S1 (FriAM 1-65) - The Psychonomic Society

Friday Evening Posters 3079–3084
TURA, University of the Saarland (sponsored by Ruth H. Maki)—In
a police lineup, the psychological state of the suspects differs from
that of the foils, in that the suspects face a situation that can potentially
lead to personal loss if they are identified. Weigold and Wentura
(2004) showed that being a suspect can result in detectable behavioral
cues. Mock suspects were randomly selected and were promised
money for not being found by mock eyewitnesses. They were filmed
before (control condition) and after (experimental condition) their selection.
The probability of identification of the mock suspects was
significantly higher in the experimental than in the control condition.
It was speculated that eyewitnesses used comparisons between lineup
members to find the member that was “different” from the others.
Since this might be remedied by using a sequential lineup procedure,
the original study was replicated with a simultaneous versus sequential
condition. The results indicate that sequential lineups decrease
identification of mock suspects.
• MEMORY FOR FACES AND SCENES •
(3079)
Face Recognition for Own-Age and Own-Race Faces. JEFFREY S.
ANASTASI & JASON L. RANDALL, Sam Houston State University,
& MATTHEW G. RHODES, Colorado State University—Previous
studies have demonstrated that individuals are better at recognizing
in-group compared with out-group faces. We report two experiments
in which participants studied same- and other-race faces that came
from their own or other age groups. Specifically, white and black participants
were shown white and black faces that were from the same
or different age range as the participants. Participants exhibited superior
memory for faces from their own race compared with otherrace
faces (i.e., an own-race bias). Additionally, participants exhibited
superior recognition of faces from their own age group (i.e., own-age
bias) but only for faces from their own race. No such own-age bias was
apparent for other-race faces. The results are discussed with regard to
Sporer’s in-group/out-group model (IOM).
(3080)
Computer-Generated Faces Are Not Processed Like Real Faces.
CURT A. CARLSON & SCOTT D. GRONLUND, University of Oklahoma—We
conducted three experiments to test whether computergenerated
(CG) faces (FACES 4.0) are processed like real faces, either
perceptually or memorially. Experiments 1 and 2 replicated the
face inversion effect for real faces (Yin, 1969), but inversion had no
effect on accuracy for CG faces. The results from Experiment 3
showed that increased encoding time (1 sec vs. 3 sec) had no effect on
recognition memory performance or response time for real faces, but
for the CG faces, accuracy and response time increased as study time
increased. Application of the EZ-Diffusion model (Wagenmakers
et al., 2007) provided insights into processing differences between CG
faces and real faces. CG faces are processed less configurally than are
real faces, which has implications for their use as stimuli in experiments
exploring the cognitive processes underlying various applied
memory phenomena.
(3081)
Influence of Peripheral Distinctive Features: Body Hair and Facial
Recognition. JENNIFER THIBODEAUX & JAMES B. WORTHEN,
Southeastern Louisiana University—The influence of a distinctive
noncentral trait on recognition for faces was investigated in a single
experiment. At encoding, participants were presented with a mixed
list of waist-up photographs of women. Half of the photographs depicted
women with visible armpit hair and half depicted the Western
cultural norm of shaved armpits. After a 48-h retention interval, participants
were given an old/new recognition test using photographs of
faces only. The results of a multiple regression analysis indicated an
interaction between hirsutism and attractiveness such that faces of attractive
hirsute women were recognized better than faces in all other
conditions. The results suggest that distinctiveness of a noncentral
98
feature can enhance memory for target stimuli. The relevance of the
results for current theories of distinctiveness is discussed.
(3082)
Individual Differences in Face Processing: Behavioral and Psychophysiological
Indicators. GRIT HERZMANN, OLGA KUNINA,
OLIVER WILHELM, & WERNER SOMMER, Humboldt University,
Berlin (sponsored by Werner Sommer)—Functional and neuroanatomical
models predict, and empirical evidence confirms, that
event-related potentials (ERPs) are associated with distinguishable aspects
of face processing and might serve as indicators of individual
differences in face processing abilities. We investigated the extent to
which such individual differences can be captured in the following
ERP components: N170, difference due to memory, early and late repetition
effects, and the old/new effect. 209 participants underwent intensive
behavioral testing. 86 of them were randomly selected to take
part in two EEG sessions where faces were learned and after 1 week
were tested for recognition. All ERP components exhibited high internal
consistencies, and confirmatory factor analysis showed them to
be unidimensional. Latent factors for the behavioral measures of face
processing correlated moderately with the repetition effects, the
old/new effect, and the N170 latency. Thus, individuals with faster
structural encoding and higher activation during recognition showed
better face recognition performance.
(3083)
Children’s Identification From Lineups Matching Suspects, Descriptions,
or Composites. IN-KYEONG KIM, CLARISSA NAM-
BIAR, ANASTACIA RODRIGUEZ, MARCELLO RUVALCABA,
SAIDA L. SOLIS, & MELISSA VEGA, La Sierra University—This
study investigated the selection of distractors for identification lineups
based on suspect-matched, description-matched, and compositematched
procedures. Composite-matched procedure was newly developed
and had components of visual description. Twelve 9- to
11-year-old children participated in verbally describing the perpetrator
or making facial composites (using Identi-Kit v.6) with mock police
officers immediately after viewing a crime scene video. Lineups
were then produced on the basis of the similarity to the suspect picture,
to the verbal description, and to the composites by 6 mock police
officers. An additional 30 9- to 11-year-old children participated
in the identification of the perpetrator 2 days after viewing the video.
The results showed that the identification from the description-matched
lineups was more accurate than the other two in the perpetrator-absent
condition. Participants’ confidence in their answers was higher in the
perpetrator-present condition than in the perpetrator-absent condition.
The same experiment with 30 adult participants showed no significant
differences among three lineup procedures.
(3084)
Typicality Congruency of Misinformation. MEHGEN DELANEY,
ROBERT F. BELLI, & AYAKO MASUDA, University of Nebraska,
Lincoln (sponsored by Robert F. Belli)—The present study investigated
schema consistency on the suggestibility of memory for realworld
common scenes. Participants were shown still photographs of
scenes, which included either only typical or some atypical items.
They were later exposed to narratives containing additive misinformation
of atypical and typical items, and then were asked to reflect
on their phenomenological experience of remembering by giving remember/know
responses to misinformation items in a cued recall test.
The results replicate the findings of Nemeth and Belli (2006) with
participants providing significantly more remember and know responses
to atypical misinformation, but only when shown scenes with
atypical items. When shown typical items, significantly more remember
responses were provided for the typical misinformation
items. The results demonstrate a congruent misinformation effect in
that false memories for suggested items, as measured by remember responses,
are more likely to occur when there is a match between the
typicality of shown and suggested items.