Untitled - Smithsonian Institution
Untitled - Smithsonian Institution
Untitled - Smithsonian Institution
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m-BRECHTs] THE SWIMMER MANUSCRIPT 149<br />
Conjuration.—This is the term I use to indicate those formulas in<br />
which a power, not necessarily felt as superior, is appealed to in a<br />
commanding, coercive, often even in a threatening, insulting tone;<br />
the object is to bring about materially beneficial results. There is<br />
an absolute certainty that our desire will materialize, if only the formula<br />
is recited and the ceremony performed without a flaw.<br />
Incantation.—As usual in the course of this paper I define incanta-<br />
tion as the recitation of a formula with a view to harm a person in<br />
his material belongings, in his health, or in his life.<br />
I am quite well aware that "incantation" as generally used in<br />
English has not this exclusive meaning, and veiy often also covers<br />
the two other groups discussed, as indeed, etymologically, it has a<br />
right to do. But anybody who has given the subject close attention<br />
will agree that the terminology is very confusing and most inadequate.<br />
Incantation, exorcism, spell, charm, prayer, magic or sacred formida,<br />
nursery rhymes, etc., are words that often aU stand for one thing, but<br />
when one particular kind of formula has to be referred to one is at a<br />
loss to know which term of the collection to use, and be sure to be<br />
understood.<br />
The terminology as here used is adopted in German and Netherlandish<br />
as Prayer (Gm. Segen; Neth. Zegen); Conjuration (Gm.<br />
Beschworungsformel; Neth. Bezweringsformule); Incantation (Gm.<br />
Zauberspruch ; Neth. Tooverspreuk).<br />
PRAYERS<br />
For Protection<br />
a*'DaDutlso°"sti uGQ-'wuth'<br />
for tying oneself up for the purpose<br />
This kind of formulas, to which belong also many songs, are of a<br />
prophylactic nature. They are protection prayers, which are known<br />
in German foUdore as "Segen."<br />
They are recited, either by a priest on behalf of a patron, or by<br />
any one who happens to know them on behalf of himself, and are<br />
supposed to ward off evil, such as iUness, ill will, witchcraft, etc.<br />
They are sung or recited especially before setting out on a journey,<br />
or when about to meet a group of people, and there is no doubt but<br />
the ferocious songs of "Ostenaco," both when setting out upon his<br />
journey and when arriving in the port of London, mentioned by<br />
Lieutenant Timberlake, were just this kind of protection songs. To<br />
quote Timberlake: "When we had got about 200 yards from the<br />
town house . . . Ostenaco sung the war song, in which was a prayer<br />
for our safety through the intended journey; this he bellowed out loud<br />
enough to be heard at a mile's distance." (Timberlake, p. 98.)<br />
And when arriving: "While in the boat that took us to shore<br />
Ostenaco, painted in a veiy frightful manner, sung a solemn dirge