Integration of Conservation Strategies of Plant Genetic ... - Genres

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Conclusions The conservation of plant genetic resources makes sense both economically and ecologically. There should be a fully integrated strategies combining in situ conservation and ex situ preservation, with focus on the former. Governments should ensure that conservation of plant genetic resources forms an integral part of economic, social and environmental objectives at both national and local levels. Governments should develop national strategies for conservation of plant genetic diversity. Such strategies should be based on knowledge of national plant genetic resources, including their values to local communities and their values in wider regional and global contexts. A key requirement for in situ conservation is the identification and protection of key sites and the establishment of effective protection, which normally will involve the participation of local communities. Organisations holding ex situ plant genetic resources should establish equitable benefit sharing agreements with the countries and communities from which their holdings have originated. References Cunningham, A.B. (1993a). African medicinal plants. People and Plants (WWF/UNESCO/Kew) Working Paper no. 1. UNESCO, Paris. Cunningham, A.B. (1993b). Sustainability of harvesting Prunus africana bark in Cameroon. People and Plants (WWF/UNESCO/Kew) Working Paper no. 2. UNESCO, Paris. Cunningham, A.B. (1993c). Ethics, ethnobiological research and biodiversity. WWF International, Gland (Switzerland). Davis, S.D. & Heywood, V.H. (& MacBride, O.H. for vol. 3) (in preparation). Centres of plant diversity: a guide and strategy for their conservation. IUCN and WWF International, Gland (Switzerland). Hoyt, E. (1992). Conserving the wild relatives of crop plants. 2nd ed. IBPGR, IUCN and WWF. WWF, Gland (Switzerland). International Council for Bird Preservation (1992). Putting biodiversity on the map: priority areas for global conservation (by C.J. Bibby et al.). ICBP, Cambridge (UK). Lewington, A. (1993). Medicinal plants and plant extracts: a review of their importation into Europe. Traffic International, Cambridge (UK). Mooney, P.R. (1983). The law of the seed. Development Dialogue 12, 1-172. WRI (1992). Global biodiversity strategy: guidelines for action to save, study and use Earth's biotic wealth sustainably and equitable. WRI, IUCN, UNEP.
Ex situ and on farm conservation and the formal sector K. HAMMER 1 Introduction Whereas ex situ conservation is closely connected with the formal sector, it is not so easy to indicate linkages between on farm conservation and the formal sector. This is a field which has still to be developed. But there are strong indications that increasing cooperation is necessary to cope with the global problem of genetic erosion. Ex situ conservation and the formal sector Ex situ conservation is generally done by the formal sector using genebanks. This well known relation will be explained demonstrating the achievements of the Gatersleben genebank. Fifty years ago the Institute of Crop Plant Research was founded within the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Society (now: Max-Planck- Society) of Germany. An integral part of this institute has been from the beginning a collection of plant genetic resources (Hammer 1993b, Hammer and Begemann 1993, Hammer and Gäde 1993). Scientists in Germany have been early aware of the importance of genetic resources for plant breeding (e.g. von Proskowetz 1890, Schindler 1890, see also Lehmann 1990). In 1914 E. Baur published the key paper on "The importance of primitive landraces and wild progenitors of our crop plants for plant breeding" (Baur 1914). Baur was influential with respect to scientific thought in Germany. In the 20ies he himself was greatly influenced by the convincing new ideas and concepts of N.I. Vavilov. But only long ager his death in 1933 the above indicated institute was founded in 1943 with the included plant genetic resources collection definitely as a basis for plant breeding under the first director H. Stubbe (Stubbe 1982) in Vienna (Austria). During the war the institute was transferred to the Harz Mts. in the centre of Germany and just after the war it came to the nearby village Gatersleben where it is still located. The developing of material in this plant genetic resources collection, since the beginning of the 80ies called genebank, is shown in table 1. 1 Author's address: I nstitute of Plant Genetic and Crop Plant Research (I PK) Corrensstr. 3 06466 Gatersleben Germ any
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Integration of Conservation Strateg
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Table of Contents Pages Preface 1 K
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Preface When in autumn 1992 the Sci
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certainly be discussed intensively
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L. Dotlacil; Z. Stehno; M. Resatko
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F. Begemann 2.1.1 Agricultural and
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F. Begemann Table 2: Active members
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F. Begemann 1 Ahrensburg BAZ, Insti
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F. Begemann Table 4: Legal framewor
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F. Begemann Table 6: Objectives and
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F. Begemann Forsten, Angewandte Wis
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organization of actions developed s
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1.5; Contribution of NGO for collec
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- The vine collection including mor
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Plant genetic resources activities
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available at present, in order to i
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National Activities on Plant Geneti
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and the Netherlands for cooperative
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- Duplicate collection A duplicate
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Table 2. Regeneration of crops Crop
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germination bags and rest bags) are
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Conservation of Plant Genetic Resou
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- collection of genotypes endangere
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Fig. 1: Organizational framework of
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Fig. 2: Computerized documentation
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CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF PLA
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In situ conservation An important p
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Prospects of development of ex situ
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disciples, currently numbers about
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VOLUME OF VIR'S DATA BASES (for Sep
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Plant Genetic Resources Activities
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Tab. 2: Seed active collections Pla
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1.3 Botanic gardens Plant genetic r
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The Nordic Gene Bank S. BLIXT 1 Bac
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institute has agreed to maintain ge
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III. the species is endangered. B.
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Conservation of Plant Genetic Resou
Page 93 and 94: Since 1949 it has been the policy t
Page 95 and 96: eventually result in habitat fragme
Page 97 and 98: Ex situ genetic resources conservat
Page 99 and 100: Fig. 1: In-situ preservation areas
Page 101 and 102: Legal Framework-National Programme.
Page 103 and 104: European Cooperation on Plant Genet
Page 105 and 106: - Development of national programme
Page 107 and 108: Operation of the ECP/GR in Phase V
Page 109 and 110: The "informal sector" It is now wid
Page 111 and 112: Australian collecting mission has b
Page 113 and 114: Man and the Biosphere (MAB) A Globa
Page 115 and 116: 2.3 Transition Zone Core and buffer
Page 117 and 118: develop models for measures to impr
Page 119 and 120: Fig. 1: Map of the Biosphere Reserv
Page 121 and 122: 4.7 Middle Elbe The biosphere reser
Page 123 and 124: 7. Concluding remark Due to the lon
Page 125 and 126: Plants and Gardens in the UK. These
Page 127 and 128: to be unavailable elsewhere. The cl
Page 129 and 130: 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Potato
Page 131 and 132: is no duplication. Disputes would b
Page 133 and 134: 1ai In the event of germination dro
Page 135 and 136: Finally, all these methods of conse
Page 137 and 138: have historically been one of the f
Page 139 and 140: In situ conservation of plant genet
Page 141 and 142: eing mainly to local and regional u
Page 143: working with local people on conser
Page 147 and 148: Germany the Gatersleben institute w
Page 149 and 150: Ex sit u an d on f ar m con ser v a
Page 155 and 156: On farm conservation of fruit trees
Page 157 and 158: Little ancient villages, abandoned
Page 159 and 160: consisting of two plants for each v
Page 161 and 162: and fruit conservation. Local and r
Page 163 and 164: Integrated approaches to ex-situ an
Page 165 and 166: of direct importance to the institu
Page 167 and 168: of fruit trees still found in garde
Page 169 and 170: All participants signed three resol
Page 171 and 172: Ex situ: - plantations - seed orcha
Page 173 and 174: Pollen storage is an efficient meth
Page 175 and 176: The definition in CBD which reflect
Page 177 and 178: 3.3 Variability within the species
Page 179 and 180: New Approaches to Evaluation of Gen
Page 181 and 182: References Dragavtsev, V.A., Utemis
Page 183 and 184: The tasks of vegetables genetic res
Page 185 and 186: Atriplex hortensis 1 Brassica campe
Page 187 and 188: 5. The collection some of Brassica
Page 189 and 190: The present economic situation in P
Page 191 and 192: enormous variety of forms, the evol
Page 193 and 194: For several years now the Botanical
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References: CELINSKI F., DENISIUK F
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Winter buds were used and analyzed
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Report of Working Groups: J. CHERFA
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Report of Working Group on: Complem
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Resolution (formulated by all parti
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Germany Dr. Karl HAMMER Head of Gen
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Tel:+(48)-22-552575 Fax:+(48)-22-55
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06118 Halle Dr. Lothar FRESE German
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