Untitled - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de l'Observatoire de Grenoble

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• LAOG researchers (and publishing engineers) have published about 400 refereed papers, and about as many contributions to conferences. This means an average of 80 refereed papers and 80 conference papers per year, or about 2 + 2 papers per year per researcher/publishing engineer. This result is all the more remarkable since many researchers have teaching duties (up to 50% of their time), as is the case for several engineers, and/or important responsibilities in national and international science or advisory committees. (These responsibilities are listed in Appendix in chapter19.) • There is a significant, and increasing, number of invited papers in international conferences, on the order of 10 per year on average. A notable exception will be in 2005: at the Protostars and Planets V conference (held every 5-7 yrs since its creation), which is expected to gather 700 participants in Hawaii in late October, a pre-selection of papers has resulted in 9 invited talks for LAOG, the highest number of the whole community in the field of Star and Planet formation (the next laboratory is NASA Ames, Calif., with 8 papers). More generally, LAOG considers that part of its scientific policy should be to communicate and exchange results with the international community in conferences, and devotes a significant part of its budget to support this activity. • The bibliography also lists several patents, relevant to micro- and nanotechnologies, testifying of the will of LAOG to transfer knowledge to the industry while protecting the intellectual property of its engineers. 1.3 Relations with the outside world 1.3.1 Relations with and within the Observatory of Grenoble (OSUG) Following a ministerial reform in 1999, the original Grenoble Observatory was expanded, including the “Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Grenoble” (LAOG) and three Earth sciences laboratories (glaciology, hydrology, and geophysics), as well as a newly created planetology laboratory (the “Laboratoire de Planétologie de Grenoble”, LPG). The new structure, gathering nearly 500 people, became the “Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers de Grenoble” (OSUG). This reform created a new administrative layer to which the new LAOG had to adapt, but also brought new resources and new contacts with other fields. Within OSUG, while each laboratory has its own goals and priorities, new scientific collaborations between LAOG and other OSUG laboratories are emerging, in glaciology for projects in Antarctica (see GRIL part), and with LPG (dust grain evolution in the young solar system and young stellar disks, meteorite irradiation, exoplanetary atmospheres, etc.). It is planned to develop these collaborations in the coming years. It is also worth mentioning that discussions take place from time to time with the geophysicists on topics such as turbulence and dynamo. The state of the art, or the physical parameter space (e.g., Reynolds numbers for turbulence), was just too different in the relevant areas for these collaborations to take place immediately, but the situation is improving. 1.3.2 Relations with IRAM The roots of LAOG can be found in the GAG (Groupe d’Astrophysique de Grenoble), a group created by Alain Omont as a scientific support for the newly created Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique, IRAM (1979). Thus most of the founding fathers of LAOG had strong ties with IRAM (the others were the embryo of the Sherpas group around G. Pelletier), and were in particular heavily involved in mm astronomy. The new emphasis on high-angular resolution in astronomy in 1991, with a fast hiring of young researchers and engineers developing science and optical-IR instruments around this topic, resulted in a decline of the mm involvement of the newly created LAOG. IRAM, which is by construction a service institute, pursued on its side the instrumental developments for the Pico Veleta 30m single-dish radiotelescope and the Plateau de Bure Interferometer thereafter. LAOG researchers involved in mm astronomy either joined IRAM to participate in its development, or continued to use IRAM facilities by way of observing proposals (sometimes including IRAM co-Is), but the scientific collaborations between the two institutes remained limited, in spite of a few attempts on both sides (PhD theses, schools...). It is however fair to add that there were on many occasions informal exchanges between the instrumental teams of LAOG and IRAM. Again, IRAM is a service institute, subject to the constraints of its funding agencies in Germany and Spain in addition to CNRS in France, and it is not departure (case of new researchers, post-docs, etc.), references to CDS (Strasbourg) databases (case of tables published only in electronic form), etc. The difference between the two is about 10% of the total number of publications. 28
clearly in its goals to have scientific activities of its own (although it does have PhD students and post-docs). This is a constant obstacle to a full-fledged collaboration. LAOG strongly hopes that this situation will evolve, by promoting together as much as possible activities around the topic of star formation: common science meetings, formal co-supervision of PhD students, etc. A common project around a data analysis center for interferometry, CEXIA, is also under way (see next section). 1.3.3 Relations with the University and with other local laboratories LAOG is, in the French system, and like most research laboratories, a so-called “Mixed Research Unit” (UMR), which means that its operations are funded both by CNRS and the Ministry of Education, via the UJF. In practice, the University contributes to the operating budget and provides the buildings, as well as Professors and student support, while CNRS provides the scientific equipment and permanent researcher positions. (More funding and soft money for positions are increasingly provided by contracts, see below.) This also means that LAOG has a responsibility in graduate studies, the teaching being provided by professors via the “Formation and Research Unit” (UFR) in Physics. LAOG is also heavily involved in the UJF administration and management of teaching: one of its members (Prof. C. Kahane) is leading the reform team for undergraduate studies at UJF Presidency level, another (Prof. G. Henri) is responsible for the graduate studies in astrophysics at the Physics UFR (which, among others, provides many of the LAOG PhD students). UJF is an active partner also in LAOG research, in particular for developments in interferometry. It has provided a large competitive grant in 2003 (“BQR”, or “Bonus Qualité Recherche”) for optical fiber feeds, and is a strong supporter of a new project (referred to as “INTERPHAST”), set to occupy in the 2007-2008 time frame a large area (nearly 2000 m 2 in all) in the CERMO building adjacent to LAOG and IRAM. This project (mainly funded by the Rhône-Alpes region: 1.5 ME) includes: • (i) the creation of a LAOG-IRAM European Center of Expertise for Interferometry in Astronomy (CEXIA), a scientific data analysis center based around the VLTI/JMMC for LAOG on the one hand, and the ALMA Regional Center project for IRAM, on the other; • (ii) a new Campus Center for Intensive Computing, extending the one already existing and currently hosted by LAOG (used not only by LAOG astrophysicists but by other researchers on campus in need of high-speed and massive computing, especially on grids); • (iii) a new “Joseph-Louis Lagrange Center for Physics and Astrophysics” for workshops and international collaborations (inspired by the Lorentz Center in Leiden or ISSI in Bern). LAOG also has ties at various levels with other laboratories and institutes in the Grenoble area: INPG, IMEP, CEA-LETI etc. for instrumental research, LPSC and CRTBT for astroparticle physics and cosmology (“CosmAlp” collaboration). Without going into details, suffice it to say that LAOG is fully conscious of the richness of the technological and scientific environment of the Grenoble area, and seizes every significant opportunity of local collaborations or knowledge transfer, including towards the industry (see below). 1.3.4 The European dimension of LAOG LAOG members are obviously involved in many international scientific collaborations (see details in the team parts III to VI) . In this section, we want to emphasize the ever growing involvement of LAOG in European programs and collaborations, first at a “traditional” institutional level (through large agencies like ESO and, to a small extent so far, ESA, see details in the team reports), but mostly, and increasingly, with the European Commission “Framework Programs” (FP). This is illustrated by the following evolution. When the previous report started (1999), LAOG was a node of a 7-laboratory FP5 “Research and Training Network” (RTN), entitled “Structure and Evolution of Young Stellar Clusters”. This RTN ended in 2003. The main scientific objective was to gather a significant part of the European expertise in star formation, and bring together researchers and students spanning all the range of activities: observations, theory, numerical simulations, etc. (For reference, this network hired 11 post-docs 29
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Figure 6.3: Contribution of heating
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systems: HD 141569, HD 32297, HD 18
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et al. 2002; 2003). We have found t
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with only three known to date. Most
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therefore no surprise that vast eff
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data to verify the predictions we a
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Chapter 8 Appendices 8.1 Members of
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on PUEO at CFHT. The IFS experts (A
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have taken responsibilities: A. Che
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states, combining a still powerful
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Untitled - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de l'Observatoire de Grenoble

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