Untitled - Smithsonian Institution
Untitled - Smithsonian Institution
Untitled - Smithsonian Institution
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OLBRECHTs] THE SWIMMER MANUSCRIPT 73<br />
to Cherokee standards. The instrument used (i;'yo''no° "horn" when<br />
off the aninial; of. vtluGa', ''horn," when still attached) used to be<br />
made out of a buffalo horn: yansa' y^yo'-no'' it is still often called in<br />
the medicinal prescriptions. Nowadays a cow horn provides the raw<br />
material.<br />
The top and the base of the horn are cut off, leaving a slightly<br />
tapering tube about 4 centuneters long which is shaved off on the out-<br />
side and on the inside. The top opening, which is the narrower, is<br />
covered by the tightly stretched skin of a turkey's gizzard. The<br />
whole has the appearance of a small liqueur goblet. (PI. 7, g.)<br />
This contrivance is used very much as the cupping glass of the white<br />
physician is used, with this difference, that the oxygen-absorbing role<br />
of combustion being unknown, the air is eliminated by sucking. The<br />
horn is placed on the part of the body that is to be operated upon,<br />
and by setting it slightly at an angle, the medicine man manages to<br />
eliminate the air out of the cavity by sucking at the bottom of the<br />
horn. Although the cupping glass and the sucking horn have a very<br />
v/ide distribution, this is, as far as I am aware, a unique way of using<br />
this instrument.<br />
It often happened that at the end of the operation some small object,<br />
a small pebble, a worm, an insect, was found in the horn. This the<br />
medicine man claimed had been extracted from the body and was the<br />
disease agent. The horn was used especially in ailments where a<br />
swelling was noticeable, such as toothache, boils, etc. Nowadays it<br />
is seldom used. As a matter of fact there was not one specimen to<br />
be found while I stayed with the Cherokee, and I had to have one<br />
made by Del. (see p. 115; pi. 7, g), one of the few medicine men who<br />
still remembered their use and who knew how to make them.<br />
Whenever there is now any sucking to be done the horn is simply<br />
dispensed with, the medicine man merely applying his lips to the<br />
swelling.<br />
Prophylaxis<br />
Neither the utter neglect of hygienic precautions nor the total<br />
ignorance of measures to prevent and avert disease which we find<br />
prevailing in primitive communities should cause us any surprise.<br />
These conditions are to be explained by the proverbial lack of fore-<br />
sight which seems to be the appanage of all less civilized groups.<br />
The problem of the day is enough for the mind of these happy-golucky<br />
people, "Let us enjoy health while we have it, and if anything<br />
goes wrong there is the medicine man to look after it.<br />
It is explained also by the existence of a kind of prophylaxis which<br />
by ethnologists is not generally considered as such; it might be called<br />
a "mythological prophylaxis," viz, the careful observance of all in-<br />
junctions and restrictions governing tribal life. If a Cherokee does<br />
not expectorate into the fire, he consciously or unconsciously observes<br />
"