Problems in Mathematical Analysis.pdf - pwp.net.ipl.pt

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8 Chapter Contents Sec. 13. Linear Differential Equations of Order Higher than Two with Constant Coefficients 356 Sec 14. Euler's Equations 357 Sec 15. Systems of Differential Equations 359 Sec. 16. Integration of Differential Equations by Means of Power Se- ries Sec 17. Problems on Fourier's Method 363 X. APPROXIMATE CALCULATIONS Sec. 1 Operations on Approximate Numbers 367 Sec. 2. Interpolation of Functions 372 Sec. 3. Computing the^Rcal Roots of Equations 376 Sec. 4 Numerical, Integration of Functions 382 Sec. 5. Nun er:ca1 Integration of Ordinary DilUrtntial Equations Sec. 6. Approximating Ftuncr's Coefficients 3>3 361 . . 384 ANSWERS 396 APPENDIX 475 I. Greek Alphabet 475 II. Some Constants 475 III. Inverse Quantities, Powers, Roots, Logarithms 476 IV Trigonometric Functions 478 V. Exponential, Hyperbolic and Trigonometric Functions 479 VI. Some Curves 480
PREFACE This collection of problems and exercises in mathematical analysis covers the maximum requirements of general courses in higher mathematics for higher technical schools. It contains over 3,000 problems sequentially arranged in Chapters I to X covering all branches of higher mathematics (with the exception of analytical geometry) given in college courses. Particular attention is given to the most important sections of the course that require established skills (the finding of limits, differentiation techniques, the graphing of functions, integration techniques, the applications of definite integrals, series, the solution Since some institutes have extended of differential equations). courses of mathematics, the authors have included problems on field theory, the Fourier method, and approximate calculaiions. Experience shows that the number of problems given in this book not only fully satisfies the requireiren s of the student, as far as practical mas!ering of the various sections of the course goes, but also enables the instructor to supply a varied choice of problems in each section and to select problems for tests and examinations. Each chap.er begins with a brief theoretical introduction that covers the basic definitions and formulas of that section of the course. Here the most important typical problems are worked out in full. We believe that this will greatly simplify the work of the student. Answers are given to all computational problems; one asterisk indicates that hints to the solution are given in the answers, two asterisks, that the solution is given. The problems are frequently illustrated by drawings. This collection of problems is the result of many years of teaching higher mathematics in the technical schools of the Soviet Union. It includes, in addition to original problems and examples, a large number of commonly used problems.
Page 2 and 3: TEXT FLY WITHIN THE BOOK ONLY
Page 5: OUP-43 30-1.71 5,000 OSMANIA UNIVER
Page 8 and 9: T. C. BapaneHKoe. C. M. Koean, r Jl
Page 10 and 11: TO THE READER MIR Publishers would
Page 12 and 13: Contents Sec. 6. Integrating Certai
Page 17 and 18: Sec. 1. Functions Chapter I INTRODU
Page 19 and 20: Sec 1] Functions 13 8. Find the rat
Page 21 and 22: Sec. 1]_Functions_15 34. Prove that
Page 23 and 24: Sec. 2] Graphs of Elementary functi
Page 25 and 26: Sec. 2] Graphs of Elementary functi
Page 27 and 28: Sec. 2] Graphs of Elementary Functi
Page 29 and 30: Sec. 3] Limits 23 For the existence
Page 31 and 32: Sec. 3] 179. Hm (Vn + 1 \f~n). n -+
Page 33 and 34: Sec. #] Limits 27 209. lim 210. lim
Page 35 and 36: ^Sec 3] Limits Therefore, Example 9
Page 37 and 38: Sec. 31 Limits 31 269. a) 270. lim-
Page 39 and 40: Sec. 4] Infinitely Small and Large
Page 41 and 42: Sec. 4] Infinitely Small and Large
Page 43 and 44: Sec. 5] Continuity of Functions 37
Page 45 and 46: Sec. 5]_Continuity of Functions_39
Page 47 and 48: Sec. 5] Continuity of Functions 334
Page 49 and 50: Sec. 1] Calculating Derivatives Dir
Page 51 and 52: Sec. 1] Calculating Derivatives Dir
Page 53 and 54: Sec. 2]__Tabular Differentiation_47
Page 55 and 56: Sec. 2]_Tabular Differentiation_49
Page 57 and 58: Sec. 2] Tabular Differentiation_ 51
Page 59 and 60: Sec. 2] Tabular Differentiation 504
Page 61 and 62: Sec. 2] Tabular Differentiation 55
Page 63 and 64: Sec. 3] The Derivatives of Function
Page 65 and 66:
Sec. 3] The Derivatives of Function
Page 67 and 68:
Sec 4] Geometrical and Mechanical A
Page 69 and 70:
Sec. 4\ Geometrical and Mechanical
Page 71 and 72:
Sec. 4] Geometrical and Mechanical
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Sec. 5]_Derivatives of Higher Order
Page 75 and 76:
Sec. 5]_Derivatives of Higher Order
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Sec. 6] Differentials of First and
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Sec. 6}_Differentials of First and
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Sec. 7]_Mean-Value Theorems_75 745.
Page 83 and 84:
Sec. 8] Taylor's Formula 77 765. a)
Page 85 and 86:
Sec. 9]_ V Hospital-Bernoulli Rule
Page 87 and 88:
Sec. 9] L' Hospital-Bernoulli Rule
Page 89 and 90:
Chapter III THE EXTREMA OF A FUNCTI
Page 91 and 92:
Sec. 1] The Extrema of a Function o
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Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Sec. 2]_The Direction of Concavity.
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Sec. 3]_Asymptotes_93 Example 2. Fi
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Sec. 3]_Asymptotes_95 Solution. Sin
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Sec 4] Graphing Functions by Charac
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CM CM -h CO O non ' > C " -~ a - >
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Sec. />] Differential of an Arc. Cu
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Sec 5] Differential of an Arc. Curv
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Sec. 5]_Differential of an Arc. Cur
Page 113 and 114:
Sec. 1. Direct Integration 1. Basic
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Sec 1] Direct Integration_109 1048*
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Sec. 2] Integration by Substitution
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Sec. 2] Integration by Substitution
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Sec. 3\_Integration by Parts_H7 Exa
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Sec 4] Standard Integrals Containin
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Sec. 5] Integration of Rational Fun
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Sec. 5] In t egration of Rational F
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Sec. 6] Integrating Certain Irratio
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Sec. 6] Integrating Certain Irratio
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Sec. 7]_Integrating Trigonometric F
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Sec. 7]_Integrating Trigonometric F
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Sec. 8] Integration of Hyperbolic F
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Sec. 11] Using Reduction Formulas 1
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Sec. 12] Miscellaneous Examples on
Page 145 and 146:
Sec. 1] The Definite Integral as th
Page 147 and 148:
Sec. 2]_Evaluating Definite Integra
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Sec. 3]_Improper Integrals_143 Sec.
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Sec. 3] Improper Integrals 145 Solu
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Sec. 4] Change of Variable in a Def
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Sec. 5] Integration by Parts 149 Bu
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Sec. 6] Mean-Value Theorem 151 In p
Page 159 and 160:
Sec. 7] The Areas of Plane Figures
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Sec. 7] The Areas of Plane Figures
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Sec. 7\_The Areas of Plane Figures_
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Sec. 8] The Arc Length of a Curve 1
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Sec, 9] Volumes of Solids 161 1673.
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Sec. 9] Volumes of Solids 163' Solu
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Sec. 9]_Volumes of Solids_165 1693.
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Sec. 10] The Area of a Surface of R
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Sec. II] Moments. Centres of Gravit
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Sec 11] Moments. Centres of Gravity
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&?c. 12] Applying Definite Integral
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Sec. 12] Applying Definite Integral
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Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Sec. 1) Basic Notions [SI Putting *
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Sec. 1]_Basic Notions_183 1790*. Le
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Sec. 3] Partial Derivatives 185 180
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Sec. 4]_Total Differential of a Fun
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Sec. 4}_Total Differential of a Fun
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Sec. 5]_Differentiation of Composit
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Sec. 6]_Derivative in a Given Direc
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Sec. 6] Derivative in a Given Direc
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Sec. 7]_Higher-Order Derivatives an
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Sec. 7] Higher-Order Derivatives an
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Sec. 7]_Higher-Order Derivatives an
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Sec. ti\_Integration of Total Diffe
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Sec. 9]_Differentiation of Implicit
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Sec. 9] Differentiation of Implicit
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Sec. 9]_Differentiation of Implicit
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Sec. 10]_Change of Variables_2H 196
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Sec. 10]_Change of Variables_213 or
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Sec. 10] Change of Variables 215 an
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Sec. 11]_The Tangent Plane and the
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Sec. 11]_The Tangent Plane and the
Page 227 and 228:
Sec. 12] Taylor's Formula for a Fun
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Sec. 13]_The Extremum of a Function
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Sec. 13] The Extremutn of a Functio
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Sec. 14] Finding the Greatest and S
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Sec. 14] Finding the Greatest and S
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Sec. 15] Singular Points of Plane C
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Sec. 16] Envelope 233 Solution. The
Page 241 and 242:
Sec. 18] The Vector Function of a S
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Sec. 18]_The Vector Function of a S
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Sec. 19] The Natural Trihedron of a
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Sec. 19] The Natural Trihedron of a
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Sec. 20] Curvature and Torsion of a
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Sec. 20]_Curvature and Torsion of a
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Sec. 1] The Double Integral in Rect
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Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Sec. 2]_Change of Variables in a Do
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Sec. 2]_Change of Variables in a Do
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Sec 3]_Computing Areas_257 2177. Co
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Sec. 5]_Computing th Area* of Surfa
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Sec. 6]_Applications of the Double
Page 269 and 270:
Sec. 7] Triple Integrals 2o3 Evalua
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Sec 7\ Triple Integrals 265 We ther
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gee. 7]_Triple Integrals_267 2251.
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Sec. 8] Improper Integrals Dependen
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Sec. 8]_Improper Integrals Dependen
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See. 9] Line Integrals 273 Test for
Page 281 and 282:
Sec. 9]____Line Inlegtah____275 whe
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Sec. 9]_Line Integrals__277 express
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Sec. 9] Lim Integrals 279 (/-axis;
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Sec 9] Line Integrals 281 Evaluate
Page 289 and 290:
Sec. 9] Line Integrals 2S& D. Appli
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Sec. 10] Surface Integrals 285 When
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ec. 11]_The Ostrogradsky-Gauss Form
Page 295 and 296:
Sec. 12] Fundamentals of Field Theo
Page 297 and 298:
Sec. 12] Fundamentals of Field Theo
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Sec. 1. Number Series Chapter VIII
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Sec. 1]_Number Series_295 c) D'Alem
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Sec /\_Number Series_297 Note. For
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2418. + + 0419 J___1_ . 4- 4- 4- '
Page 307 and 308:
Sec. 1] Number Series 2464. cos-2-)
Page 309 and 310:
Sec. 1]_Number Series_303 - V r(2-Q
Page 311 and 312:
Sec. 2]_Functional Series_305 In th
Page 313 and 314:
Sec. 2]_Functional Series_307 [the
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Sec. 2] Functional Series 309 Deter
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Sec. 3]_Taylor's Series_311 v8 s r
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Sec. 3] Taylor's Series 313 Since a
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Sec 3} Taylor's Series 315 2615. ln
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Sec. 3] Taylor's Series 317 2651. F
Page 325 and 326:
Sec. 4] Fourier Series 319 If a fun
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Sec. 4\__Fourier Series _321 2690.
Page 329 and 330:
Sec 1 1 Verifying Solutions 323 It
Page 331 and 332:
Sec. 21 First-Order Differential Eq
Page 333 and 334:
Sec. 3] Differential Equations with
Page 335 and 336:
Sec. 3\ Differential Equations with
Page 337 and 338:
Sec. 4]_First-Order Homogeneous Dif
Page 339 and 340:
Sec. 5] Bernoulli's Equation 333 Co
Page 341 and 342:
Sec. 6] Exact Differential Equation
Page 343 and 344:
Sec. 7] First-Order Differential Eq
Page 345 and 346:
Sec 8]_The Lagrange and Clairaut Eq
Page 347 and 348:
Sec. 9] Miscellaneous Exercises on
Page 349 and 350:
Sec. 9] Miscellaneous Exercises on
Page 351 and 352:
Sec. 10] Higher-Order Differential
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Sec. 10]__Higher-Order Differential
Page 355 and 356:
Sec. 11]_Linear Differential Equati
Page 357 and 358:
Sec. 12] Linear Differential Equati
Page 359 and 360:
Page 361 and 362:
Page 363 and 364:
Sec. 14]_Euler's Equations__357 Fin
Page 365 and 366:
Sec. 15]_Systems of Differential Eq
Page 367 and 368:
.Sec. 16} Integration of Differenti
Page 369 and 370:
Sec. 17] Problems on Fourier's Meth
Page 371 and 372:
Sec. 17]_Problems on Fourier's Meth
Page 373 and 374:
Chapter X APPROXIMATE CALCULATIONS
Page 375 and 376:
Sec. 1] Operations on Approximate N
Page 377 and 378:
Sec. /]_Operations on Approximate N
Page 379 and 380:
Sec, 2] Interpolation of Functions
Page 381 and 382:
Sec. 2] Interpolation of Functions
Page 383 and 384:
Sec. 3]_Computing the Real Roots of
Page 385 and 386:
Page 387 and 388:
Page 389 and 390:
Sec. 4] Numerical Integration of Fu
Page 391 and 392:
Sec. 5] Numerical Integration of Or
Page 393 and 394:
Page 395 and 396:
Page 398 and 399:
Table 3. Basic Table for Calculatin
Page 400 and 401:
394 Approximate Calculations \Ch 10
Page 402 and 403:
ANSWERS Chapter I 1. Solution. Sinc
Page 404 and 405:
398 Answers Form a table of values:
Page 406 and 407:
400 Answer* 271. Solution. If x & k
Page 408 and 409:
402 Answers b) /'(!)= lim 1^15^= li
Page 410 and 411:
404_Answers 494. , . 495. - - . 1 2
Page 412 and 413:
-406 Answers 640. Hint. The equatio
Page 414 and 415:
408_Answers_ 755. e xcosa sin(*sina
Page 416 and 417:
410_Answers_4 where R is the radius
Page 418 and 419:
412 Answers 1/~JT f Q \ J/max = TT=
Page 420 and 421:
414 Answers 976. j/mi n =1.32 when
Page 422 and 423:
416 Answers 1037. j/ 1040. 3x* 13 J
Page 424 and 425:
418 1 1137. 4- 6 3a . In I ocot3x|
Page 426 and 427:
420 Answers 4^8 Problem 1218*. 1221
Page 428 and 429:
422 Answers X arctan(* + 2). 1294.
Page 430 and 431:
424 Answers sin 5* , 1374. -!- 1377
Page 432 and 433:
426 Answers 3 1442. In l-x2 ' '" 2
Page 434 and 435:
428_Answers_ the function /(x) = --
Page 436 and 437:
430 Answers 1651. 3na 2 . 1652. n(b
Page 438 and 439:
432 Answers inertia /=Y 2jttf 1 r *
Page 440 and 441:
434 Answers along the large lower s
Page 442 and 443:
436 Answers cos^. ,810. * ox x* x d
Page 444 and 445:
438_Answers 1905. 1914. u(*. !/) =
Page 446 and 447:
440 Answers 1983. 3* + 4j/-H2z 169
Page 448 and 449:
442 Answers is ~ |/2 + -~=, the alt
Page 450 and 451:
444 Answers (binormal). 2103. bx *=
Page 452 and 453:
444_Answers_x = \ ' > (principal no
Page 454 and 455:
446 Answers 2 a a a 2139. ( dy(f(x,
Page 456 and 457:
448_Answers_ r 4 **/* [ rj-cos*(p--
Page 458 and 459:
450 Answers 2243. 2244. 1 i VT=T* ^
Page 460 and 461:
452 Answers 2 t 2297. ) ~ll . |-[(I
Page 462 and 463:
454_Answers__ TtD the flux, use the
Page 464 and 465:
456__Answers_ and when x | ^ =- , t
Page 466 and 467:
458 Answers
Page 468 and 469:
460 Answers %-l n=o (n)=^=%. 2873.
Page 470 and 471:
462 Answers Chapter IX 2704. Yes. 2
Page 472 and 473:
464 Answers 2822. g-C*+; y=2*. 2824
Page 474 and 475:
466 Answers x + C z . 2914. #=
Page 476 and 477:
468_Answers_ A $007. 1) x = C cosco
Page 478 and 479:
470 Answers 3081. x = C l e 3082. x
Page 480 and 481:
472 Answers ,*. f (2"+ 1)JtJf dx. H
Page 482 and 483:
474 Answers 3131. a) 0.211; 0.389;
Page 484 and 485:
476 Appendix III. Inverse Quantitie
Page 486 and 487:
478 Appendix IV. Trigonometric Func
Page 488 and 489:
480 Appendix VI. Some Curves (for R
Page 490 and 491:
482 Appendix 11. Graphs //-=secx an
Page 492 and 493:
486 Appendix 24. Strophoid, * u s^-
Page 494 and 495:
Absolute error Absolute value 367 o
Page 496 and 497:
490 Index Differential equations of
Page 498 and 499:
492 Index Infinite discontinuities
Page 500 and 501:
494 Index Operator Hamiltonian 288
Page 502:
496 Index Taylor's series Term 311,
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