S1 (FriAM 1-65) - The Psychonomic Society

Posters 4097–4103 Saturday Noon
generation pill users, but they performed worse than OC nonusers.
(3) The hormone that influences visuospatial task performance is different
for OC users and nonusers. Our results show that the androgenic
component in OCs mediates visuospatial task performance in OC
users. On the other hand, visuospatial task performance in naturally
cycling females is influenced by naturally fluctuating estrogen levels.
(4097)
Reorienting When Cues Conflict: Using Geometry and Features Following
Landmark Displacement. KRISTIN R. RATLIFF & NORA S.
NEWCOMBE, Temple University (sponsored by Kristin R. Ratliff)—
Three experiments were conducted to test the idea that use of features
during reorientation is highly dependent upon their perceived usefulness
and prior experience as proposed by the adaptive combination
view rather than by a modular view wherein geometric information always
dominates behavior. When featural landmarks are placed in conflict
with the geometry of an enclosed space, we found that (1) adults
favor geometric information only in a small room and favor features
in a larger room, (2) large room training increases use of features in
a small room, and (3) using multiple landmarks that move dependently
increases feature use in a small room. Although geometric information
is important during reorientation, its supposed dominance over
featural information is limited to small, fully enclosed spaces with
only one feature. Flexible reorientation, encompassing all available
spatial cues, is characteristic in larger spaces or when learning history
and experience have established the usefulness of features.
(4098)
Transfer of Orthogonal and Parallel Incompatible Mappings to
the SNARC Effect. GI YEUL BAE, JONG MOON CHOI, & YANG
SEOK CHO, Korea University, & ROBERT W. PROCTOR, Purdue
University (sponsored by Yang Seok Cho)—Three experiments examined
the effect of prior practice on performance of a subsequent
parity judgment task. In Experiment 1, a magnitude judgment task
preceded the parity judgment task. A reversed SNARC effect was obtained
when participants practiced with incompatible mapping
(large–left/small–right), indicating that new associations between
number magnitude codes and response codes, which were created
when participants performed the magnitude judgment task, were
maintained throughout the subsequent task. In Experiment 2, a parallel
stimulus–response compatibility task was performed as practice.
A regular SNARC effect was obtained regardless of whether participants
practiced with compatible or incompatible mapping. However,
in Experiment 3, in which participants practiced an orthogonal compatibility
task, the SNARC effect was smaller when participants practiced
with up–left/down–right mapping than with up–right/down–left.
These results suggest that the SNARC effect is due to polarity correspondence
between stimulus and response codes, rather than to spatial
correspondence.
(4099)
Horizontal and Vertical Preparation in Right–Left Prevalence. AKIO
NISHIMURA & KAZUHIKO YOKOSAWA, University of Tokyo
(sponsored by Kazuhiko Yokosawa)—Horizontal stimulus–response
compatibility (SRC) effect is often larger than vertical SRC effect
when stimulus and response simultaneously vary in both dimensions.
We investigated the role of horizontal and vertical set preparation in
this right–left prevalence effect by switching the tasks on the basis of
horizontal or vertical dimensions. In Experiment 1, we manipulated
the preparation time for the upcoming task dimension by varying the
cue–target SOA. A right–left prevalence effect was observed only
when participants prepared for the upcoming task. The absence of the
right–left prevalence effect with 0-msec SOA was replicated in Experiment
2. In Experiment 3, the right–left prevalence effect emerged
with simultaneous presentation of task cue and the target when participants
prepared for each dimension on the basis of its frequency. We
discuss the findings in terms of the speed and the activation level of
horizontal and vertical spatial codes.
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• ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING •
(4100)
Does My Lie Have to Imply? The Role of Implication in Eyewitness
Memory. DEBORAH K. EAKIN & JESSICA WOOD, Mississippi
State University—Exposure to misleading postevent information typically
impairs memory for the original event, a finding known as the
misinformation effect (e.g., Eakin, Schreiber, & Sergent-Marshall,
2003). One component of the typical misinformation paradigm is that
most of the postevent information corresponds with the event information,
implying that the information in which the misleading information
is embedded is a reiteration of the original event. We manipulated
implication by presenting misleading items in a narrative that
differed from the slide show; both the location of the event and the
persons described varied from the original event (no-implication condition).
Memory for event information was compared between this
condition and one for which the narrative reiterated the slide show
(implication condition). We obtained a significant misinformation effect
regardless of implication condition. Even when a relationship between
the original and postevent was not implied, memory was impaired
by the presence of misleading postevent information.
(4101)
Adaptation to Temporal Covariations. ANNIKA WAGENER &
JOACHIM HOFFMANN, University of Würzburg—There is ample
evidence demonstrating covariation learning between identity and location
of targets. We explored whether temporal information (length
of foreperiod) also enhances target processing when it covaries, either
with target identity or target location. In our experiments, either a short
or a long foreperiod preceded one of two targets, occurring typically
at one of two locations. Participants’ task was to identify the presented
targets by pressing a left or a right button as quickly as possible. The
results revealed an adaptation to the employed covariations: There
were processing benefits for those targets and for those locations
which were likely for a particular foreperiod. We attribute the observed
temporal validity effects to acquired associations between representations
of temporal information and representations of target
identities and target locations.
(4102)
Examining the Retrieval Process in Mediated Learning Using
Priming Effects. JAMES A. KOLE & ALICE F. HEALY, University
of Colorado—The covert mediation model posits that mediators connect
cue and target and are automatically activated during retrieval,
even after extended retrieval practice. Three experiments tested this
model using mediated priming effects. In each experiment, participants
used the keyword method to learn French vocabulary and subsequently
completed a modified lexical decision task in which they
first translated a French word, then made a lexical decision on either
a semantic associate of the keyword, a semantic associate of the
English translation, a semantically unrelated word, or a nonword. The
amount of practice translating the French words was varied before
completing the lexical decision task, and participants were tested for
explicit memory of keywords with a cued recognition test. A mediated
priming effect was found only when no additional translation
practice was administered. However, explicit memory for the keyword
was high even with translation practice. The results argue against the
covert mediation model.
(4103)
Subject-Controlled Feedback in a Verbal Learning Task. ASHLEY
N. D. MEYER & JESSICA M. LOGAN, Rice University—Giving subjects
control over the feedback they receive during learning may improve
feedback effectiveness and later memory performance. Such
subject-controlled feedback has been found to be more effective than
experimenter-controlled feedback in the motor learning domain, but
little is known about its effectiveness in the verbal domain. Using foreign
language vocabulary (German–English word pairs), we exam-