Abstracts 2005 - The Psychonomic Society

Saturday Afternoon Papers 262–264
used to estimate independent externalization and internalization bias
parameters by employing a novel statistical/cognitive model. The results
provided support for a double dissociation: Hallucinating patients
displayed evidence for an externalization but not an internalization
bias, whereas delusional patients displayed evidence for an
internalization but not an externalization bias. Neither symptom
group displayed an increased likelihood of external source confusion.
4:30–4:45 (262)
Dissociation Between Control of Study Time Allocation and JOL
in Patients With Schizophrenia. ELISABETH BACON, INSERM,
MARIE IZAUTE, CNRS, & JEAN-MARIE DANION, INSERM—The
use of semantic tasks has revealed dysfunctional metamemory in schizophrenia.
This study investigated whether patients with schizophrenia
exhibit metamemory abnormalities during the encoding of episodic information.
The frequency of item presentation was here varied. Both
memory monitoring and memory control were then assessed using
judgments of learning (JOLs) and study time allocation, respectively.
Patients’ JOLs were lower than those of controls but remained sensitive
to item repetition; patients’ predictive values on memory accuracy were
not different from those measured in controls. However, patients’ patterns
of response were abnormal when considering the study time allocated
for each item in function of presentation frequency. In addition,
none of the patients reported using efficient strategies to help memorize
target items. These results argue in favor of impaired strategic regulation
of episodic memory encoding in schizophrenia.
4:50–5:05 (263)
Memory and the Korsakoff Syndrome: A Problem of Conscious Recollection
at Retrieval. GÉRY D’YDEWALLE & ILSE VAN DAMME,
University of Leuven—At study, participants generated an association
or counted the number of letters with enclosed spaces or the number
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of vowels in target words. At test, three-letter stems were presented.
One group was instructed to use the stems to retrieve the targets; another
group was instructed to complete the stems with the first word
that came to mind but to use another word if that first word was a target
word; and a third group was instructed to complete the stems, and
no reference was made to the target words. A levels-of-processing effect
appeared in almost all conditions, and when they were allowed to
guess, the performance of Korsakoffs matched the performance of
controls. However, Korsakoffs were unable to suppress the target
words. Korsakoffs were also unable to indicate whether they remembered
or simply knew an item, suggesting a lack of conscious recollection
at test, despite the availability of the encoded items.
5:10–5:25 (264)
Dual-Task Coordination and Episodic Memory in Alzheimer’s and
in Depression. ROBERT H. LOGIE, University of Edinburgh, REINER
KASCHEL & FRANZISKA GOEHRKE-ARNDT, University of
Giessen, & SERGIO DELLA SALA, University of Edinburgh—Our
previous studies indicated that individuals with early-stage Alzheimer’s
disease (AD) show substantial and reliable impairments in dual-task
performance (digit recall with tracking) that are not present in healthy
aging and are independent of single-task performance and of task demand.
Episodic memory impairment is an additional characteristic of
AD, but it also occurs in healthy aging and in other disorders of old
age, such as chronic depression. This paper presents recent data demonstrating
the robust nature of our previous results for AD and healthy
aging, but also showing a lack of dual-task impairments in nondemented
individuals suffering from chronic depression, despite the presence of
episodic memory failures in the latter group. Results are interpreted
as suggesting a specific dual-task coordination function within healthy
multicomponent working memory that is affected by AD but not by
age or depression.