Integration of Conservation Strategies of Plant Genetic ... - Genres
Integration of Conservation Strategies of Plant Genetic ... - Genres Integration of Conservation Strategies of Plant Genetic ... - Genres
Figure 1: Potatoes: Availability of Eating Potato Varieties Data show the area planted to each variety in Great Britain in 1993, based on figures supplied by the Potato Marketing Board. Others Rocket Others Maincrop Top Three; 49% Maris Piper Cara Record more appropriate varieties. This is partly an issue of consumer choice, partly one of food security, and it applies to almost every type of crop. National Lists First Earlies Top Three; 62% Maris Bard Pentland Javelin Others Marfona Second Earlies Top Three; 72% Estima The real problem is that there is a single set of rules that applies right across the European Union, saying which varieties may be sold as seed and young plants. Only those varieties registered on the Common Catalogue (which is a compilation of all existing National Lists) may legally be sold. That, in itself, is not a problem. Indeed, the existence of National Lists can be a good thing if it helps to prevent the proliferation of synonyms that has plagued the seed trade in the past. The problem is that the requirements for National listing -- DUS testing and the fees charged -- apply equally to all sizes of suppliers and purchasers. The regulations do not distinguish between the commercial grower who wants a high yield of uniform plants that can be mechanically harvested and packaged and the amateur or small grower who wants, for example, flavour and a long season of maturity. Wilja
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Potatoes: Number of Suppliers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Data from The Vegetable Finder 1994 Figure 2: (alternative) Potatoes - Availability of Seed Potato Varieties Each variety listed in The Vegetable Finder 1994 edition is plotted according to the number of suppliers it is available from. Most varieties are very hard to find, but those named in Figure 1 are all available from 5 or more suppliers. (NB: many of the varieties available from a single supplier are sold as eating potatoes, not seed, because of the cost of inspection.) The directives and national legislation that form the foundation of the National Lists and Common Catalogue are, therefor, the single biggest obstacle to the informal sector's desire to conserve plant genetic resources through utilisation. It is not far fetched to assume that if this structural barrier could be removed, there would be almost no need for NGO activity in this area as market mechanisms -- formal and informal -- would quickly take over. Two types of grower Recognising that there is in fact a distinction between amateur and commercial growers the British and French authorities have recently proposed a new EU registration scheme specifically aimed at gardeners. Unfortunately some governments do not accept the distinction. Without knowing the detailed basis for their objection it is hard to know what evidence might be adduced to combat it. However, a cursory examination of available statistics indicates that there are indeed at least two vegetable-growing constituencies.
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90<br />
80<br />
70<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
Potatoes: Number <strong>of</strong> Suppliers<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10<br />
Data from The Vegetable Finder 1994<br />
Figure 2: (alternative) Potatoes - Availability <strong>of</strong> Seed Potato Varieties<br />
Each variety listed in The Vegetable Finder 1994 edition is plotted according to the<br />
number <strong>of</strong> suppliers it is available from. Most varieties are very hard to find, but<br />
those named in Figure 1 are all available from 5 or more suppliers. (NB: many <strong>of</strong><br />
the varieties available from a single supplier are sold as eating potatoes, not seed,<br />
because <strong>of</strong> the cost <strong>of</strong> inspection.)<br />
The directives and national legislation that form the foundation <strong>of</strong> the National Lists and Common<br />
Catalogue are, therefor, the single biggest obstacle to the informal sector's desire to conserve<br />
plant genetic resources through utilisation. It is not far fetched to assume that if this structural<br />
barrier could be removed, there would be almost no need for NGO activity in this area as market<br />
mechanisms -- formal and informal -- would quickly take over.<br />
Two types <strong>of</strong> grower<br />
Recognising that there is in fact a distinction between amateur and commercial growers the British<br />
and French authorities have recently proposed a new EU registration scheme specifically aimed<br />
at gardeners. Unfortunately some governments do not accept the distinction. Without knowing<br />
the detailed basis for their objection it is hard to know what evidence might be adduced to combat<br />
it. However, a cursory examination <strong>of</strong> available statistics indicates that there are indeed at least<br />
two vegetable-growing constituencies.
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