Sabins, F.F., 1997, Remote Sensing Principles <strong>and</strong> Interpretation: New York, W.H. Freeman <strong>and</strong> Company, p.184. Sallenger, A.H., Krabill, W.B., Swift, R.N., Brock, J., List, J., Hansen, M., Holman, R.A., Manizade, S., Sontag, J., Meredith, A., Morgan, K., Yunkel, J.K., Frederick, E.B. <strong>and</strong> Stockdon, H., 2003, Evaluation <strong>of</strong> airborne topographic lidar for quantifying beach changes: Journal <strong>of</strong> Coastal Research, v.19, no.1, p.125-133. Schnable, J.E., 1966, The <strong>evolution</strong> <strong>and</strong> development <strong>of</strong> part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> northwest Florida coast; unpublished PhD dissertation. Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 244 p. Schnable, J. E., <strong>and</strong> Goodell, H. G., 1968, Pleistocene-recent stratigraphy, <strong>evolution</strong> <strong>and</strong> development <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Apalachicola coast, Florida: Geological Society <strong>of</strong> America Special Paper No.112: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society <strong>of</strong> America, p. 1-72. Scholl, D.W., 1969, Florida submergence curve revised: Its relation to coastal sedimentation rates: Science, v.163, p.62-564. Schwartz, M.L., 1971, The multiple causality <strong>of</strong> barrier isl<strong>and</strong>s: Journal <strong>of</strong> Geology, v.79, p.91- 94. Shepard, F.P., 1950, Beach cycles in sou<strong>the</strong>rn California: Technical memo. 20, Beach Erosion Board, U.S. Army Corps <strong>of</strong> Engineers. Shepard, F.P., 1963, Thirty-five thous<strong>and</strong> years <strong>of</strong> sea level: In: Essays in Marine Geology in Honor <strong>of</strong> K.O. Emery. University <strong>of</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>rn California Press, Los Angeles, p.1-10. Shepard, F.P., 1964, Sea level changes in <strong>the</strong> past 6000 years, possible archaeological significance: Science, v.143, p.574-576. Siddall, M., Rohling, E.J., Almogi-Labin, A., Hemleben, C., Meischner, D., Schmetzer, I. <strong>and</strong> Smeed, D.A., 2003, Sea-level fluctuations during <strong>the</strong> last glacial cycle: Nature, v.423, p.853-858. Smith, B.W., Aitken, M.J., Rhodes, E.J., Robinson, P.D. <strong>and</strong> Geldard, D.M., 1986, Optical dating: methodological aspects: Radiation Protection Dosimetry, v.17, p.229-233. Socci, A. <strong>and</strong> Tanner, W.F., 1980, Little known but important papers on grain-size analysis: Sedimentology, v.27, p.231-232. Stapor, F., 1973, Coastal s<strong>and</strong> budgets <strong>and</strong> Holocene beach ridge development, northwest Florida: unpubl. Ph.D. dissertation. Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 221 p. Stapor, F., 1975, Holocene beach ridge plain development, northwest Florida: Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, v. Supp. Bd. 22, p.116-144. 265
Stapor, F.W. <strong>and</strong> Tanner, W.F., 1977, Late Holocene mean sea level data from St. Vincent Isl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> shape <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> late Holocene mean sea level curve, in Proceedings, Coastal Sedimentology Symposium, Florida State University, Department <strong>of</strong> Geology, p. 35-68. Stapor, F.W., Ma<strong>the</strong>ws, T.D. <strong>and</strong> Lindfors-Kearns, F.E., 1991, Barrier isl<strong>and</strong> progradation <strong>and</strong> Holocene sea level history in southwest Florida: Journal <strong>of</strong> Coastal Research, v.7, no.3, p.815- 838. Stewart, R.A. <strong>and</strong> Gorsline, D.S., 1962, Recent sedimentary history <strong>of</strong> St. Joseph Bay, Florida: Sedimentology, v.1, p.256-286. Stuiver, M., Braziunas, T.F., Becker, B. <strong>and</strong> Kromer, B., 1991, Climatic, solar, oceanic <strong>and</strong> geomagnetic influences on late-glacial <strong>and</strong> Holocene atmospheric 14 C / 12 C change: Quaternary Research, v.35, p.1-24. Tanner, W.F., 1964, Nearly ideal drift system along <strong>the</strong> Florida Panh<strong>and</strong>le coast: Zeitscrift fur Geomorphologie Neue Folge, v.8, p.334-342. Tanner, W.F., 1986, Inherited <strong>and</strong> mixed traits in <strong>the</strong> grain size distribution: in W.F. Tanner (ed), Modern Coastal Sediments <strong>and</strong> Processes, Proceedings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 9 th Symposium on Coastal Sedimentology, Tallahassee, FL: Department <strong>of</strong> Geology, Florida State University, p.41-50. Tanner, W.F., 1987, The Beach: Where is <strong>the</strong> river <strong>of</strong> s<strong>and</strong>?: Journal <strong>of</strong> Coastal Research, v.3, p.377-386. Tanner, W.F., 1988, Beach ridge data <strong>and</strong> sea level history from <strong>the</strong> Americas: Journal <strong>of</strong> Coastal Research, v. 4, no. 1, p.81-91. Tanner, W. F., Demirpolat, S., Stapor, F., <strong>and</strong> Alvarez, L., 1989, The "Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico" late Holocene sea level curve: Transactions- Gulf Coast Association <strong>of</strong> Geological Societies, v. 39, p. 553-562. Tanner, W.F., 1990, The relationship between kurtosis <strong>and</strong> wave energy, in Proceedings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ninth Symposium on Coastal Sedimentology Modern Coastal Sediments <strong>and</strong> Processes, Ed. W.F. Tanner, p.41-49. Tanner, W.F., 1991, Suite Statistics: The hydrodynamic <strong>evolution</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sediment pool: in J.P.M. Syvitski (ed), Principals <strong>and</strong> Application <strong>of</strong> Particle Size Analysis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p.225-236. Tanner, W.F., 1992, Late Holocene sea level changes from grain-size data: Evidence from <strong>the</strong> Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico: Holocene, v.2, p.249-254. Tanner, W.F., 1993, An 8,000-year record <strong>of</strong> sea-level change from grain-size parameters: data from beach ridges in Denmark: The Holocene, v.3, p.220-231. 266
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THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEG
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
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4. RESULTS Laboratory Analyses ....
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LIST OF FIGURES 1.1 Location map of
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preheating is carried out on a heat
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4.17 Site SVI 023. a) Trench. b) Sa
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4.38 Location relative to the Apala
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A.37 Granplot analysis of sample 05
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A.83 Granplot analysis of sample 05
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ABSTRACT The goal of this investiga
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4) To further develop Optically Sti
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the rate of erosion or deposition a
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esult of the buildup of offshore ba
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Recent studies of barriers using Gr
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and, therefore, sea level) (Dorsey,
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Holocene Sea Level Over 900 Holocen
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first is that sea level rose steadi
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Figure 1.2. Beach ridge sets on St.
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-100 Figure 1.4. Pleistocene glacia
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Figure 1.6. The Apalachicola River
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Figure 1.8. Global sea-level histor
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K and L have crest elevations of ap
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Geoarchaeology The earliest inhabit
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Oyster Pond Figure 2.1. Infrared or
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Figure 2.3. St. Vincent Island shor
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Pickalene Middens Paradise Point Si
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At each vibracore or trench locatio
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luminescence signal equivalent to t
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Application of OSL to Coastal Studi
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atio between the first and the fift
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Topographic Surveying Topographic s
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time elapsed between when this ener
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a) b) Figure 3.1. a) Collecting a v
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Increasing energy T CONDUCTION BAND
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Figure 3.5. Sample removed from lar
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Figure 3.7. Location of samples col
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Figure 3.9. Basis of airborne LIDAR
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Sample Sites CHAPTER 4 RESULTS A to
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SVI005 This site is located just we
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collapsed the trench. Therefore, a
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SVI025 This site is located within
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m and 3.7 m respectively. A cross s
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Vincent Island has changed little o
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(sorting). Standard deviation decre
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4,100 and 3,500 years ago. The corr
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Table 4.1 Continued Site Samples Be
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Table 4.3. Measured elevations of S
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Table 4.5. Application of Tanner’
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Table 4.7. OSL age calculations usi
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Table 4.9. Paleosealevel position e
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Figure 4.2. Example of a trench thr
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Figure 4.5. Site SVI 003. Trench ex
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a) b) 050505-01E 050505-01K 050505-
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a) b) 050505-04C 050505-04A Figure
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Figure 4.13. Site SVI 015. Vibracor
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a) b) 011006-15 011006-16 Figure 4.
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a) b) 011106-08 011106-07 011106-10
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Figure 4.21. Dutch gouge-auger core
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Figure 4.23. Line A-A’ represents
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Elevation (m) NAVD 88 5.00 4.50 4.0
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1200 +/- 100 yr 102 Figure 4.27. GP
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0.65 Set C 0.6 0.55 0.5 Set A 0.45
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6 Set B Set C Set E 5 Set A Set F S
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0.7 Set C 0.6 Set A 0.5 Set E Set F
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ENVIRONMENTS OF DEPOSITION -- SKEWN
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mean grain size (phi) 3 2.5 2 1.5 1
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SVI 015 SVI 002 SVI 003 114 SVI 004
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CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION The beach ridg
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vibracore or trench, both of which
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Skewness can be used to identify th
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island. Another is a C-14 date of 2
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sea level. It was at this point tha
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The fourth hypothesis was that sea-
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APPENDIX A INDIVIDUAL SIEVE ANALYSI
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