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LIST OF TABLES 3.1 Location of benchmarks on St. Vincent Island..................................................................45 4.1 Summary of beach ridge sediment sample data.................................................................71 4.2 Summary of beach ridge set characteristics.......................................................................73 4.3 Measured elevations of St. Vincent Island benchmarks ....................................................74 4.4 Summary of granulometry data .........................................................................................75 4.5 Application of Tanner’s (1986, 1991) method of SELF (settling- eolian-littoral-fluvial) determination to the St. Vincent Island samples..................................76 4.6 OSL age calculations .........................................................................................................77 4.7 OSL age calculations using assumed moisture contents of 20±5% and 5±2%…………..78 4.8 Calculated progradation rates and ridge growth rates, based on OSL ages and distances between ridges. .................................................................................79 4.9 Paleosealevel position estimates........................................................................................80 vi
LIST OF FIGURES 1.1 Location map of St. Vincent Island on the northeastern Gulf of Mexico coast, Florida, southeastern U.S.A. Inset map shows the chain of barrier islands and spits of which St. Vincent is a part........................................................................15 1.2 Beach ridge sets on St. Vincent Island. See Figure 1.1 for location (Source: Stapor, 1973) .............................................................................................................16 1.3 The Florida Platform. The edge of the platform is marked by the west Florida shelf and slope, which drop into the deep Gulf of Mexico. Note that Florida occupies approximately half of the carbonate platform. (Source: USGS, 2001) .............................................................................................................17 1.4 Pleistocene glacial advances and retreats, as recorded in benthic oxygen isotope records. The record shows the predicted sea level (solid 18 line) and mean ocean O (dashed line), derived from ice volume histories. (Source: Raymo et al., 2006)...................................................................................18 1.5 Composite sea level curves for the northern Gulf of Mexico. The solid line adapted from Balsillie and Donoghue (2004) is a comprehensive compilation of radiocarbon dated sea-level indicators for the northern Gulf of Mexico. The dashed curve is the global “eustatic” sea-level history from Red Sea benthic foraminifera data of Siddall et al (2003). .............................................19 1.6 The Apalachicola River drainage basin, northwest Florida. The boundaries of the basin are shown by the solid black line. (Source: Northwest Water Management District, 1996). St. Vincent Island is located in the lower left center of the map...............................................................................20 1.7 Model of beach ridge formation. (Source: Tanner, 1989) .................................................21 1.8 Global sea-level history from 400,000 years to present, based on dated shoreline indicators from Barbados and New Guinea (symbols) and oxygen isotope data from marine sediments (solid line). (Source: Lea et al, 2002) ........................................................................................................................................22 2.1 Infrared orthophoto of St. Vincent Island showing the beach ridge plain that covers the surface of the island (USGS imagery). Location is shown in Figure 1.1..................................................................................................................28 2.2 Sediment transport rates in the Apalachicola barrier island chain. The arrows indicate the direction of transport and the numbers represent the volume (in 10 3 m 3 /yr) of material deposited and eroded. (Source: Stapor, 1973) ........................................................................................................................................29 vii
Page 1 and 2: THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEG
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
Page 5: 4. RESULTS Laboratory Analyses ....
Page 9 and 10: preheating is carried out on a heat
Page 11 and 12: 4.17 Site SVI 023. a) Trench. b) Sa
Page 13 and 14: 4.38 Location relative to the Apala
Page 15 and 16: A.37 Granplot analysis of sample 05
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Page 19 and 20: ABSTRACT The goal of this investiga
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Page 27 and 28: Recent studies of barriers using Gr
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Page 31 and 32: Holocene Sea Level Over 900 Holocen
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Page 37 and 38: -100 Figure 1.4. Pleistocene glacia
Page 39 and 40: Figure 1.6. The Apalachicola River
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Page 45 and 46: Geoarchaeology The earliest inhabit
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Application of OSL to Coastal Studi
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atio between the first and the fift
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Topographic Surveying Topographic s
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time elapsed between when this ener
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a) b) Figure 3.1. a) Collecting a v
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Increasing energy T CONDUCTION BAND
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Figure 3.5. Sample removed from lar
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Figure 3.7. Location of samples col
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Figure 3.9. Basis of airborne LIDAR
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Sample Sites CHAPTER 4 RESULTS A to
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SVI005 This site is located just we
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collapsed the trench. Therefore, a
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SVI025 This site is located within
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m and 3.7 m respectively. A cross s
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Vincent Island has changed little o
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(sorting). Standard deviation decre
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4,100 and 3,500 years ago. The corr
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Table 4.1 Continued Site Samples Be
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Table 4.3. Measured elevations of S
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Table 4.5. Application of Tanner’
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Table 4.7. OSL age calculations usi
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Table 4.9. Paleosealevel position e
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Figure 4.2. Example of a trench thr
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Figure 4.5. Site SVI 003. Trench ex
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a) b) 050505-01E 050505-01K 050505-
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a) b) 050505-04C 050505-04A Figure
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Figure 4.13. Site SVI 015. Vibracor
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a) b) 011006-15 011006-16 Figure 4.
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a) b) 011106-08 011106-07 011106-10
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Figure 4.21. Dutch gouge-auger core
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Figure 4.23. Line A-A’ represents
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Elevation (m) NAVD 88 5.00 4.50 4.0
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1200 +/- 100 yr 102 Figure 4.27. GP
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0.65 Set C 0.6 0.55 0.5 Set A 0.45
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6 Set B Set C Set E 5 Set A Set F S
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0.7 Set C 0.6 Set A 0.5 Set E Set F
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ENVIRONMENTS OF DEPOSITION -- SKEWN
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mean grain size (phi) 3 2.5 2 1.5 1
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SVI 015 SVI 002 SVI 003 114 SVI 004
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CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION The beach ridg
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vibracore or trench, both of which
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Skewness can be used to identify th
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island. Another is a C-14 date of 2
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sea level. It was at this point tha
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The fourth hypothesis was that sea-
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APPENDIX A INDIVIDUAL SIEVE ANALYSI
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Berger, G., 1988, Dating quaternary
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Douglas, B., Kearney, M. and Leathe
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Jol, H.M., Peterson, C.D., Vanderbu
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Northwest Florida Water Management
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Stapor, F.W. and Tanner, W.F., 1977
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Beth Margaret F
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