Integration of Conservation Strategies of Plant Genetic ... - Genres

More documents

Recommendations

Info

territory and its history It accelerated the erosion of traditional culture and, deftly, that of the local and old varieties. However it is possible to verify a great interest of the younger local farmers who know these species or varieties only from the stories of their grandfathers. Keepers of rural touristic farms, who wish to offer to their guests traditional and typical products, are also highly committed. In addition a great interest in starting cooperation with some farmers of the biological and biodinamic sector was noted. Some fruit varieties, like Conventina apple, still diffused and known in the local market, are conserved, without problems, by farmers and consumers. One way to reintroduce, cultivate, save and add economical value to local varieties, is to certify them as "typical product" or "local" or "traditional products". References Bassi, E. 1929. Frutticoltura italiana. (ed.) Carlo Tarantola, Piacenza. Berti, P., and Cavazza, D. 1883. Saggio di frutticultura. (ed.) Felice Poggi, Firenze. Bochicchio, N. 1916. Il pero e il melo razionalmente coltivati. (ed.) F. Battiato, Catania. Boni, G. 1925. Manuale pratico di frutticoltura. (ed.) Lattes & C., Torino. Canevari, A. 1884. Coltivazione delle piante alimentari. (ed.) L'Italia agricola, Milano. Cantoni, G. 1884. Trattato completo teorico e pratico di agricoltura. (ed.) F.Vallardi, Milano. Dalla Ragione, I. 1992. Ricerca e ritrovamento di vecchie varietà fruttifere e biotipi locali in zone di? collina dell'Umbria, tradizionalmente non vocate alla frutticoltura. Atti del Congresso "Germoplasma fruttifero" Alghero 21-25 Settembre 1992. (ed.) C. Delfino. Desplanques, H. 1969. Campagnes ombriennes. (ed.) Colin, Paris. Lega per l'Ambiente, Ambiente Italia 1992, (ed.) Vallecchi, Firenze. Leroy, A. 1873. Dictionaire de pomologie. Angers. Marchenais, P. 1984. A la recherche des variétés locales de plantes cultivées. (ed.) PAGE PACA, Hyères, France. Perna, M.R. and Dalla Ragione I. 1992. Il Germoplasma frutticolo in Italia. Ambiente Italia 1992 (ed.) Vallecchi. Arancia blu. Perrino, P. 1992. La conservazione delle varietà di interesse agrario. Ambiente Italia. 1992. (ed.) Vallecchi. Arancia blu. Recchia, E. 1992. La conservazione informale: gli attori della conservazione non ufficiale. Ambiente Italia 1992. (ed.) Vallecchi. Arancia blu. Sereni, E. 1961. Storia del paesaggio agrario italiano. (ed.) Laterza, Bari. Tamaro, D. 1905. Trattato di frutticoltura. (ed.) Hoepli, Milano. Tamaro, D. 1928. Frutta di grande reddito. (ed.) Hoepli, Milano. Virgili, S. and Polidori, E. 1992. Il germoplasma del melo nelle Marche. (ed.) Regione Marche, ESAM, Ancona.
Integrated approaches to ex-situ and in-situ conservation J.J. HARDON, T.J.L. VAN HINTUM 1 Introduction Biodiversity is the main strategy of survival of natural ecosystems and species within ecosystems. Through processes of inter-specific competition and at the species level migration, mutation, recombination, and selection dynamic equilibria are established with existing natural resources, while maintaining genetic options for plasticity and change in response to diverse and sometimes changing environments. Traditional farming systems were and are based on similar concepts. Through mixtures of crops and genetic variation within crops, yield security is a major objective. This is essentially achieved through natural balances between crops and both biotic and abiotic stress factors at least partly by maintaining appropriate levels of genetic diversity within and between crops. This process has led over time to a multitude of landraces, resulting from both human and natural selection. These landraces provide adaptation to a wide range of different environmental conditions. In these cropping systems genetic diversity is naturally maintained in an evolutionary manner. Areas where traditional agriculture is practised are therefor important reservoirs of still existing and evolving genetic diversity. The importance of landraces as a source of genetic diversity to plantbreeding is obvious. However it should be realized that the objective of such cropping systems is not conservation per se. These systems employ genetic diversity as a strategy for yield security and thereby maintain genetic diversity. However there generally is a constant turn-over of different landraces, often obtained by exchange within and between farming communities, combined with introgression and selection. As agricultural systems change, so does genetic diversity within such systems. And agricultural systems are changing due to cultural changes as a result of economical and social development, but also due to environmental changes, inflow of modern and exotic varieties, and due to calamities like droughts, floods or wars. Traditional agriculture is also increasingly being affected by modern agricultural practices based on the use of external inputs to cope with rising population pressure in many areas. Hence from the point of view of conservation, even traditional farming systems are not secure, more so since changes in such systems are difficult to monitor. The obvious conclusion is, that ex-situ conservation is essential as a back-up system to in-situ conservation. The basic changes affected by modern agriculture are, that rather than adapting crops and crop complexes to different environments, the production environments are adapted to the requirements of specific crops. Abiotic stress factors are dealt with by soil management, fertilizers, 1 Authors' address: CPRO-DLO Centre for Genetic Resources (CGN) P.O.Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands.
Page 1 and 2:
Integration of Conservation Strateg
Page 3 and 4:
Table of Contents Pages Preface 1 K
Page 5 and 6:
Preface When in autumn 1992 the Sci
Page 7 and 8:
certainly be discussed intensively
Page 9 and 10:
L. Dotlacil; Z. Stehno; M. Resatko
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
F. Begemann 2.1.1 Agricultural and
Page 23 and 24:
F. Begemann Table 2: Active members
Page 25 and 26:
F. Begemann 1 Ahrensburg BAZ, Insti
Page 27 and 28:
F. Begemann Table 4: Legal framewor
Page 29 and 30:
F. Begemann Table 6: Objectives and
Page 31 and 32:
F. Begemann Forsten, Angewandte Wis
Page 33 and 34:
organization of actions developed s
Page 35 and 36:
1.5; Contribution of NGO for collec
Page 37 and 38:
- The vine collection including mor
Page 39 and 40:
Plant genetic resources activities
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
available at present, in order to i
Page 51 and 52:
National Activities on Plant Geneti
Page 53 and 54:
and the Netherlands for cooperative
Page 55 and 56:
- Duplicate collection A duplicate
Page 57 and 58:
Table 2. Regeneration of crops Crop
Page 59 and 60:
germination bags and rest bags) are
Page 61 and 62:
Conservation of Plant Genetic Resou
Page 63 and 64:
- collection of genotypes endangere
Page 65 and 66:
Fig. 1: Organizational framework of
Page 67 and 68:
Fig. 2: Computerized documentation
Page 69 and 70:
CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF PLA
Page 71 and 72:
In situ conservation An important p
Page 73 and 74:
Prospects of development of ex situ
Page 75 and 76:
disciples, currently numbers about
Page 77 and 78:
VOLUME OF VIR'S DATA BASES (for Sep
Page 79 and 80:
Plant Genetic Resources Activities
Page 81 and 82:
Tab. 2: Seed active collections Pla
Page 83 and 84:
1.3 Botanic gardens Plant genetic r
Page 85 and 86:
The Nordic Gene Bank S. BLIXT 1 Bac
Page 87 and 88:
institute has agreed to maintain ge
Page 89 and 90:
III. the species is endangered. B.
Page 91 and 92:
Conservation of Plant Genetic Resou
Page 93 and 94:
Since 1949 it has been the policy t
Page 95 and 96:
eventually result in habitat fragme
Page 97 and 98:
Ex situ genetic resources conservat
Page 99 and 100:
Fig. 1: In-situ preservation areas
Page 101 and 102:
Legal Framework-National Programme.
Page 103 and 104:
European Cooperation on Plant Genet
Page 105 and 106:
- Development of national programme
Page 107 and 108:
Operation of the ECP/GR in Phase V
Page 109 and 110:
The "informal sector" It is now wid
Page 111 and 112: Australian collecting mission has b
Page 113 and 114: Man and the Biosphere (MAB) A Globa
Page 115 and 116: 2.3 Transition Zone Core and buffer
Page 117 and 118: develop models for measures to impr
Page 119 and 120: Fig. 1: Map of the Biosphere Reserv
Page 121 and 122: 4.7 Middle Elbe The biosphere reser
Page 123 and 124: 7. Concluding remark Due to the lon
Page 125 and 126: Plants and Gardens in the UK. These
Page 127 and 128: to be unavailable elsewhere. The cl
Page 129 and 130: 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Potato
Page 131 and 132: is no duplication. Disputes would b
Page 133 and 134: 1ai In the event of germination dro
Page 135 and 136: Finally, all these methods of conse
Page 137 and 138: have historically been one of the f
Page 139 and 140: In situ conservation of plant genet
Page 141 and 142: eing mainly to local and regional u
Page 143 and 144: working with local people on conser
Page 145 and 146: Ex situ and on farm conservation an
Page 147 and 148: Germany the Gatersleben institute w
Page 149 and 150: Ex sit u an d on f ar m con ser v a
Page 155 and 156: On farm conservation of fruit trees
Page 157 and 158: Little ancient villages, abandoned
Page 159 and 160: consisting of two plants for each v
Page 161: and fruit conservation. Local and r
Page 165 and 166: of direct importance to the institu
Page 167 and 168: of fruit trees still found in garde
Page 169 and 170: All participants signed three resol
Page 171 and 172: Ex situ: - plantations - seed orcha
Page 173 and 174: Pollen storage is an efficient meth
Page 175 and 176: The definition in CBD which reflect
Page 177 and 178: 3.3 Variability within the species
Page 179 and 180: New Approaches to Evaluation of Gen
Page 181 and 182: References Dragavtsev, V.A., Utemis
Page 183 and 184: The tasks of vegetables genetic res
Page 185 and 186: Atriplex hortensis 1 Brassica campe
Page 187 and 188: 5. The collection some of Brassica
Page 189 and 190: The present economic situation in P
Page 191 and 192: enormous variety of forms, the evol
Page 193 and 194: For several years now the Botanical
Page 195 and 196: References: CELINSKI F., DENISIUK F
Page 197 and 198: Winter buds were used and analyzed
Page 199 and 200: Report of Working Groups: J. CHERFA
Page 201 and 202: Report of Working Group on: Complem
Page 203 and 204: Resolution (formulated by all parti
Page 205 and 206: Germany Dr. Karl HAMMER Head of Gen
Page 207 and 208: Tel:+(48)-22-552575 Fax:+(48)-22-55
Page 209 and 210: 06118 Halle Dr. Lothar FRESE German
show all

Integration of Conservation Strategies of Plant Genetic ... - Genres

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?