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not varied much outside of 15-25% since ridge deposition. Therefore, all sample ages shown in Table 4.6 were calculated using an assumed water content of 20±5%. OSL ages were also calculated using an assumed moisture content of 5±2% to determine the sensitivity of the age calculations to water content (Table 4.7). Water content variation represents approximately 3- 12% of the calculated sample ages. Mean progradation rates for the island and their associated sea level status were determined based on the dated sites. Table 4.8 shows the calculated rates and sea level status. The calculated rates were then plotted against age and superimposed on the northern Gulf of Mexico sea level curve of Balsillie and Donoghue (2004) (Figure 4.42). The progradation rate of the beach ridge plain has varied over the island’s 4000+year history. The distances between the dated sites were determined using one of two methods. For dated sites that were located along the same transect, a straight-line distance was measured. For those dated sites that were not on the same transect, an orthogonal distance was measured based on the measured straight line distance between the sites and angular difference between the straight line drawn between the sites and the angle of strike of the ridges at the sites. The distances were then used to calculate the progradation rates. Two of the sites (SVI 003 and SVI 004) had identical ages. To determine the progradation rate between these two sites, the analytical error of +/-300 years between was used to represent the estimated maximum time interval between the two dated ridges. The error associated with each calculated rate is based on the OSL age errors shown in Table 4.6. The errors associated with the horizontal position of each site are on the order of 1-4 cm. These errors are negligible and were not taken into account in the progradation rate calculations. Mean progradation rates ranged from 0.7±0.3 to 4.3±3.0 m/yr. The distance of 2,550 m between sites SVI 015 and SVI002 equates to a progradation rate of 4.3±3.0 m/yr. There is a distance of 682 m between sites SVI 002 and SVI 003, which equates to a progradation rate of 0.7±0.3 m/yr. The spacing between sites SVI 003 and SVI 004 is 779 m, which provides a rate of progradation of 2.6±0 m/yr. There is 1,350 m between SVI 004 and SVI 023, which works out to a rate of 1.0±0.2 m/yr. Between sites SVI 024 and SVI 025 there is a distance of 816 m, which equates to a progradation rate of 2.0±0.5 m/yr. There is a distance of 775 m between the two southernmost dated sites, which represents a progradation rate of 1.9±0.5 m/yr. The lowest rate of progradation was between 3,500 and 2,500 years ago and the highest rate was between 69
4,100 and 3,500 years ago. The correlation between progradation rates and sea-level change will be discussed in detail in Chapter 5. Based on the topographic survey, GPR survey and the OSL dates, an attempt was made to relate the beach ridges to paleosealevel positions. Table 4.9 summarizes the results. The GPR profile was inspected for locations showing the base of the shoreface. For the identified sites an age was estimated based on their location relative to the dated ridges. For each location, the elevation of the ridge crest and the elevation of the road were determined from the topographic survey. The estimated paleosealevel positions do not agree with the with sea level positions shown on the Balsillie and Donoghue (2004) sea level curve. Although the directions of sea level change are not in agreement, the magnitudes are within 0.5 m to 1.0 m. These estimates are based on a limited amount of data and interpolated ages. 70
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THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEG
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
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4. RESULTS Laboratory Analyses ....
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LIST OF FIGURES 1.1 Location map of
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preheating is carried out on a heat
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4.17 Site SVI 023. a) Trench. b) Sa
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4.38 Location relative to the Apala
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A.37 Granplot analysis of sample 05
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A.83 Granplot analysis of sample 05
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ABSTRACT The goal of this investiga
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4) To further develop Optically Sti
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the rate of erosion or deposition a
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esult of the buildup of offshore ba
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Recent studies of barriers using Gr
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and, therefore, sea level) (Dorsey,
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Holocene Sea Level Over 900 Holocen
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first is that sea level rose steadi
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Figure 1.2. Beach ridge sets on St.
Page 37 and 38: -100 Figure 1.4. Pleistocene glacia
Page 39 and 40: Figure 1.6. The Apalachicola River
Page 41 and 42: Figure 1.8. Global sea-level histor
Page 43 and 44: K and L have crest elevations of ap
Page 45 and 46: Geoarchaeology The earliest inhabit
Page 47 and 48: Oyster Pond Figure 2.1. Infrared or
Page 49 and 50: Figure 2.3. St. Vincent Island shor
Page 51 and 52: Pickalene Middens Paradise Point Si
Page 53 and 54: At each vibracore or trench locatio
Page 55 and 56: luminescence signal equivalent to t
Page 57 and 58: Application of OSL to Coastal Studi
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Page 61 and 62: Topographic Surveying Topographic s
Page 63 and 64: time elapsed between when this ener
Page 65 and 66: a) b) Figure 3.1. a) Collecting a v
Page 67 and 68: Increasing energy T CONDUCTION BAND
Page 69 and 70: Figure 3.5. Sample removed from lar
Page 71 and 72: Figure 3.7. Location of samples col
Page 73 and 74: Figure 3.9. Basis of airborne LIDAR
Page 75 and 76: Sample Sites CHAPTER 4 RESULTS A to
Page 77 and 78: SVI005 This site is located just we
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Page 81 and 82: SVI025 This site is located within
Page 83 and 84: m and 3.7 m respectively. A cross s
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Page 91 and 92: Table 4.1 Continued Site Samples Be
Page 93 and 94: Table 4.3. Measured elevations of S
Page 95 and 96: Table 4.5. Application of Tanner’
Page 97 and 98: Table 4.7. OSL age calculations usi
Page 99 and 100: Table 4.9. Paleosealevel position e
Page 101 and 102: Figure 4.2. Example of a trench thr
Page 103 and 104: Figure 4.5. Site SVI 003. Trench ex
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Page 107 and 108: a) b) 050505-04C 050505-04A Figure
Page 109 and 110: Figure 4.13. Site SVI 015. Vibracor
Page 111 and 112: a) b) 011006-15 011006-16 Figure 4.
Page 113 and 114: a) b) 011106-08 011106-07 011106-10
Page 115 and 116: Figure 4.21. Dutch gouge-auger core
Page 117 and 118: Figure 4.23. Line A-A’ represents
Page 119 and 120: Elevation (m) NAVD 88 5.00 4.50 4.0
Page 121 and 122: 1200 +/- 100 yr 102 Figure 4.27. GP
Page 123 and 124: 0.65 Set C 0.6 0.55 0.5 Set A 0.45
Page 125 and 126: 6 Set B Set C Set E 5 Set A Set F S
Page 127 and 128: 0.7 Set C 0.6 Set A 0.5 Set E Set F
Page 129 and 130: ENVIRONMENTS OF DEPOSITION -- SKEWN
Page 131 and 132: mean grain size (phi) 3 2.5 2 1.5 1
Page 133 and 134: SVI 015 SVI 002 SVI 003 114 SVI 004
Page 135 and 136: CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION The beach ridg
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Skewness can be used to identify th
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island. Another is a C-14 date of 2
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sea level. It was at this point tha
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The fourth hypothesis was that sea-
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APPENDIX A INDIVIDUAL SIEVE ANALYSI
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Berger, G., 1988, Dating quaternary
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Douglas, B., Kearney, M. and Leathe
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Jol, H.M., Peterson, C.D., Vanderbu
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Northwest Florida Water Management
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Stapor, F.W. and Tanner, W.F., 1977
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Beth Margaret F
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