at The Austin<br />
Co<br />
Timber system with glass infill<br />
panels<br />
Nylon system with glass infill panels<br />
System used:<br />
Nylon with Trespa infill panels<br />
System used:<br />
Timber with glass infill panels<br />
Project: Headquarters Building, Macclesfield<br />
Client: Astra Zeneca<br />
Design team: The Austin Company<br />
Contractor: The Austin Company<br />
The use of Laidlaw systems<br />
In a new build facility on the Astra Zeneca Macclesfield site,<br />
Laidlaw won the contract to supply handrail and balustrade<br />
systems for four staircases.<br />
As three of the four staircases are within an area devoted to<br />
highly-sensitive scientific activities, Laidlaw’s Nylon system was<br />
specified. Nylon is the ideal material to use for handrails and<br />
balustrades in this environment as it is resistant to scratching<br />
and can easily be cleaned, reducing the risk of germ build-up.<br />
The fourth staircase, which serves the administration areas, uses<br />
the Laidlaw Timber system in oak, with stainless steel bends.<br />
Infill panels of 10mm clear toughened glass were chosen for all<br />
four staircases<br />
Temple Quay commercial development, Bristol<br />
CASE STUDY - COMMERCIAL<br />
Staircase in administration areas<br />
Other Laidlaw clients<br />
Exterior of the Aztra Zeneca Headquarters<br />
• Pfizer<br />
• Merck, Sharp & Dohme Limited<br />
• Temple Quay, Bristol<br />
• Halifax Building Society<br />
• Lloyds TSB<br />
• Boots the Chemists<br />
• Network Rail<br />
• Nationwide Building Society<br />
• HBOS, Edinburgh<br />
• Westfield Group<br />
68 www.laidlaw.net
www.laidlaw.net<br />
Exterior of Buile Hill School, Salford<br />
Nylon system with perforated infill<br />
panels<br />
69 www.laidlaw.net<br />
System used:<br />
Nylon with perforated infill panels<br />
Project: Harrop and Buile Hill Schools, Salford<br />
Client: Salford Local Education Authority<br />
Design team: EK Architects, Manchester<br />
Contractor: Morgan Ashurst (formerly AMEC)<br />
The use of Laidlaw systems<br />
As part of the Government’s Building Schools for the Future<br />
(BSF) scheme, funding was approved for the £50.23 million<br />
project to rebuild Buile Hill High and Harrop Fold Schools.<br />
Buile Hill High School, rebuilt by Morgan Ashurst on behalf of<br />
Hochtief PPP <strong>Solutions</strong> (UK) Ltd, marked a further landmark<br />
for Laidlaw’s involvement in major education projects. The £31<br />
million mixed comprehensive school has seen extensive use of<br />
the Laidlaw <strong>Handrail</strong> and <strong>Balustrade</strong> system.<br />
The durable, perforated infill panels used are ideal for areas<br />
of intensive use such as schools, while nylon top rails with<br />
a 4mm thick sleeve, coloured right through, will retain their<br />
appearance throughout the 25-year PPP maintenance contract.<br />
The infill panels are particularly effective for stairwells in such<br />
environments as they provide a clearly visible screen and barrier<br />
while enabling light to permeate through them.<br />
Buile Hill School corridor<br />
CASE STUDY - EDUCATION SECTOR<br />
Exterior of Buile Hill School, Salford<br />
Other Laidlaw clients<br />
• University of Edinburgh<br />
• Manchester University<br />
• Aston University<br />
• King Edward VI School<br />
• Linden Lodge School<br />
• Liverpool Community School<br />
• Tunbridge Wells Grammar School<br />
• Flintshire Primary School<br />
• Kingswell Primary School, Aberdeen<br />
• Canterbury High School<br />
• St. Bedes School<br />
• Aberdeen University
www.laidlaw.net<br />
“<br />
Westfield asked retailers<br />
to produce something<br />
special for the centre<br />
and this offered a<br />
great opportunity for<br />
us to trial a range of<br />
new design features.<br />
We have focused on<br />
helping our customers<br />
to shop easily in an<br />
environment which<br />
”<br />
feels<br />
really special.<br />
Tessa Clark,<br />
Head of Store Design,<br />
Marks & Spencer<br />
System used:<br />
Structural glazing with square<br />
section stainless handrail<br />
Europe’s biggest retail outlet, the recently opened £1.6 billion,<br />
42-acre, 300-store Westfield-London Shopping Centre in White<br />
City saw several leading retailers use Laidlaw handrail and<br />
balustrade systems, doorsets and ironmongery . These included<br />
the prestigious Marks and Spencer, House of Fraser, Boots and<br />
FCUK outlets.<br />
The M&S design style required a greater sense of open space.<br />
Laidlaw’s Square Top <strong>Handrail</strong> System with Structural Glass was<br />
therefore used around all escalator areas at the 103,000 square<br />
foot, 3-floor flagship store. The free-standing balustrade requires<br />
no separate uprights and there are no gaps through which a<br />
child might squeeze. The toughened glass structural balustrade<br />
supports a 50mm top rail with a groove cut into it to enable the<br />
components to be fully adhered to one another. At the base, the<br />
glass is clamped between steel sections which are bolted to the<br />
floor structure.<br />
Marks & Spencer store in Westfield White City shopping centre<br />
Project: Westfield White City Shopping Centre, London<br />
Client: Marks and Spencer, House of Fraser, Boots and FCUK<br />
Design team: Lewis & Hickey, London<br />
CASE STUDY - RETAIL SECTOR<br />
Exterior of the Westfield White City Shopping Centre<br />
Other Laidlaw clients<br />
• Sainsbury<br />
• Wilkinson’s<br />
• Matalan<br />
• Pearce Retail<br />
• Carlsberg/Tetley Brewers<br />
• Boots the Chemist<br />
• Midas Retail<br />
• Asda<br />
• RG Group<br />
70 www.laidlaw.net
www.laidlaw.net<br />
“<br />
The reduction in vertical<br />
balustrades enables the<br />
use of larger perforated<br />
infill panels. Visually this<br />
creates a more pleasing<br />
staircase in an<br />
”<br />
area<br />
which will sustain heavy<br />
pedestrian usage.<br />
Architect, Andy<br />
Robinson<br />
Detail of handrail and top rail<br />
terminations<br />
Nylon-sleeved rail with reduced<br />
diameter connection to upright<br />
2-point side fixing to stair string<br />
71 www.laidlaw.net<br />
System used:<br />
3kN with nylon handrails and<br />
perforated stainless steel infill<br />
The use of Laidlaw systems<br />
The requirement was for a handrail and balustrade system that<br />
could withstand heavy use by customers to the store, but was<br />
easy and quick to install. Laidlaw were successful in winning the<br />
contract to supply and install the new system principally because<br />
their 3kN system had been developed specifically to meet this<br />
requirement. It is a component-based system, manufactured to<br />
meet the heavier horizontal loading standards of BS 6399 for<br />
buildings where the general public potentially congregate in large<br />
numbers.<br />
The handrails and the top rails of the balustrade are of 40mm<br />
diameter dark grey nylon-sleeved steel. The 60mm diameter<br />
heavy-duty stainless steel balustrade uprights are used in<br />
conjunction with 3mm thick perforated stainless steel infill panels<br />
– chosen for their strength, but also because they allow light to<br />
permeate through.<br />
ASDA store, Merthyr Tydfil<br />
Project: Supermarket, Selsdon, Surrey<br />
Client: Sainsbury<br />
Design team: Pick Everard<br />
Contractor: Rokbuild<br />
CASE STUDY - RETAIL SECTOR<br />
Stainless steel perforated panel infill<br />
Other Laidlaw clients<br />
• Wilkinson’s<br />
• Marks & Spencer<br />
• Matalan<br />
• Ideal Store<br />
• Carlsberg/Tetley Brewers<br />
• Boots the Chemist<br />
• Co-op<br />
• Asda<br />
• Simpsons (York)<br />
Exterior view of Sainsbury’s, Selsdon
www.laidlaw.net<br />
“<br />
We were delighted with<br />
the railing system installed<br />
by Laidlaw. The nylon top<br />
rails should be easy to<br />
maintain, which is ideal<br />
in an environment used<br />
by hundreds of people<br />
every day. And being<br />
4mm thick, the material<br />
will retain its colour and<br />
appearance for longer.<br />
Working alongside Laidlaw<br />
was easy too. The<br />
Laidlaw Nylon system<br />
is an easy-to-assemble<br />
modular product that<br />
requires minimum on-site<br />
labour and yet looks very<br />
effective.<br />
”<br />
Estates Manager, John<br />
Smith<br />
Detail of nylon system with<br />
glass infill<br />
System used:<br />
Nylon with Glass infill panels<br />
The use of Laidlaw systems<br />
Project: Higher Education College, Leeds<br />
Client: Trinity & All Saints College<br />
Design team: Estates Department<br />
Trinity & All Saints College is a higher education college,<br />
accredited by the University of Leeds, with an excellent<br />
reputation for undergraduate and postgraduate courses.<br />
Laidlaw’s Nylon railing system was the perfect choice when they<br />
refurbished the main part of the college, including 26 staircases.<br />
Conscious of the guidance in Approved Document M that<br />
handrails and balustrades should contrast with any background,<br />
navy blue nylon-sleeved steel top rails and uprights were chosen<br />
with 10mm clear glass infill panels. It was because Laidlaw<br />
offer a choice of 12 colours for the nylon sleeve that Trinity & All<br />
Saints College was able to select an option that complemented<br />
its corporate colours.<br />
Great care was taken to ensure that the detailing<br />
of the handrails and balustrades was in line with AD M<br />
guidelines. In particular, handrails and balustrades followed<br />
the key heights above the pitch line and landings, and the<br />
connection of the uprights to the top rail from the underside<br />
ensured that grip was uninterrupted along the rail.<br />
Disney Pier, Hong Kong Jubilee Public Library, Brighton<br />
CASE STUDY - REFURBISHMENT<br />
<strong>Balustrade</strong>s to stairway beside platform lift<br />
Interior of Trinity and All Saints College<br />
Other Laidlaw clients<br />
• Henley College<br />
• University of Edinburgh<br />
• Manchester University<br />
• Harrow High School<br />
• King Edward VI School<br />
• Linden Lodge School<br />
• Liverpool Community School<br />
• Tunbridge Wells Grammar School<br />
• Mountfield Primary School<br />
• Emmanuel School<br />
• Buile Hill School<br />
72 www.laidlaw.net
www.laidlaw.net<br />
“<br />
With the development at<br />
308 Clyde Street having<br />
such spectacular views<br />
over Glasgow’s skyline,<br />
it was important that we<br />
installed a balustrade that<br />
did not obstruct or detract<br />
from this view.<br />
We wanted a<br />
sophisticated and modern<br />
look to complement the<br />
style and feel of the<br />
apartments – Laidlaw’s<br />
glass balustrade system<br />
met all our criteria and<br />
significantly contributed<br />
to the overall look of the<br />
development which went<br />
on to pick up a ‘What<br />
House Magazine’<br />
”<br />
award<br />
and the ‘NHBC Scottish<br />
Regional’ award.<br />
Craig Proudfoot,<br />
Treetops Project<br />
Co-ordinator<br />
Tinted glass infill panels, offset<br />
from the uprights<br />
Picture window with access to<br />
balcony<br />
73 www.laidlaw.net<br />
System used:<br />
Stainless steel with tinted glass<br />
infill panels<br />
The use of Laidlaw systems<br />
Project: Vantage Development, Clyde Street, Glasgow<br />
Client: Treetops Development Company Ltd.<br />
Design team: Jewitt, Arschavir and Wilkie<br />
Contractor: Treetops Development Company Ltd.<br />
Vantage is a prize-winning landmark development of 22 boutique<br />
apartments and penthouses, which is built on Clyde Street at<br />
the foot of the Clyde Bridge.<br />
Kit Walker, the Treetops Managing Director, wanted the design<br />
to take full advantage of the location and was delighted that<br />
each of the 22 apartments had a view across the Glasgow<br />
waterfront to the south of the city.<br />
The penthouse levels 10 and 11, which are stepped back,<br />
feature large floor to ceiling glass facades to maximise the view<br />
across the city. The Laidlaw Stainless steel balustrade system,<br />
with green-tinted glass infill panels, was chosen to provide<br />
safe guarding to the balconies of the penthouse levels, without<br />
compromising the spectacular views across the Glasgow skyline<br />
from within the apartments.<br />
A luxury house, Cardiff<br />
CASE STUDY - HOUSING SECTOR<br />
Interior of the apartment showing clear views over the city<br />
Glass balustrade lets light deep into the apartment<br />
Other Laidlaw clients<br />
• Bloor Homes<br />
• W E Black<br />
• The Riverside Group<br />
• Gladman Homes<br />
• Mayquest
www.laidlaw.net<br />
“<br />
Once we had given them<br />
the order, Laidlaw were<br />
able to gear their delivery<br />
to our very tight work<br />
programme, due to the<br />
fact that their system is<br />
made up of stock<br />
components.<br />
Then, when they came to<br />
fit the balustrading, we<br />
could see for ourselves<br />
the advantages.<br />
For example, they were<br />
able to install it much faster<br />
than usual because<br />
large sections were put<br />
together in their factory.<br />
Nick Gale<br />
Contracts Manager<br />
”<br />
System used:<br />
Combi, with tension wire and glass<br />
infill panels<br />
The use of Laidlaw systems<br />
CASE STUDY - DDA REFURBISHMENT<br />
Project: Headquarters Ambulance Station, Hellesdon, Suffolk<br />
Client: East Anglian Ambulance NHS Trust<br />
Contractor: T Gill & Son<br />
Hellesdon is the headquarters of the East Anglian Ambulance<br />
NHS Trust, which covers the counties of Cambridgeshire,<br />
Norfolk and Suffolk. Since the Trust<br />
is defined as a ‘service provider’ under Part lll of the Disability<br />
Discrimination Act (DDA), it is their duty to make reasonable<br />
adjustments to ensure that disabled members of the public are<br />
not discriminated against because of their disability.<br />
In this case, the Trust decided that they needed to<br />
install a ramped access, in addition to the steps already<br />
provided and, because the ramp needed to be more than 2m<br />
long, they followed the recommendations in<br />
BS 8300 that there should be a handrail on both sides. Also,<br />
even though there is no requirement for guarding under Part K of<br />
the Building Regulations, the Trust wanted to provide protection<br />
so that wheelchair users could not inadvertently roll under the<br />
ramp’s handrail.<br />
Laidlaw’s Combi system, with nylon-sleeved steel balustrade<br />
top rails and stainless steel uprights, was selected for the<br />
refurbishment on the basis that the nylon gave a hand hold that<br />
was not cold to touch, yet the stainless steel was compatible<br />
with the design of the rest of the building. For the ramp access,<br />
a balustrade infill of stainless steel strained wire was selected to<br />
minimise the visual impact and a lower rail of stainless steel was<br />
used as a physical barrier to wheelchairs at ground level.<br />
The guarding, which runs from the end of the ramp access to<br />
the entrance of the building is at a higher level and includes<br />
glass infill panels. These are etched with manifestation (the name<br />
and badge of the ambulance service) to make the presence<br />
of the barrier apparent to visually impaired people leaving the<br />
building.<br />
Exterior of the East Anglian Ambulance Service Headquarters<br />
The entrance balustrade showing 2-point side fixing<br />
Other Laidlaw clients<br />
• Wates<br />
• Rok Build<br />
• The Riverside Group<br />
• Osborne Rail<br />
• Mowlems plc<br />
• Morgan Est Rail<br />
• Newcastle Council<br />
• RG Group<br />
• Laing O’Rourke<br />
• Norwest Holst<br />
• Kier<br />
74 www.laidlaw.net
www.laidlaw.net<br />
Jubilee Public Library, Brighton<br />
• Prime Minister’s<br />
Better Public Building Award<br />
• PFI Award:<br />
Operational Project with<br />
Best Design<br />
• Regional <strong>RIBA</strong> Award: Best<br />
Designed Public Building in<br />
the<br />
South East<br />
• Sussex Heritage Awards:<br />
The Community Award<br />
• Building Services Awards:<br />
Major Building of the Year<br />
2005<br />
• CIBSE: Major Project of the<br />
Year 2005.<br />
<strong>Handrail</strong> heights for steps and stairs<br />
900 to 1100<br />
(840 to 1000)<br />
above pitch line<br />
900 to 1100<br />
(840 to 1000)<br />
300mm<br />
min<br />
Building regulations<br />
England and Wales – Approved Document M (2004) – Access<br />
to and use of buildings<br />
The 2004 edition of Approved Document M<br />
includes updated sections for non-domestic buildings. The<br />
main requirement no longer makes specific reference to<br />
disabled people, but requires that reasonable provision is made<br />
to ensure that buildings are accessible and usable. The aim is<br />
to make buildings more ‘inclusive’ by satisfying the needs of all<br />
users, regardless of disability, age or gender.<br />
Part M applies not only to new developments, but also to existing<br />
buildings that are subject to altera tions, extensions and changes<br />
of use.<br />
In respect of handrails (and by implication balustrade top rails),<br />
the guidance in Approved Document M relates to:<br />
• The size, profile, spacing and termination of handrails.<br />
• The location and extent of handrails on steps, ramps and<br />
landings.<br />
• The surface characteristics of handrails in relation to grip, touch<br />
and visual contrast.<br />
In order to reconcile some of the differences between the 2001<br />
edition of BS 8300 and the 2004 version of Approved Document<br />
M, a number of key issues that concerned the construction<br />
industry were reviewed and incorporated in an amendment to BS<br />
8300 in 2005<br />
(see page 57).<br />
As a result, The ODPM have made available a web page of<br />
FAQs, which explains that, in respect of these key issues, the<br />
recommendations in the amendment to<br />
BS 8300 can be considered an acceptable, and more up-todate,<br />
alternative to the guidance in Approved Document M<br />
(2004). The FAQs can be found in the Building Regulations area<br />
of the ODPM web site.<br />
England and Wales – Approved Document K<br />
(amended 2000) – Protection from falling,<br />
collision and impact<br />
Guidance in AD K indicates that the top rail of balustrades<br />
should be no lower than 1100mm for the edges of landings and<br />
balconies. In addition, measures are included to prevent the head<br />
of a child under 5 years of age becoming trapped through the<br />
guarding.<br />
300mm<br />
min<br />
600 where a second handrail is provided for children or<br />
people of short stature – install only where there is a full<br />
height structural guarding to prevent accidents if the handrail<br />
were climbed by a child<br />
Note: Dimensions for Scotland in brackets<br />
75 www.laidlaw.net<br />
900 to 1100<br />
(840 to 1000)<br />
LEGISLATION, REGULATIONS & STANDARDS<br />
Laidlaw technical advisors are able to advise on legislation currently in force, in particular on how to meet Building Regulation<br />
requirements and how to design handrails and balustrades to accommodate disabled people and avoid the risk of litigation under<br />
the DDA.<br />
Externally<br />
12 risers max.for a going less than 350<br />
18 risers max. for a going of 350 or more<br />
(generally, 16 risers maximum)<br />
Internally<br />
12 risers max.<br />
16 risers max, in small premises where space is<br />
restricted (generally, 16 risers maximum)<br />
For buildings likely to be used by children under 5,<br />
a 100mm sphere should not be able to pass through any<br />
opening in the guarding and children should not readily be able<br />
to climb the guarding.<br />
In addition, another FAQ on the ODPM web site indicates that,<br />
subject to approval by Building Control, a triangular opening<br />
between the guarding, the tread and the riser is acceptable,<br />
provided that the bottom of the guarding is not more than 50mm<br />
above the pitch line (measured perpendicular to the pitch line).<br />
Scotland – Non-domestic Technical Handbook –<br />
Section 4 – Safety<br />
Guidance on meeting the functional requirements in the Building<br />
(Scotland) regulations 2004 is set out in Technical<br />
Handbooks, one for domestic and the other for nondomestic<br />
buildings. All guidance that was previously in<br />
Part S of the Technical Standards is now distributed throughout<br />
the Technical Handbooks, although many of the issues relating to<br />
accessibility are in Section 4 of the non-domestic volume.<br />
In relation to handrails and balustrades, Section 4.3 deals<br />
with stairs and ramps and Section 4.4, pedestrian protective<br />
barriers. The relevant heights of handrails shown in the Technical<br />
Handbook are shown in the diagram below, but there is no<br />
guidance on the size and profile of any handrail, nor its spacing<br />
from an enclosing wall.<br />
Northern Ireland – Part R (2000) –<br />
Access and facilities for disabled people<br />
Guidance on meeting the requirements of the Building<br />
Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2000 is currently as the 1999<br />
edition of Approved Document M for England and Wales, except<br />
that the diameter of the circular handrail is shown as<br />
between 38 and 50mm.<br />
However, consultation on an updated version of the<br />
Technical Handbook is now concluded and the revised edition is<br />
likely to be published later in 2006. This will generally reflect the<br />
guidance in the 2004 edition of<br />
Approved Document M, but is likely to follow the most recent<br />
recommendations of the 2005 amendment<br />
of BS 8300.<br />
<strong>Handrail</strong> design<br />
Spacing from wall<br />
60-75<br />
50 min<br />
50 max<br />
Circular handrail with diameter<br />
40-45 (32-45)<br />
Ramped<br />
or stepped<br />
access<br />
15 min radius<br />
Non-circular handrail,<br />
preferably 50 wide with<br />
rounded edges<br />
Note: Dimensions from BS 8300 in brackets
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NB: The horizontal uniformly<br />
distributed line load should<br />
be assumed to act at a<br />
height of 1100mm above<br />
the floor or pitch line,<br />
irrespective of the height of<br />
the actual barrier. The three<br />
load types are not additive,<br />
but need to be treated as<br />
three separate load cases.<br />
The DDA<br />
The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (DDA)<br />
The Disability Discrimination Act is human rights legislation,<br />
which imposes a duty on employers (under Part ll) and<br />
people or organisations that provide a service to the public<br />
(under Part lll), not to discriminate on grounds of disability. For<br />
education buildings, the Special Educational Needs and Disability<br />
Act 2001(SENDA) imposes a similar duty on establishments<br />
providing educational services.<br />
A building, or a design solution, cannot be DDA-compliant. It<br />
can only be designed or built in a way that helps people meet<br />
their duties in the Act and, therefore, minimise the risk of a legal<br />
challenge. For many existing buildings, it will be necessary to<br />
make ‘reasonable adjustments’ to certain ‘physical features’, e.g.<br />
to widen a doorway or to modify a staircase, where otherwise<br />
it would impossible or unreasonably difficult to accommodate a<br />
disabled person.<br />
Since any alterations to a building need to comply with building<br />
regulations, the guidance in Approved Document M, Section 4<br />
of the Scottish Technical Handbook and Part R of the Northern<br />
Ireland regulations will be the first reference point for suitable<br />
design solutions.<br />
However, for issues that are not covered in the regulations, the<br />
recommendations in the most recent edition of BS 8300 should<br />
be followed.<br />
British Standards<br />
BS 8300: 2009<br />
Design of buildings and their approaches to meet the needs<br />
of disabled people – Code of Practice<br />
BS 8300 provides good practice recommendations on the design<br />
of buildings so that they are convenient for use by disabled<br />
people. It is widely used as a reference document for guidance<br />
on issues not specifically covered in building regulations.<br />
The Standard, first introduced in 2001 has now undergone a<br />
complete review incorporating research by BRE into accidents<br />
on steps and stairs. The issues contained within the revised<br />
standard for handrails and balustrades are:<br />
• The dimensions for circular handrails and their spacing from an<br />
enclosing wall.<br />
• The definition of ‘visual contrast’ in relation to ‘light reflectance<br />
values’ (LRVs).<br />
• The application of ‘not cold to the touch’.<br />
<strong>Handrail</strong> dimensions<br />
In the 2009 review of BS 8300, convergence has been achieved<br />
with BS 5395 Pt1 with the emphasis being placed on achieving<br />
a ‘power grip’ to reduce the incidence of falls on stairs. The<br />
optimum external perimeter of the handrail is established at<br />
100 - 140mm, giving a corresponding diameter for a circular<br />
handrail of 32 - 45mm (previously 40 - 50mm).<br />
The spacing from an enclosing wall has also been increased in<br />
line with AD M and is now recommended as 60 - 75mm.<br />
LEGISLATION, REGULATIONS & STANDARDS<br />
Visual contrast<br />
A person’s perception of visual contrast between two surfaces<br />
appears to be strongly correlated with the difference in the<br />
amount of light reflected from their surfaces, i.e. their light<br />
reflectance values (LRVs). In theory, a perfect white has an LRV<br />
of 100 and jet black, 0, but these values are never achieved in<br />
practice.<br />
Whereas AD M (2004) gives a rigid definition of visual contrast<br />
(where there is a 30 point difference in LRV), the 2005<br />
amendment to BS 8300 recognises that visual perception is<br />
affected by the relative area of surfaces and whether they are<br />
textured, curved, metallic or glossy.<br />
The latest guidance is that, although a difference in LRV of 30<br />
points is a reliable indicator of visual contrast, there is anecdotal<br />
evidence that a difference of about 20 points may still be<br />
acceptable. Differences in LRV are most important between small<br />
and large areas, e.g. a lever handle and a door, than between<br />
large areas, such as walls and floors. High gloss should be<br />
avoided for doors and elements with a larger surface area.<br />
Not cold to the touch<br />
It has been a long standing recommendation within BS 8300<br />
that handrails used externally should not be ‘cold to the touch’.<br />
This aspect was supported in the 2005 revision to the standard<br />
stating that external metal handrails can become extremely cold<br />
and uncomfortable to hold and therefore represent a safety<br />
hazard. To minimise these effects, metal handrails having a<br />
coating material with a low thermal conductivity such as plastics<br />
were preferred.<br />
However, the 2009 review recognised the need to resist<br />
vandalism and misuse. Whilst the avoidance of discomfort from<br />
excessive heat or cold remains an essential recommendation<br />
within BS 8300, the use of stainless steel handrails externally is<br />
now considered acceptable due to its comparatively low thermal<br />
conductivity and the need to address the issues of vandalism and<br />
misuse.<br />
BS 6399 Loadings for buildings – Part 1: Code<br />
of practice for dead and imposed loads<br />
This is the standard referred to in Approved Document K for<br />
details of the horizontal forces that barriers should be capable of<br />
resisting. In the standard, Table 4 gives the ‘characteristic’ design<br />
loads on parapets, barriers and balustrades (see simplified table<br />
below, based on Table 4).<br />
BS 6180 – Barriers in and about buildings<br />
– Code of practice<br />
This British Standard reiterates the minimum barrier height for<br />
guarding of 1100mm in Approved Document K. It also gives<br />
specific recommendations for barriers of concrete, glass, metals,<br />
plastics and timber, as well as generic site fixing details.<br />
Horizontal ‘characteristic’ design loads on balustrades<br />
U.D. horizontal U.D load on Point load<br />
line load the infill on infill<br />
Load conditions [kN/m] [kN/m2] [kN]<br />
Areas, such as stairs, landings, corridors, ramps, external balconies<br />
and edges of roofs, where people congregate without overcrowding.<br />
0.74 1.0 0.5<br />
Restaurants and bars, retail and public areas not subject to 1.5 1.5 1.5<br />
overcrowding and pedestrian areas in car parks.<br />
Retail areas, theatres, cinemas, bars, auditoria, shopping malls, 3.0 1.5 1.5<br />
discothèques and assembly areas, subject to overcrowding.<br />
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L2<br />
L1<br />
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L3<br />
The benefits of Laidlaw’s component-based system<br />
• Having a stock of key components ensures quick delivery and the fact that the majority of the assembly<br />
is carried out in the factory ensures a speedy installation once on site.<br />
GUIDE TO HANDRAIL LENGTHS<br />
Caluclating <strong>Handrail</strong> Lengths<br />
When specifying the length of a Laidlaw handrail or to determine<br />
a length of run of handrail the following principles apply:<br />
1. In all instances the longest length is taken including<br />
handrails which are angled or splayed<br />
2. At bends the outer angled length is taken<br />
3. Rail lengths shown are L1 + L2 + L3<br />
L1 + L2 + L3 + L4 + L5<br />
• The finished product is aesthetically superior to one that is made up on site because there are no unsightly welds, no sharp edges or angles, no<br />
deformation of bends and no grinding is necessary.<br />
• A consistent finish is obtained within an individual installation and the same appearance is guaranteed<br />
in projects throughout the UK.<br />
• The top rail and infill panels are demountable, making<br />
it easy to repair the balustrade without damaging the surroundings.<br />
• The installation is sustainable as, at the end of the life<br />
of the building, all components are recyclable.<br />
L1<br />
L2<br />
L3<br />
L4<br />
L5
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All installations are built to order based on the original site<br />
measurements taken by our survey team, or from architects’<br />
drawings. Following the preparation and client approval of<br />
Laidlaw’s production drawings, the handrails and balustrades<br />
are fabricated to the agreed measurements, using stock<br />
components.<br />
To minimise on-site work, as many components as possible are<br />
assembled in the factory and supplied individually packed and<br />
wrapped to site to avoid damage. This method ensures that no<br />
cutting, bending or measurement of handrails and the balustrade<br />
structure is required on site. This means that there is less on-site<br />
assembly and overall installation time is reduced.<br />
Once the uprights and rails are in place, checks are made to<br />
ensure that line and level are correct before finally securing<br />
the uprights. Uprights, connectors and infill panel holders are<br />
secured using an Allen Key, with the screw head tucked into<br />
the upright to ensure a smooth, hidden connection. A protective<br />
covering is left on the handrails to provide protection against<br />
damage if other building work is being carried out in the building.<br />
When the balustrade uprights and top rails are fixed, infill<br />
panel templates are produced to ensure that the panels are<br />
manufactured to accurate sizes. The panels are produced offsite,<br />
then brought to site to be fitted into the balustrade quickly<br />
and easily using the clamps previously fixed to the uprights.<br />
Alternatively, panels can be made available for installation at the<br />
same time as the balustrade rail components, saving time in the<br />
overall programme.<br />
‘In-line’ infill panels are secured with 4 clamps, top and bottom,<br />
each side; ‘offset’ infill panels, by ‘screw-stud’ panel holders, top<br />
and bottom.<br />
When all is complete and no further damage is likely to occur,<br />
the protective covering on the handrails and balustrade is<br />
removed.<br />
Installation<br />
Laidlaw offers a complete design, supply and installation service<br />
for their factory-assembled handrail and balustrade systems.<br />
Installation is the final stage in the process and, by adopting the<br />
best principles of supply chain management and using specialist<br />
fixing teams, Laidlaw ensures that the final installation is in strict<br />
accordance with the original design.<br />
GUIDE TO INSTALLATION<br />
Checking the top rail is level<br />
before tightening the fixings.<br />
Connecting the uprights, top<br />
rails and infill panel holders<br />
using an Allen Key.<br />
Fixing an in-line glass infill panel<br />
to the four ‘clamp’ type panel<br />
holders – note protection to<br />
top rail.<br />
78 www.laidlaw.net
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<strong>Handrail</strong> & <strong>Balustrade</strong> <strong>Solutions</strong> Enquiry Line:<br />
T: 01902 600420 F: 01902 602315 E: handrail@laidlaw.net<br />
Barnstaple<br />
Unit 1, Brannam Crescent<br />
Roundswell Business Park (West)<br />
Barnstaple, North Devon<br />
EX31 3TD<br />
T: 01271 311920<br />
F: 01271 311929<br />
Bristol<br />
Unit 8, Riverside Business Park<br />
St. Annes Road, St. Annes<br />
Bristol BS4 4ED<br />
T: 0117 300 3980<br />
F: 0117 980 3058<br />
Cardiff<br />
Ty Cefnfor, Ocean Park<br />
Cardiff CF24 5PE<br />
T: 029 2047 1808<br />
F: 029 2049 0250<br />
Gateshead<br />
Unit 1 Halifax Court<br />
Halifax Road<br />
Dunston, Gateshead<br />
Tyne & Wear NE11 9JT<br />
T: 0191 461 4100<br />
F: 0191 461 4101<br />
Glasgow<br />
4 Clifford Court<br />
171 Woodville Street<br />
Ibrox Business Park<br />
Glasgow G51 2RQ<br />
T: 0141 445 8892<br />
F: 0141 445 8871<br />
Kinmel Bay<br />
Unit 37 Tir Llwyd Industrial Estate<br />
St Asaph Avenue<br />
Kinmel Bay, Rhyl<br />
North Wales LL18 5JA<br />
T: 01745 332151<br />
F: 01745 332493<br />
Laidlaw Gulf LLC<br />
PO Box 185292<br />
Dubai<br />
United Arab Emirates<br />
T: +971 (0) 4885 7404<br />
F: +971 (0) 4885 7414<br />
Liverpool<br />
3 - 5 Century Building<br />
Summers Road<br />
Brunswick Business Park<br />
Liverpool, Merseyside L3 4BL<br />
T: 0151 709 9438<br />
F: 0151 709 9455<br />
London<br />
The Building Centre<br />
26 Store Street<br />
London WC1E 7BT<br />
T: 0207 436 0779<br />
F: 0207 436 0740<br />
Perth<br />
PO Box 15, Arran Road<br />
Perth PH1 3DU<br />
T: 01738 620581<br />
F: 01738 633262<br />
Salford<br />
Centurion House<br />
Dakota Avenue, Salford<br />
Manchester M50 2PU<br />
T: 0161 848 0101<br />
F: 0161 872 9313<br />
Sheffield<br />
Unit 4<br />
Sheffield Industrial Estate<br />
Surbiton Street<br />
Sheffield S9 2DN<br />
T: 0114 243 8916<br />
F: 0114 242 6591<br />
Willenhall<br />
Strawberry Lane<br />
Willenhall<br />
West Midlands<br />
WV13 3RS<br />
T: 01902 600400<br />
F: 01902 600490<br />
York<br />
Saturn Architectural <strong>Solutions</strong> Ltd<br />
Unit 9 Harrier Court<br />
Airfield Business Park<br />
Elvington, York YO41 4EA<br />
T:01904 608864<br />
F: 01904 607759<br />
Laidlaw subscribes to NBS Plus which contains full specification clauses for all Laidlaw<br />
products and is a <strong>RIBA</strong> approved supplier of CPD seminars.<br />
Laidlaw also subscribes and is an active member of The Guild of Architectural Ironmongers<br />
(GAI) which is a recognised body that promotes standards in integrity and excellence in the<br />
business of architectural ironmongery.<br />
a d v a n c i n g a r c h i t e c t u r a l i r o n m o n g e r y<br />
g a i m e m b e r<br />
HA<br />
Chas Accredited<br />
CONTRACTORS HEALTH & SAFETY ASSESSMENT SCHEME<br />
As the UK's leading specifier and supplier of architectural ironmongery, doorsets,<br />
handrail & balustrading and access control solutions, Laidlaw offers its unique<br />
service through a national network of 13 sales offices and trade counters.<br />
Each Laidlaw sales office is supported by a centralised distribution centre at<br />
Willenhall which has the capacity to pack and despatch individual items or by<br />
doorset.<br />
To email a UK sales office use the following format:<br />
info.office@laidlaw.net<br />
(e.g. info.bristol@laidlaw.net)<br />
Sales Office<br />
Trade Counter<br />
Distribution Centre<br />
Architectural Ironmongery <strong>Solutions</strong><br />
Laidlaw is the leading specifier, distributor and technical service provider<br />
of architectural ironmongery to the UK construction industry. As with all<br />
its product portfolios, Laidlaw's huge range of architectural ironmongery,<br />
including the renowned Orbis brand, is designed to comply with European<br />
building standards.<br />
Doorset <strong>Solutions</strong><br />
Laidlaw has pioneered the Orbis Doorsets solution which is supplied<br />
complete with the door, frame, architraves and factory fitted ironmongery to<br />
maximise efficiency and minimise on-site work.<br />
<strong>Handrail</strong> and <strong>Balustrade</strong> <strong>Solutions</strong><br />
Using a modular system in either stainless steel, nylon, timber or a<br />
combination of these, Laidlaw's handrail and balustrade solutions are<br />
designed to satisfy each client's specifications. Offering the complete<br />
technical service, highly trained staff are involved at every stage of each<br />
project, from site surveys and design through to supply and installation.<br />
Access <strong>Solutions</strong><br />
From simple masterkeyed cylinders up to state-of-the-art biometric access<br />
control and automatics, we have the expertise to design and supply an<br />
integrated system which will manage the access into and around even the<br />
most complex buildings to suit each specific application.<br />
While Laidlaw has taken every care to ensure the accuracy of information, data and<br />
advice contained in this literature, no liability in respect of such information whether given<br />
negligently or not can be accepted by the company. Due to variations in the printing<br />
process, actual colours may differ from those shown. Laidlaw retains the right to amend the<br />
technical specification of any range of equipment shown.<br />
As part of continual efforts to reduce our carbon footprint, this brochure was printed on a<br />
FSC approved paper stock which originates from well-managed forests, controlled sources<br />
and recycled wood or fibre as indicated by the logo below.<br />
RS 10508<br />
© Laidlaw <strong>Solutions</strong> Limited April 2010/L101/005<br />
EMS 531228