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Plate 1. 1-4, lower Eocene larger benthic Foraminifera, inland outcrop (DB07-010b, Rio Pavo) Hoya Seamount Unit, Azuero, Panama.Scale bar = 1 mm.1. Discocyclina barkeri, 2. Pseudophragmina sp., 3. Euconoloides sp. cf. E. wellsi and Amphistegina undecima., 4. Amphistegina undecima. 5-6, middle Eocene, debris flow matrix, Covachon beach (POB06-20). 5. Discocyclina sp., scale as for 1-4, 6. Lepidocyclina polylepidina. 7-8, lower-middle Eocene forms from calcarenite (DB07-037b, Rio Horcones) interlava, Punta Blanca Seamount, S-Azuero. 7. Pseudophragmina anco- ensis, 8. Orthophragmina sp. 9. Lepidocyclina sp. and Operculinoides sp. (POB06-022 W of Punta Blanca). Middle-Upper Eocene shallow water li- mestone at base of Tonosi overlap sequence. 10-13, Oligocene, shallow water lmestones associated with the base of Tonosi forearc sequence, central Azuero. 10. Nummulites panamensis and Discocyclina sp. (AL026, Rio Guerita), 11. Nummulites dia (AL026, Rio Guerita), 12. Lepidocyclina tournoueri and 13. Lepidocyclina undosa (both AL031, Rio Guerra). 11 Symposium 3: Palaeontology
118 Symposium 3: Palaeontology 3.3 The Late Pleistocene mammalian fauna from Ajoie (Northwestern Switzerland): stratigraphy, taphonomy, palaeoecology Becker Damien*,Scherler Laureline*,**,Tütken Thomas***,Aubry Denis* & Detrey Jean* *Section d'archéologie et paléontologie, Hôtel des Halles, CP64, CH-2900 Porrentruy (damien.becker@palaeojura.ch) **Department of Geosciences, Institute of Geology, ch. du Musée 6, Pérolles, CH-1700 Fribourg ***Steinmann Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Paläontologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Poppelsdorfer Schloss, D-53115 Bonn The karstic relief of the Ajoie Plateau is formed by many dolines. These dolines functioned as natural traps for skeletal remains of mammoth, woolly rhinoceros and other large terrestrial mammal during the last glaciation. Often the dolines yield a fossil assemblage of the latest Middle Pleniglacial (ca. 30 to 40–45 ka BP) embedded in a loessic matrix (see fig. 1). Most of the fossil remains have been transported by biological (predation, scavenging) and/or physical (solifluction, gelifluction, withdrawing) processes resulting in sorting, abrasion, weathering and concentration of the bones and teeth. The fossil mammal assemblages are dominated by grazing mega- (>1000 kg) and large herbivores (>100 kg) as well as fossorial rodents. In contrast, forest-dwelling species are only a minor component and intermediate-sized mammals seem to lack in these faunal assemblages. Rare lithic artefacts associated with the mammal fossils support at least an occasional presence of humans, but no long time settlements or hunting. Based essentially on palaeoecological analyses of the mammal community (e.g., biodiversity, cenograms, ecological histograms) the palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the Ajoie during the time interval 30 to 40–45 ka BP should correspond to a humid relatively open landscape partially covered by a bush, shrub and forest vegetation. The preliminary results of phosphate oxygen isotope analyses of mammoth tooth enamel (mean δ 18 O PO4 =14.1±1.5‰, n = 14) about 2.5‰ higher than those of mammoth teeth from the 45 ka BP old Niederwenigen site, near Zurich (Tütken et al., 2007) and indicate the ingestion of drinking water with similar δ 18 O values as for modern precipitation in Swiss lowland areas. Thus the mammoths probably lived in the Ajoie during an interstadial phase of the latest Middle Pleniglacial (either the Hengelo, Huneborg or Denekamp). REFERENCES Aubry, D., Guélat, M., Detrey, J. & Othenin-Girard, B. 2000: Dernier cycle glaciaire et occupations paléolithiques à Alle, Noir Bois (Jura, Suisse). Cahier d’archéologie jurassienne, 10, Office de la culture et Société jurassienne d’Émulation, Porrentruy, 175 pp. Braillard, L. 2006: Morphogenèse des vallées sèches du Jura tabulaire d’Ajoie (Suisse) : rôle de la fracturation et étude des remplissages quaternaires. PhD Thesis, University of Fribourg, Geofocus, 14, 224 pp. Guélat, M. 2006: Le Quaternaire dans le canton du Jura. Actes de la Société jurassienne d'Emulation 2005, 9-31. Tütken, T., Furrer, H. & Vennemann, T.W. 2007: Stable isotope compositions of mammoth teeth from Niederweningen, Switzerland: Implications for the Late Pleistocene climate, environment and diet.Quaternary International 164-165, 139- 150. Vliet-Lanoë van, B. & Guillocheau, F. 1995: Évolution de l’enregistrement pédosédimentaire depuis 150 ka en France du NO et en Belgique: biorhexistasie et bilans sédimentaires. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, 320, 419-426.
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3 2 INDEX Stampfli G.M. 7, 48, 346
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