Integration of Conservation Strategies of Plant Genetic ... - Genres

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4. Characterization and evaluation Characterization and primary evaluation allow identification of a sample and a description of its genetic variation. If proper assessment of a descriptor requires expert knowledge, crop specialists are consulted. Where possible characterization and primary evaluation are carried out during regeneration. To insure proper seed production, plants sometimes receive special treatments, resulting in atypical growth, which makes them unsuitable for proper description. For example lettuce is regenerated under glass to promote rapid bolting for seed production. Therefore important characteristics exhibited during the mature vegetative stage, notably head characteristics, can not be described properly. For such crops special evaluation trials are carried out. Approximately 40 plants per accession are used in non-replicated plots under conditions that are normal for cultivation in The Netherlands. During these trials users are given the opportunity to view the collections. Active participation of users in the evaluation of germplasm is encouraged, since CGN is not equipped to screen all the collections for properties such as disease resistance, chemical properties and physiological parameters. Although the field crops are screened for field resistance of some diseases during regeneration to provide to preliminary indications, additional information on collection material is valuable. Therefore the users of collections who perform this type of screening are always requested to feedback their evaluation data. Characterization data obtained during trials performed by users are also returned, and recorded in the CGN information system GENIS-VAX. Many decisions in genebank management are based on expectations about the genetic diversity in and between accessions and (parts of) collections. E.g. if accessions are to be merged it should be known if they actually are or only seem to be identical. But also for research in strategies for maximizing genetic diversity in germplasm collections knowledge about genetic diversity is necessary. The most appropriate tool to determine genetic diversity is provided by biochemical analysis. The CGN has recently set up a facility for the analysis of electrophoresis of iso-enzymes. 5. Seed storage management and distribution All accessions that have become part of the collections need to be stored. Seed should also be available for distribution. 5.1 Seed-processing/storage facility The seed-storage and -processing facility is located in a separate building. The seed-storage facilities of the CGN consist of the following compartments, all 3 m high: • 2 deep freezer compartments (-20° C) each of 30 m 2 • 1 cooler compartment (+2° C to +4° C) of 30 m 2 • 1 dryer compartment (+16° C, 12% RH) of 10 m 2 • 1 working compartment of 20 m 2 5.2 Seed storage The CGN has both long- and medium-term storage facilities. The total seed bulk after regeneration of an accession is split into two parts. The user bags are stored for short/mediumterm storage in a numbered box at 4° C. The bags of the other types (regeneration bags,
germination bags and rest bags) are placed in a numbered box for long-term storage at -20° C. The numbered boxes are placed on numbered shelves in the storage rooms grouped by crop. The location of storage (box and shelve) is recorded in the CGN information system. A computer terminal is present in the seed storage facility to enable direct updating of storage information in the central collection database. 5.3 Distribution of germplasm Requests for material by users should preferably be made in writing, on official stationary of the organisation making the application. The request should state a description of the material needed, a short explanation of the proposed use and the name of the person making the request. Requests for material are handled by the responsible crop scientist and the seed manager. Specified requests for material are checked against information on the availability of user samples. If available, the samples are booked for distribution (number of user samples is updated and the sample is registered as distributed). Using the storage information in the CGN information system, the storage location is retrieved. The samples are packed in shock proof material. Additional passport and evaluation information are supplied on demand. Phytosanitary certificates are issued on request of the user. 6. Information management Nearly all activities at a genebank generate some kind of information which has to be stored and made available. The genebank information systems deal with all aspects of the genebank activities: registration, characterization, regeneration, storage, monitoring and distribution. Information technology is a key element of the conservation and exploitation of plant genetic resources. For this reason CGN has devoted considerable effort into the development of what we consider good and user-friendly applications based on the DataBase Management System (DBMS) Oracle version 6. A major concern of any genetic resources DBMS is that it will facilitate not only easy access for users, but also the exchange of information with DBMS's of other collection holders. The principle for data excahnge is not standardization, but flexibility and integrity. If the flexibility of the sender of data is such that data of any format can be loaded, data exchange is possible. To make exchange usefull, full interpretability of the datafiles should be guarantied. 6.1 Information management applications Concerning the information management activities, several areas can be distinguished: • Documentation of CGN collections (ORACLE) • Documentation of CPRO working collections (ORACLE) • Documentation of European collections of cultivated Brassica species with the European Database for Brassica (ORACLE) • Documentation of bibliographical information (CARDBOX) • Documentation of miscellaneous information (CARDBOX) • Documentation of information originating from other genebanks (ORACLE) Between brackets is the name of the software programme that is used for these specific activities.
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Integration of Conservation Strateg
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Table of Contents Pages Preface 1 K
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Preface When in autumn 1992 the Sci
Page 7 and 8: certainly be discussed intensively
Page 9 and 10: L. Dotlacil; Z. Stehno; M. Resatko
Page 21 and 22: F. Begemann 2.1.1 Agricultural and
Page 23 and 24: F. Begemann Table 2: Active members
Page 25 and 26: F. Begemann 1 Ahrensburg BAZ, Insti
Page 27 and 28: F. Begemann Table 4: Legal framewor
Page 29 and 30: F. Begemann Table 6: Objectives and
Page 31 and 32: F. Begemann Forsten, Angewandte Wis
Page 33 and 34: organization of actions developed s
Page 35 and 36: 1.5; Contribution of NGO for collec
Page 37 and 38: - The vine collection including mor
Page 39 and 40: Plant genetic resources activities
Page 49 and 50: available at present, in order to i
Page 51 and 52: National Activities on Plant Geneti
Page 53 and 54: and the Netherlands for cooperative
Page 55 and 56: - Duplicate collection A duplicate
Page 57: Table 2. Regeneration of crops Crop
Page 61 and 62: Conservation of Plant Genetic Resou
Page 63 and 64: - collection of genotypes endangere
Page 65 and 66: Fig. 1: Organizational framework of
Page 67 and 68: Fig. 2: Computerized documentation
Page 69 and 70: CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF PLA
Page 71 and 72: In situ conservation An important p
Page 73 and 74: Prospects of development of ex situ
Page 75 and 76: disciples, currently numbers about
Page 77 and 78: VOLUME OF VIR'S DATA BASES (for Sep
Page 79 and 80: Plant Genetic Resources Activities
Page 81 and 82: Tab. 2: Seed active collections Pla
Page 83 and 84: 1.3 Botanic gardens Plant genetic r
Page 85 and 86: The Nordic Gene Bank S. BLIXT 1 Bac
Page 87 and 88: institute has agreed to maintain ge
Page 89 and 90: III. the species is endangered. B.
Page 91 and 92: Conservation of Plant Genetic Resou
Page 93 and 94: Since 1949 it has been the policy t
Page 95 and 96: eventually result in habitat fragme
Page 97 and 98: Ex situ genetic resources conservat
Page 99 and 100: Fig. 1: In-situ preservation areas
Page 101 and 102: Legal Framework-National Programme.
Page 103 and 104: European Cooperation on Plant Genet
Page 105 and 106: - Development of national programme
Page 107 and 108: Operation of the ECP/GR in Phase V
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The "informal sector" It is now wid
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Australian collecting mission has b
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Man and the Biosphere (MAB) A Globa
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2.3 Transition Zone Core and buffer
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develop models for measures to impr
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Fig. 1: Map of the Biosphere Reserv
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4.7 Middle Elbe The biosphere reser
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7. Concluding remark Due to the lon
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Plants and Gardens in the UK. These
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to be unavailable elsewhere. The cl
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90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Potato
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is no duplication. Disputes would b
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1ai In the event of germination dro
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Finally, all these methods of conse
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have historically been one of the f
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In situ conservation of plant genet
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eing mainly to local and regional u
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working with local people on conser
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Ex situ and on farm conservation an
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Germany the Gatersleben institute w
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Ex sit u an d on f ar m con ser v a
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On farm conservation of fruit trees
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Little ancient villages, abandoned
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consisting of two plants for each v
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and fruit conservation. Local and r
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Integrated approaches to ex-situ an
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of direct importance to the institu
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of fruit trees still found in garde
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All participants signed three resol
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Ex situ: - plantations - seed orcha
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Pollen storage is an efficient meth
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The definition in CBD which reflect
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3.3 Variability within the species
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New Approaches to Evaluation of Gen
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References Dragavtsev, V.A., Utemis
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The tasks of vegetables genetic res
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Atriplex hortensis 1 Brassica campe
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5. The collection some of Brassica
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The present economic situation in P
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enormous variety of forms, the evol
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For several years now the Botanical
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References: CELINSKI F., DENISIUK F
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Winter buds were used and analyzed
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Report of Working Groups: J. CHERFA
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Report of Working Group on: Complem
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Resolution (formulated by all parti
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Germany Dr. Karl HAMMER Head of Gen
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Tel:+(48)-22-552575 Fax:+(48)-22-55
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06118 Halle Dr. Lothar FRESE German
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