Abstracts 2005 - The Psychonomic Society

Posters 5059–5065 Saturday Evening
processes requires substantial resources. Our present research assesses
both methodological and theoretical issues related to the relative
immunity of retrieval processes to the detrimental effects of divided
attention. With respect to methodological issues, we evaluated
the possibility that retrieval processes show this resilience because the
concurrent tasks used are often not very demanding. Theoretically, we
evaluated the degree to which retrieval, despite not being much affected
by the difficulty of the concurrent task, is vulnerable to competition
when the type of processing required by the concurrent task
is the same as in the retrieval task.
(5059)
Enhancing Recollection Without Enhancing Recognition Probability:
The Effects of Testing on Recollection and Familiarity. JASON
C. K. CHAN & KATHLEEN B. MCDERMOTT, Washington University
(sponsored by Janet Duchek)—We examined the effects of taking an
initial test on later memory retrieval, using a modified process dissociation
procedure. Subjects studied unrelated word lists and performed
immediate free recall on half the lists; for the remaining lists,
subjects performed an unrelated filler task. Subjects then performed
delayed recognition tests in which the relative contribution of recollection
and familiarity can be estimated. Similar to previous findings,
overall recognition performance (hits and correct rejections) showed
no testing effect. However, when recollection and familiarity estimates
were computed via source judgments, taking an initial free recall
test was shown to enhance recollection (or source memory) without
affecting familiarity. A separate analysis comparing recalled and
unrecalled items showed that this enhanced recollection was seen only
for words recalled initially, suggesting that the origin of the testing effect
may lie in subjects’ remembering the previous recall episode,
rather than the study episode.
(5060)
Sensory Modality Moderates Illusions of Recognition Based on Perceptual
Fluency but Not Conceptual Fluency. DEANNE L. WEST-
ERMAN, SUNY, Binghamton, JEREMY K. MILLER, Willamette University,
& MARIANNE E. LLOYD, SUNY, Binghamton—Illusions of
recognition memory based on enhanced perceptual fluency are sensitive
to the perceptual match between the study and the test phases of
an experiment. Enhanced visual fluency of test stimuli leads to an illusion
of recognition only when the study list is also visual. Five experiments
demonstrate that participants are very reluctant to interpret
enhanced perceptual fluency as a sign of recognition when there has
been a change in sensory modality across the study and test phases of
the experiment. The present results show that the interaction between
modality and perceptual fluency manipulations persisted under
speeded recognition conditions, with a long delay between study and
test, and also when participants visualized each study word as it was
presented on an auditory list. Results also show that illusions of recognition
based on a more conceptually driven manipulation of processing
fluency are not sensitive to modality changes between study and
test.
(5061)
The Contribution of Familiarity and Recollection to Immediate
and Continuous-Distractor Recognition. YONATAN GOSHEN-
GOTTSTEIN & AMIT G. STEINBERG, Tel-Aviv University—Using
single-probe recognition, an earlier study (Goshen-Gottstein & Talmi,
2005) reported a recency effect not only when study items were presented
sequentially and testing was immediate (i.e., immediate recognition),
but also when distractor activity was interspersed between
study items and also followed the last study item (i.e., continuousdistractor
recognition). In this study, we examined the contributions
of recollection and familiarity to performance in these two recognition
tasks. Following each study list, participants’ memory was
probed for a single position. For every participant, each list position
was probed an equal number of times across lists. For positive responses,
participants made know/remember/guess judgments. Results
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replicated the recency effect in both tasks. Critically, the contribution
of familiarity was similar in both tasks, with differences in performance
being mediated only by recollection.
• IMPLICIT MEMORY •
(5062)
An Interaction Between Priming and Location of Target Information
in Reading. SUSAN T. DAVIS, CHRISTINA G. RUTHERFORD, &
DEBORAH L. BAKOWSKI, University of Dayton—In accord with
extant research (e.g., Rastle & Coltheart, 1999), phonological priming
produced greater accuracy and shorter reaction times overall than
semantic priming in a task that required scanning text for information.
However, this advantage was weakest for information embedded at the
end of a text passage. Perceptual selectivity (cf. Masson, 1982) provides
a reasonable explanation for the advantage of phonological
priming when information that can answer a specific question is
scanned for. However, we propose that the reader’s initial goal may be
affected by the text itself. Longer texts appear to engage the reader in
the textual story line and produce a switch to conceptually selective
processing. Consequently, as reading of the text progresses, semantic
priming becomes more advantageous for speeded identification of information
found in the latter portion of the text. This is a reasonable
strategy that appears to operate as much on an implicit level as the
priming itself.
(5063)
Evoking Familiarity Without Recollection: Modeling the Déjà Vu
Experience. ALAN S. BROWN, Southern Methodist University, &
ELIZABETH J. MARSH, Duke University—We attempted to model
a feeling of false positive familiarity similar to the déjà vu experience.
After shallow exposure to pictures of naturalistic scenes (searching for
an embedded cross), participants returned 1 (Experiment 1) or 3 (Experiment
2) weeks later to evaluate whether they felt that they had actually
visited each pictured setting (new plus old scenes). Mundane
and unique campus scenes from an unfamiliar campus (Duke or SMU)
were shown zero, one, or two times in the first session. The mean visit
rating increased with prior exposure, but one versus two exposures did
not differ. Participants gave higher visit ratings to mundane than to
unique scenes, and this did not vary as a function of exposure frequency
or delay. About half of each sample reported “yes” to the question
“did you have a déjà vu response to any of the photos?”
(5064)
Implicit Preference in the Absence of Conscious Memory for Advertisements
Appearing in Basketball Games. KRISTEN A.
DILIBERTO-MACALUSO, Berry College, TODD A. KAHAN, Bates
College, & ROSANNA PRATO, Berry College—We examined unconscious
(implicit) perception and memory of advertisements that
appeared in the background of basketball games. Participants were instructed
to attend either to the ads (deliberate group) or to a salient
aspect of the video clip itself (incidental group). Once all 18 clips had
been shown, we presented participants with 36 advertisements, which
they rated on four dimensions (eye-catching, appealing, memorable,
distinctive), using a 7-point Likert-type scale (1 = very much less than
average; 7 = very much more than average). In addition, participants
indicated whether or not they remembered each ad from the original
video clip. We found that participants in the incidental group rated
“old” logos as more appealing and distinctive than “new” logos; however,
recognition memory did not differ for old and new logos. The
data suggest that participants unconsciously showed a preference for
the original advertisements but showed inattentional blindness for
recognition memory of those same ads.
(5065)
Differential Effects of Time of Day on Explicit and Implicit Memory.
GILLIAN ROWE & STEVEN VALDERRAMA, University of Toronto,
LYNN HASHER, University of Toronto and Rotman Research Institute,