Integration of Conservation Strategies of Plant Genetic ... - Genres

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Conservation and management of plant genetic resources in France Bureau des Ressources Génétiques (BRG). It is coordinated by a person from GEVES, who is working next to INRA plant breeders in Clermont-Ferrand, and who is responsible for the double of the whole collection stored in cold room at Clermont-Ferrand. Today, the network includes resources which are maintained over 5 INRA plant breeding stations and over 6 private breeders stations. 2.2.3. Tomatoes This network was initiated in 1988 by INRA and three private firms : CLAUSE, VILMORIN and TEZIER. It is coordinated by the INRA plant breeding station in Montfavet. It includes about 2000 genetic resources, involving varieties and selfed lines, mutants and isogenic lines, wild species from the genius Lycopersicon. The first step of this program, which was financially supported by the Ministry of Research, was the characterization of the whole material. Actually, the lack of a permanent financial support does not allow the multiplication of the whole collection of resources. 2.2.4. Forage, meadow plants and grasses This network was initiated in 1990 by INRA, GEVES and private breeders from AFCEV ; it is really efficient since 1992. It is ensuring the conservation of more than 2000 resources which are Graminaceae (Lolium perenne and multiflorum, Festuca and Dactylis) and lucernes (annual and perenial). Each partner is responsible for the multiplication of his material, and has to supply the coordinating centre (GEVES-Le Magneraud) for the seed distribution. There are 3 types of gene banks in the network : an active one for the distribution of seeds and a longterm one where seeds are maintained at -20λC, which are both located in Le Magneraud ; a security bank distributed over all sites of the network where seeds are stored at +4λC. 2.2.5. Maize A cooperative program concerning the conservation of populations' genetic diversity was initiated in 1984 by INRA and maize private breeders (PROMAÏS). It was financially supported by the Ministry of Agriculture since the beginning of the program. 1200 populations, which are maintened in cold rooms at 4λC in Montpellier, were characterized for per se value and test-cross values, and then grouped in 32 genetic pools. The agronomical performance of 24 of these pools was improved, by crossing them with improving hybrids. These pools represent an interesting basis for the development of recurrent selection shemes ; they are now managed by the partners of the program. Also, the multiplication of individual populations (every 10 years) is distributed over years and partners, in order to reduce the annual cost of conservation for each member of the network. 2.2.6 Other species Because of the diversity of actors involved in the conservation of fruit species (fruit trees and little fruit shrubs), there is a need for coordination of all activities. The constitution of a network for fruit species is actually thought ; it should involve partners from public research, from National Conservatories and natural Parks, from nursery men and from organizations (AFCEV). A network for the conservation of Pelargonium resources (about 500 sets) has been initiated in 1991. It includes 8 partners from the company Union-France-Pelargonium and 2 private partners from the GIE Clause-Limagrain. The company on one hand and the GIE Clause-Limagrain on the other are responsible for the conservation of half of the collection. Besides all these network systems, France has very large collections of national impact for several species :
- The vine collection including more than 3 300 varieties (Montpellier) ; - The potato collection including more than 2 500 clones, half of which is of Solanum tuberosum. A large part of the collection is maintained in vitro to prevent any sanitary risk (Landerneau) ; - The crucifers collection (forage and vegetable species), which includes more than 1100 old local populations (Rennes). 3. International implications France, as 123 other countries, is a member of the international Commision for Plant Genetic Resources, which was created in 1983 by the FAO in order to secure the conservation of PGR all over the world. So it has approved the international agreement for PGR and ensured a financial support for this action. France is also involved in actions developed by the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR), particularly devoted to developing countries : prospections for main cultivated species ; organization of their conservation ex situ ; definition of passport data for characterization of resources setting of local coordinators to work in a consistent way with national programs. Also, IBPRG assumes a logistic support in the European Cooperative Program for the establishment of networks. France is responsible for several databases at an European (Lucerne, Prunus) or International (Banana, Coconut,...) level. 4. Towards a national strategy for the Conservation of Genetic Resources As it was previously said, a lot of work has been done in France for the conservation of PGR. However, works remain to optimize and to better coordinate actions and implications of actors for the conservation of plant, animal and microorganism resources. These reasons have justified the creation of a Groupement of Scientific Interest (GIS) in 1993, the partners of which are directly involved in the conservation of genetic resources : three ministries, five public institutions and the GEVES. This GIS which is named "Bureau des Ressources Génétiques" (BRG), has to ensure different missions : - to organize concertations and works in the field of genetic resources concerning animals, plants and microorganisms ; - to encourage the scientific research on genetic resources ; - to favour the transfer of knowledge and of results by information and training ; - to record and bring into lines national actions in the field of genetic resources ; - to develop the thoughts and the concertation about the maintenance and the use of collections of genetic resources ; - to put its scientific representativeness at the disposal of national establishments, in order to have a significant French representation in international authorities. The new BRG is now forming a Scientific and Strategic Commission, which will help it to define an efficient policy in order to ensure its previous missions. The definition of this policy, its strategic orientations and scientific axis, will be the first task of the Bureau in 1994.
Page 1 and 2: Integration of Conservation Strateg
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents Pages Preface 1 K
Page 5 and 6: Preface When in autumn 1992 the Sci
Page 7 and 8: certainly be discussed intensively
Page 9 and 10: L. Dotlacil; Z. Stehno; M. Resatko
Page 21 and 22: F. Begemann 2.1.1 Agricultural and
Page 23 and 24: F. Begemann Table 2: Active members
Page 25 and 26: F. Begemann 1 Ahrensburg BAZ, Insti
Page 27 and 28: F. Begemann Table 4: Legal framewor
Page 29 and 30: F. Begemann Table 6: Objectives and
Page 31 and 32: F. Begemann Forsten, Angewandte Wis
Page 33 and 34: organization of actions developed s
Page 35: 1.5; Contribution of NGO for collec
Page 39 and 40: Plant genetic resources activities
Page 49 and 50: available at present, in order to i
Page 51 and 52: National Activities on Plant Geneti
Page 53 and 54: and the Netherlands for cooperative
Page 55 and 56: - Duplicate collection A duplicate
Page 57 and 58: Table 2. Regeneration of crops Crop
Page 59 and 60: germination bags and rest bags) are
Page 61 and 62: Conservation of Plant Genetic Resou
Page 63 and 64: - collection of genotypes endangere
Page 65 and 66: Fig. 1: Organizational framework of
Page 67 and 68: Fig. 2: Computerized documentation
Page 69 and 70: CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF PLA
Page 71 and 72: In situ conservation An important p
Page 73 and 74: Prospects of development of ex situ
Page 75 and 76: disciples, currently numbers about
Page 77 and 78: VOLUME OF VIR'S DATA BASES (for Sep
Page 79 and 80: Plant Genetic Resources Activities
Page 81 and 82: Tab. 2: Seed active collections Pla
Page 83 and 84: 1.3 Botanic gardens Plant genetic r
Page 85 and 86: The Nordic Gene Bank S. BLIXT 1 Bac
Page 87 and 88:
institute has agreed to maintain ge
Page 89 and 90:
III. the species is endangered. B.
Page 91 and 92:
Conservation of Plant Genetic Resou
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Since 1949 it has been the policy t
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eventually result in habitat fragme
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Ex situ genetic resources conservat
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Fig. 1: In-situ preservation areas
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Legal Framework-National Programme.
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European Cooperation on Plant Genet
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- Development of national programme
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Operation of the ECP/GR in Phase V
Page 109 and 110:
The "informal sector" It is now wid
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Australian collecting mission has b
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Man and the Biosphere (MAB) A Globa
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2.3 Transition Zone Core and buffer
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develop models for measures to impr
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Fig. 1: Map of the Biosphere Reserv
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4.7 Middle Elbe The biosphere reser
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7. Concluding remark Due to the lon
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Plants and Gardens in the UK. These
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to be unavailable elsewhere. The cl
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90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Potato
Page 131 and 132:
is no duplication. Disputes would b
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1ai In the event of germination dro
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Finally, all these methods of conse
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have historically been one of the f
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In situ conservation of plant genet
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eing mainly to local and regional u
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working with local people on conser
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Ex situ and on farm conservation an
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Germany the Gatersleben institute w
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Ex sit u an d on f ar m con ser v a
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Page 153 and 154:
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On farm conservation of fruit trees
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Little ancient villages, abandoned
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consisting of two plants for each v
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and fruit conservation. Local and r
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Integrated approaches to ex-situ an
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of direct importance to the institu
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of fruit trees still found in garde
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All participants signed three resol
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Ex situ: - plantations - seed orcha
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Pollen storage is an efficient meth
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The definition in CBD which reflect
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3.3 Variability within the species
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New Approaches to Evaluation of Gen
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References Dragavtsev, V.A., Utemis
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The tasks of vegetables genetic res
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Atriplex hortensis 1 Brassica campe
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5. The collection some of Brassica
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The present economic situation in P
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enormous variety of forms, the evol
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For several years now the Botanical
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References: CELINSKI F., DENISIUK F
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Winter buds were used and analyzed
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Report of Working Groups: J. CHERFA
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Report of Working Group on: Complem
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Resolution (formulated by all parti
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Germany Dr. Karl HAMMER Head of Gen
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Tel:+(48)-22-552575 Fax:+(48)-22-55
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06118 Halle Dr. Lothar FRESE German
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