Integration of Conservation Strategies of Plant Genetic ... - Genres

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Characterization, evaluation and documentation All collections are subject to characterization and evaluation. Accessions are screened for 3 successive years in fields or greenhouses and laboratories. As a rule, standard variety or set of varieties are included both to monitor within trial, and for trial to trial variation. Emphasis has been placed on yield compenents and yield related characters, disease resistance and tolerance to stress and adverse conditions. Most of the accessions have been evaluated. Computerized passport data have all accessions and evaluation data 68% of accessions. Best documented are cereals and grasses, hop and tobacco. In grasses over 83% of the accessions have both passport and evaluation data, in hop and tobacco around 61%, in cereals around 73% and in large seed legumes around 62%. For the remaining collections less than 60% of the accessions have both kinds of information (fig.2). Storage of seeds and clones Different storage forms were applied to all accessions, thereof to accessions 43,971 in the longterm store. The germplasm has been maintained as seed in controlled temperature conditions in two chambers with -15 o C and four with +4 o C 168 m 3 each located at the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute at Radzików. Prior to storage, samples undergo routine cleaning, drying to 5-7% water content and are checked for viability (which should not be lower than 85%), then packed in glass jars (active collection) and in small metal cans (base collection) and labeled. The viability control is accomplished currently at a special laboratory. Seed samples of less than 80% germination capacity are reproduced at a full preservation of genetic purity principles. Methods applied are dictated by the reproductive biology of the plant in question. Collection of horticultural and hop plants have been preserved as tubers under controlled conditions but some particularly valuble accessions of potato have been stored using in vitro meristem tip culture. The remaining objects are kept in store rooms of coperating units or exist in the form of orchards, hop plantation and berry shrubs. The status of germplasm preservation is illustrated by fig.3. Future prospects During several years of activities Polish Gene Bank has developed, in cooperation with other gene banks, serious technology of ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources. Ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources requires very high operational standards and procedures, which are not aviable by other organization (eg. botanical gardens) maintaining plant genetic resources. From other hand important task to be resolved is a preservation of wild relatives of crops which can be done by in situ conservation using existing organization of nature protection. New philosophy of nature conservation cross traditional understanding of nature conservation. Especially an idea of preservation of biodiversity needs new solutions. The strategy is the attempt to treat in an integrated fashion, four major levels of biodiversity- at the molecular level with ex-situ genome conservation (gene bank), at the species level, at the habitat or community level, and at the landscape level. In case of new possibilites activity of gene bank will join new environmental programmes, this means that gene bank potential ex situ conservation will support complex environmental protection.
Fig. 2: Computerized documentation of plant genetic resources in Poland Fig. 3: Status and preservation of plant genetic resources in Poland
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Integration of Conservation Strateg
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Table of Contents Pages Preface 1 K
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Preface When in autumn 1992 the Sci
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certainly be discussed intensively
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L. Dotlacil; Z. Stehno; M. Resatko
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Page 15 and 16: L. Dotlacil; Z. Stehno; M. Resatko
Page 21 and 22: F. Begemann 2.1.1 Agricultural and
Page 23 and 24: F. Begemann Table 2: Active members
Page 25 and 26: F. Begemann 1 Ahrensburg BAZ, Insti
Page 27 and 28: F. Begemann Table 4: Legal framewor
Page 29 and 30: F. Begemann Table 6: Objectives and
Page 31 and 32: F. Begemann Forsten, Angewandte Wis
Page 33 and 34: organization of actions developed s
Page 35 and 36: 1.5; Contribution of NGO for collec
Page 37 and 38: - The vine collection including mor
Page 39 and 40: Plant genetic resources activities
Page 49 and 50: available at present, in order to i
Page 51 and 52: National Activities on Plant Geneti
Page 53 and 54: and the Netherlands for cooperative
Page 55 and 56: - Duplicate collection A duplicate
Page 57 and 58: Table 2. Regeneration of crops Crop
Page 59 and 60: germination bags and rest bags) are
Page 61 and 62: Conservation of Plant Genetic Resou
Page 63 and 64: - collection of genotypes endangere
Page 65: Fig. 1: Organizational framework of
Page 69 and 70: CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF PLA
Page 71 and 72: In situ conservation An important p
Page 73 and 74: Prospects of development of ex situ
Page 75 and 76: disciples, currently numbers about
Page 77 and 78: VOLUME OF VIR'S DATA BASES (for Sep
Page 79 and 80: Plant Genetic Resources Activities
Page 81 and 82: Tab. 2: Seed active collections Pla
Page 83 and 84: 1.3 Botanic gardens Plant genetic r
Page 85 and 86: The Nordic Gene Bank S. BLIXT 1 Bac
Page 87 and 88: institute has agreed to maintain ge
Page 89 and 90: III. the species is endangered. B.
Page 91 and 92: Conservation of Plant Genetic Resou
Page 93 and 94: Since 1949 it has been the policy t
Page 95 and 96: eventually result in habitat fragme
Page 97 and 98: Ex situ genetic resources conservat
Page 99 and 100: Fig. 1: In-situ preservation areas
Page 101 and 102: Legal Framework-National Programme.
Page 103 and 104: European Cooperation on Plant Genet
Page 105 and 106: - Development of national programme
Page 107 and 108: Operation of the ECP/GR in Phase V
Page 109 and 110: The "informal sector" It is now wid
Page 111 and 112: Australian collecting mission has b
Page 113 and 114: Man and the Biosphere (MAB) A Globa
Page 115 and 116: 2.3 Transition Zone Core and buffer
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develop models for measures to impr
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Fig. 1: Map of the Biosphere Reserv
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4.7 Middle Elbe The biosphere reser
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7. Concluding remark Due to the lon
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Plants and Gardens in the UK. These
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to be unavailable elsewhere. The cl
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90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Potato
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is no duplication. Disputes would b
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1ai In the event of germination dro
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Finally, all these methods of conse
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have historically been one of the f
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In situ conservation of plant genet
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eing mainly to local and regional u
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working with local people on conser
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Ex situ and on farm conservation an
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Germany the Gatersleben institute w
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Ex sit u an d on f ar m con ser v a
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On farm conservation of fruit trees
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Little ancient villages, abandoned
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consisting of two plants for each v
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and fruit conservation. Local and r
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Integrated approaches to ex-situ an
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of direct importance to the institu
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of fruit trees still found in garde
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All participants signed three resol
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Ex situ: - plantations - seed orcha
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Pollen storage is an efficient meth
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The definition in CBD which reflect
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3.3 Variability within the species
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New Approaches to Evaluation of Gen
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References Dragavtsev, V.A., Utemis
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The tasks of vegetables genetic res
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Atriplex hortensis 1 Brassica campe
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5. The collection some of Brassica
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The present economic situation in P
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enormous variety of forms, the evol
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For several years now the Botanical
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References: CELINSKI F., DENISIUK F
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Winter buds were used and analyzed
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Report of Working Groups: J. CHERFA
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Report of Working Group on: Complem
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Resolution (formulated by all parti
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Germany Dr. Karl HAMMER Head of Gen
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Tel:+(48)-22-552575 Fax:+(48)-22-55
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06118 Halle Dr. Lothar FRESE German
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