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Pushing the boundaries of the thermal conductivity of materials

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Brief introduction to <strong>the</strong>rmoelectric <strong>materials</strong><br />

• Solid-state heat pump; <strong>the</strong>rmal efficiency<br />

governed by <strong>the</strong> “figure <strong>of</strong> merit” ZT<br />

ZT<br />

2<br />

S σT<br />

= Λ<br />

Lon Bell, Science (2008)<br />

S = Seebeck coefficient<br />

σ = electrical <strong>conductivity</strong><br />

Λ = <strong>the</strong>rmal <strong>conductivity</strong>

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