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6 4 2 Sea Level (m) 0 -2 -4 -6 1.9 4.3 0.7 2.6 1.0 2.0 ? -8 Progradation Rates (m/yr) -10 Gulf of Mexico Younger Data Set 115 -12 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 cal yr BP Figure 4.42. St. Vincent Island progradation rates. The red solid line adapted from Balsillie and Donoghue (2004) is a comprehensive compilation of radiocarbon dated sea-level indicators for the northern Gulf of Mexico. The numerical values represent the rates of progradation of the St. Vincent Island beach ridge plain based on the OSL dated sites on the island. The blue arrows represent the OSL dates obtained during the investigation.
CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION The beach ridges making up the St.Vincent Island beach ridge plain have been investigated using a variety of techniques. The surface and subsurface morphology of the beach ridge plain was studied by using GPR and high-precision topographic surveys. Borehole records from previous studies were accessed to gain additional subsurface information. The granulometric characteristics of the beach ridge plain were quantified based on the analysis of samples that were collected by vibracoring and trenching. The sediment analyses involved determining the grain size characteristics of each sample by sieving and using the GRANPLOTS sediment statistical program (Balsillie et al., 2002) and by employing a series of probability plots developed by Tanner (1986, 1991). Selected beach ridge sediment samples were dated using OSL techniques. These several techniques can be synthesized in order to reconstruct the depositional history of the island. Additionally, a comparison of the island’s growth history with the northern Gulf of Mexico sea-level history enables a better understanding of the relationship between sea-level change and barrier evolution, as will be discussed below. Surface and Subsurface Morphology of the Beach Ridge Plain GPR has proven to be a useful tool for analyzing the internal structure of the St. Vincent Island strandplain. Previous studies conducted on the island have provided estimates of the depth of the pre-barrier surface beneath the island (Figures 4.21 and 4.22). This boundary is a sharp contact between brightly colored (yellow and orange mottled) Pleistocene sand and overlying dark gray Holocene muddy sand (Figure 4.21). Oxidation, the process that has given the Pleistocene sands their orange color, tends to occur above the water table where atmospheric oxygen is readily available (Ritter, 1986). The Pleistocene period was a time of widespread glaciation. With water locked up in the ice sheets, the climate was drier than present. Sea level, as the Wisconsinan glaciers began to retreat, was much lower than present (Figure 1.5, lower sea-level curve). Towards the end of the final Pleistocene ice advance, about 20,000 years ago, sea level began to fluctuate and rise (Figure 1.5). By the mid-Holocene, the northern hemisphere 116
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THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEG
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
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4. RESULTS Laboratory Analyses ....
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LIST OF FIGURES 1.1 Location map of
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preheating is carried out on a heat
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4.17 Site SVI 023. a) Trench. b) Sa
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4.38 Location relative to the Apala
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A.37 Granplot analysis of sample 05
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A.83 Granplot analysis of sample 05
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ABSTRACT The goal of this investiga
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4) To further develop Optically Sti
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the rate of erosion or deposition a
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esult of the buildup of offshore ba
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Recent studies of barriers using Gr
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and, therefore, sea level) (Dorsey,
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Holocene Sea Level Over 900 Holocen
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first is that sea level rose steadi
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Figure 1.2. Beach ridge sets on St.
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-100 Figure 1.4. Pleistocene glacia
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Figure 1.6. The Apalachicola River
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Figure 1.8. Global sea-level histor
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K and L have crest elevations of ap
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Geoarchaeology The earliest inhabit
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Oyster Pond Figure 2.1. Infrared or
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Figure 2.3. St. Vincent Island shor
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Pickalene Middens Paradise Point Si
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At each vibracore or trench locatio
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luminescence signal equivalent to t
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Application of OSL to Coastal Studi
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atio between the first and the fift
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Topographic Surveying Topographic s
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time elapsed between when this ener
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a) b) Figure 3.1. a) Collecting a v
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Increasing energy T CONDUCTION BAND
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Figure 3.5. Sample removed from lar
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Figure 3.7. Location of samples col
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Figure 3.9. Basis of airborne LIDAR
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Sample Sites CHAPTER 4 RESULTS A to
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SVI005 This site is located just we
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collapsed the trench. Therefore, a
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SVI025 This site is located within
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Page 91 and 92: Table 4.1 Continued Site Samples Be
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Page 103 and 104: Figure 4.5. Site SVI 003. Trench ex
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Page 115 and 116: Figure 4.21. Dutch gouge-auger core
Page 117 and 118: Figure 4.23. Line A-A’ represents
Page 119 and 120: Elevation (m) NAVD 88 5.00 4.50 4.0
Page 121 and 122: 1200 +/- 100 yr 102 Figure 4.27. GP
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Page 129 and 130: ENVIRONMENTS OF DEPOSITION -- SKEWN
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Page 133: SVI 015 SVI 002 SVI 003 114 SVI 004
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Page 147 and 148: APPENDIX A INDIVIDUAL SIEVE ANALYSI
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Berger, G., 1988, Dating quaternary
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Douglas, B., Kearney, M. and Leathe
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Jol, H.M., Peterson, C.D., Vanderbu
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Northwest Florida Water Management
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Stapor, F.W. and Tanner, W.F., 1977
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Beth Margaret F
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