Open Session - SWISS GEOSCIENCE MEETINGs

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Dakar, the use of untreated wastewater and manure bears considerable risks of microbial contamination for the environment and humans. REFERENCES Ndiaye, M.L., Gueye-Girardet, A. & Pfeifer, H.-R. (2006) : Impact des eaux usées sur l’évolution microbiologique des sols : étude de cas à Pikine Dakar-Sénégal. Agrosolutions 17, 33-38. Fig.1. Spatial distribution of E. coli (D: detected, ND : non detected) Fig.2. Spatial distribution of Salmonella spp 2 1 Symposium 11: Social Aspects of Water + Environmental Challenges of Border Regions
2 2 Symposium 11: Social Aspects of Water + Environmental Challenges of Border Regions 11. Recovery of lake Lugano (Switzerland-Italy): a differentiated strategy for a complex challenge Veronesi Mauro, Pera Sebastian, Simona Marco Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland Via Trevano / P.O. Box 72 6952 Canobbio-Lugano, Switzerland Lake Lugano is a deep, dendritic subalpine lake situated at the border between Switzerland and Italy. The basin is highly eutrophic as a result of the discharge into the lake of waste water from the urban centres in the watershed. The complex morphology and geology of its catchment required a differentiate recovery strategy: in the seventies the first waste water collectors and sewage treatment plants began to be constructed, with the result that there was a sharp drop in the phosphorus load conveyed to the lake. In 1976 sewage produced by the town of Lugano, naturally burdening the northern basin, were diverted to the treatment plant located in the southern basin nearer the outflow. In addition, new legislation was passed in Switzerland to reduce the polyphosphate content of domestic and industrial detergents (1986). All these interventions have halted the eutrophication and are slowly improving the condition of the lake. However, the complete recovery of the lake will depend to a large extent on the behaviour of the nutrient deposits which have been accumulating in the lake for around 50 years, both in the deep hypolimnion of the northern basin and the sediments. Two consecutive cold and windy winters in 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 erased the chemical stratification of the northern basin and led to two exceptionally strong mixing events: for the first time in decades convective mixing reached the bottom of the lake. The consequences of these events were that between 2004 and 2006 in northern basin deep water (layer 100 m–bottom) temperature has lessened by 0.5 °C, total phosphorous content decreased from 642 to 489 t P (-25%), while oxygen balance has become positive increasing by more than 14'000 t O 2 . Lake Lugano has now entered a new stage of its long way towards complete recovery. Figure 1: Lake Lugano (Switzerland-Italy), location of sampling sites
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3 8 INDEX Index A Abbühl L. 156, 1
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3 0 INDEX I Ibele T. 30, 46 Iberg A
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3 2 INDEX Stampfli G.M. 7, 48, 346
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Open Session - SWISS GEOSCIENCE MEETINGs

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