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58 Strubbe D. & Matthysen E., 2009c. Predicting the potential distribution of invasive ringnecked parakeets Psittacula krameri in northern Belgium using an ecological niche modelling approach. Biological Invasions, 11: 497-513. Taylor B. W. & Irwin R. E. 2004. Linking economic activities to the distribution of exotic plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101: 17725-17730. Vermeersch G., Anselin A. & Devos K., 2006. Bijzondere Broedvogels in Vlaanderen in de periode 1994-2005. Populatietrends en recente status van zeldzame, kolonievormende en exotische broedvogels in Vlaanderen. Mededeling van het instituut voor natuur- en bosonderzoek, 2006(2). Instituut voor Natuur- en Bosonderzoek: Brussel : Belgium. 64 pp. Vermeersch G., Anselin A., Devos K., Herremans M., Stevens J., Gabriëls J. & Van Der Krieken B., 2004. Atlas van de Vlaamse broedvogels 2000-2002, Brussel. Weiserbs A. & Jacob J.-P., 2007. Oiseaux nicheurs de Bruxelles, 2000-2004: répartition, effectifs, évolution. AVES: pp 288. Westphal M. I., Browne M., MacKinnon K. & Noble I., 2008. The link between international trade and the global distribution of invasive alien species. Biological Invasions, 10: 391- 398. Williamson M., 1996. Biological Invasions, London: Chapman & Hall.
Patterns of Prunus serotina invasion in two contrasting forests Margot VANHELLEMONT 1 , Lander BAETEN 1 , Martin HERMY 2 & Kris VERHEYEN 1 1 Laboratory of Forestry, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, B-9090 Gontrode, Belgium 2 Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, K.U.Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200e, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium Introduction Prunus serotina Ehrh., a North-American tree species, is considered an invasive species in Western Europe. Most studies in its introduced range focused on areas heavily invaded by P. serotina. Nonetheless, the presence and abundance of P. serotina in these areas still reflects the massive plantings of the past (Starfinger et al. 2003). The large-scale plantings resulted in a high propagule pressure of P. serotina. Consequently, P. serotina exhibited a considerable invasion rate in these areas, which lead to problems in silviculture and nature conservation (Starfinger et al. 2003). Since actual rates of invasion appear to be largely determined by propagule pressure (Von Holle & Simberloff 2005), we wanted to study the spread of P. serotina in an area characterized by a far lower propagule pressure where the species has not been introduced deliberately. Would we still label P. serotina an aggressive invader in these circumstances? Besides, P. serotina has not yet fully occupied its potential range in Europe, and the spread of the species is thought to be limited by dispersal (Zerbe & Wirth 2006, Verheyen et al. 2007). To develop appropriate management strategies, we should gain insight into the factors that affect the colonization rate of P. serotina in new sites. In this abstract, we compare the results of two studies on 70 years of forest development in areas with a low propagule pressure of P. serotina. The Liedekerke forest reserve (Belgium) and the Ossenbos forest reserve (the Netherlands) were particularly appropriate for our research because they have not been managed for over sixty years and P. serotina established spontaneously during the forest development. Based on the observed patterns of P. serotina colonization in these forests, we wanted to answer the following questions: which factors influenced the spread of P. serotina, and did P. serotina act as an invasive species in the studied forests? Materials & Methods A detailed description of the materials and methods can be found in Vanhellemont et al. (2009) and Vanhellemont et al. (in press) for the studies in the Liedekerke forest reserve and the Ossenbos forest reserve, respectively. Table 1 shows the main characteristics of the studied forest reserves. For the two forest reserves, we reconstructed the P. serotina invasion based on cadastral maps and aerial photographs, tree ring analysis, forest inventories and regeneration data. 59
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