Integration of Conservation Strategies of Plant Genetic ... - Genres
Integration of Conservation Strategies of Plant Genetic ... - Genres Integration of Conservation Strategies of Plant Genetic ... - Genres
Table 1. CGN collections Crop Size 1 Onion and leek Type Remarks 73 base & active Lettuce 1767 base & active Beet 205 base & duplicate Cole crops 474 base, active & duplicate Miscellaneou s crucifers 774 active & duplicate Allium cepa, A. ampeloprasum and related species. Shared base responsibility with HRI, Wellesbourne (UK) and NGPS (USA). Duplicate collection is stored at HRI, Wellesbourne (UK). Lactuca sativa and related wild species. Duplicate collection stored at HRI, Wellesbourne (UK). Beta vulgaris and related species. Shared responsibility with FAL, Braunschweig (Germany). Brassica oleracea. Shared responsibility with HRI, Wellesbourne, and CAAS, Beijing, China. Duplicate collections exchanged with HRI, Wellesbourne (UK). Brassica napus, B. rapa, B. juncea, B. carinata, B. chinensis, B. pekinensis, Raphanus sativus, Sinapis alba. Duplicate collections exchanged with HRI, Wellesbourne (UK). Wheat 4866 active Mainly Triticum aestivum, but also some primitive and wild species. Lupin 41 active Lupinus alba and L. luteus. Cocksfoot 28 active Dactylus glomerata. Timothy 34 active Mainly Phleum pratense, some P. bertolonii. Oats 540 active Mainly Avena sativa, few wild species. Barley 3082 active Mainly Hordeum vulgare, but also H. spontaneum and some wild species. Maize 482 active Mainly cultivated Zea mays (fodder types). Faba beans 492 active Mainly Vicia faba. Peas 757 active Mainly Pisum sativa. Spinach 353 active Mainly Spinacia oleracea, some S. turkestania and S. tetandra. Tomato 279 active Lycopersicon esculentum and related wild species Pepper active Capsicum annuum and related species Clover 137 active Mainly Trifolium pratense. Rye-grass 127 active Mainly Lolium perenne. Eggplant active & duplicate Solanum melongena and related species. Partial duplication of IBPGR collecting activities, together with the University of Birmingham (UK). Potato duplicate Solanum sp. Duplicate collection from FAL, Braunschweig (Germany). 1) number of accessions (March 1993)
- Duplicate collection A duplicate collection is a replicate base collection, stored at an alternative location, to prevent loss of valuable germplasm in case the base collection or part of it is destroyed. The current number of accessions is 14,511 (see table 1). It is expected that in the next ten years the number of accessions will increase up to ±20,000. This increase will be mainly due to some large vegetable collections which are being included in the CGN collection: tomato (1300 accessions), pepper (900 acc.), eggplant (400 acc.) and cucumber (1000 acc.). Some other important existing collections will be expanded: onion/leek (+300 acc.), crucifers (+400 acc.), lettuce (+300 acc.), cereals (+1500 acc.) and peas (+500 acc.). 2.3 Rationalization of collections Rationalization of collections has become an important issue, since this leads to collections being organized so that utility and maintenance are optimized. Reduction of duplication within collections, to minimize the collection size while maintaining its genetic diversity, is very effective. In the case of cross pollinating crops, samples with a corresponding genetic origin are bulked. For Brassica oleracea, Allium cepa and Allium ampeloprasum group Leek, farmers and breeders have made numerous selections, based on a limited number of heterogeneous cultivars. Hence, many selections share a common genetic background. Closely related material are grouped on the bases of historical evidence and morphological characteristics. Crop experts from private breeding firms, the Dutch cultivar registration service and the inspection service for vegetable and flower seeds assist in grouping the samples. The samples of a specific group are bulked in a joint regeneration. To maintain the total genetic variation of the compound sample, all samples of a group contribute an equal number of plants (at least 20) to the joint regeneration of at least 100 plants. The bulking of samples has resulted in a 50% reduction in collection size for cabbages, Brussels sprouts, onions and leek, all originating from the Netherlands. Another aspect of rationalization is the splitting of heterogeneous samples in distinct homogeneous fractions. For self-pollinating crops, this approach can be used to simplify the description of accessions. Additional concepts for rationalization, such as core collections, are being studied but have not yet been implemented in our genebank procedures. 3. Regeneration Regeneration is the renewal of a seed sample by taking a random sample of seeds, sowing and growing the resulting plants under conditions so that the seeds harvested will possess the same characteristics as the original population. Regeneration of seeds is required when the germination percentage has fallen below acceptable levels or shortage of seed occurs. As a rule, the germination percentage should be above 75-80%. Samples are marked for regeneration when seed is no longer available for distribution. The seed manager monitors all accessions for these criteria. Most regenerations are carried out by CGN itself, although some are conducted in cooperation with private breeding firms who have similar regeneration procedures to CGN. Cooperation with these firms, enables CGN to increase its capacity for seed regeneration.
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Table 1. CGN collections<br />
Crop Size 1<br />
Onion and<br />
leek<br />
Type Remarks<br />
73 base &<br />
active<br />
Lettuce 1767 base &<br />
active<br />
Beet 205 base &<br />
duplicate<br />
Cole crops 474 base,<br />
active &<br />
duplicate<br />
Miscellaneou<br />
s crucifers<br />
774 active &<br />
duplicate<br />
Allium cepa, A. ampeloprasum and related species.<br />
Shared base responsibility with HRI, Wellesbourne<br />
(UK) and NGPS (USA). Duplicate collection is stored<br />
at HRI, Wellesbourne (UK).<br />
Lactuca sativa and related wild species. Duplicate<br />
collection stored at HRI, Wellesbourne (UK).<br />
Beta vulgaris and related species. Shared responsibility<br />
with FAL, Braunschweig (Germany).<br />
Brassica oleracea. Shared responsibility with HRI,<br />
Wellesbourne, and CAAS, Beijing, China. Duplicate<br />
collections exchanged with HRI, Wellesbourne (UK).<br />
Brassica napus, B. rapa, B. juncea, B. carinata, B.<br />
chinensis, B. pekinensis, Raphanus sativus, Sinapis<br />
alba. Duplicate collections exchanged with HRI,<br />
Wellesbourne (UK).<br />
Wheat 4866 active Mainly Triticum aestivum, but also some primitive and<br />
wild species.<br />
Lupin 41 active Lupinus alba and L. luteus.<br />
Cocksfoot 28 active Dactylus glomerata.<br />
Timothy 34 active Mainly Phleum pratense, some P. bertolonii.<br />
Oats 540 active Mainly Avena sativa, few wild species.<br />
Barley 3082 active Mainly Hordeum vulgare, but also H. spontaneum and<br />
some wild species.<br />
Maize 482 active Mainly cultivated Zea mays (fodder types).<br />
Faba beans 492 active Mainly Vicia faba.<br />
Peas 757 active Mainly Pisum sativa.<br />
Spinach 353 active Mainly Spinacia oleracea, some S. turkestania and S.<br />
tetandra.<br />
Tomato 279 active Lycopersicon esculentum and related wild species<br />
Pepper active Capsicum annuum and related species<br />
Clover 137 active Mainly Trifolium pratense.<br />
Rye-grass 127 active Mainly Lolium perenne.<br />
Eggplant active &<br />
duplicate<br />
Solanum melongena and related species. Partial<br />
duplication <strong>of</strong> IBPGR collecting activities, together<br />
with the University <strong>of</strong> Birmingham (UK).<br />
Potato duplicate Solanum sp. Duplicate collection from FAL, Braunschweig<br />
(Germany).<br />
1) number <strong>of</strong> accessions (March 1993)
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