adsorption media for arsenic removal adsorption media for arsenic ...
adsorption media for arsenic removal adsorption media for arsenic ...
adsorption media for arsenic removal adsorption media for arsenic ...
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- adsorption
- arsenic
- removal
- epa.gov
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ADSORPTION MEDIA FOR ARSENIC<br />
REMOVAL<br />
Darren A. Lytle, Jeremy M. Payne, Thomas J. Sorg<br />
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency<br />
ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, TTEB,<br />
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268<br />
Lytle.darren@epa.gov
Objective<br />
• Introduce <strong>adsorption</strong> <strong>media</strong><br />
used <strong>for</strong> <strong>arsenic</strong> <strong>removal</strong><br />
• List properties of <strong>arsenic</strong><br />
<strong>adsorption</strong> <strong>media</strong>
• Aluminum<br />
History<br />
• Activated Alumina in use past 20-30 years<br />
• Fe minerals adsorb anions<br />
• Goethite, Hematite, Zero Valent Fe, etc.<br />
• First iron based materials <strong>for</strong> <strong>arsenic</strong><br />
<strong>removal</strong> emerged in the 1990’s<br />
• Materials are proprietary in nature<br />
• Key – Produce a robust yet af<strong>for</strong>dable<br />
material
Properties that Impact<br />
Arsenic Removal<br />
• Mineralogy<br />
•Surface Area<br />
• Zeta Potential (Point Zero Charge)<br />
•Crystal Size<br />
• Additives
Fundamental Materials<br />
• Alumina<br />
• Iron<br />
• Activated Alumina<br />
• Modified Alumina<br />
• Iron Minerals<br />
• Iron Coated Materials<br />
• TiO2 • Modified Zeolite -<br />
• Zirconium
Disclaimer<br />
• Mention of company or trade<br />
names does not imply U.S.EPA<br />
endorsement or the endorsement<br />
of the authors.<br />
• List is probably not complete
Product<br />
GFH<br />
SMI-III<br />
Iron and Iron Coated Media<br />
Bayoxide E33<br />
Media G2<br />
ARM 200<br />
Manufacturer<br />
GEH<br />
Wasserchemie<br />
GmbH and Co.<br />
(USFilter)<br />
Bayer (Severn<br />
Trent, AdEdge)<br />
ADI<br />
Engelhard<br />
SMI<br />
Material<br />
Fe(OH) 3 and<br />
FeOOH<br />
Akagenéite (β-<br />
FeOOH)<br />
90% α-FeOOH<br />
(Goethite)<br />
Ferric hydroxide<br />
coated diatomite<br />
Iron Based<br />
(Hematite, α-Fe2O3 )<br />
Sulfur modified<br />
iron
Granular Ferric Hydroxide<br />
• GEH Wasserchemie<br />
GmbH and Company<br />
(U.S. Filter)<br />
•Akagenéite(β-FeOOH)<br />
• Commercially available<br />
•NSF approved<br />
•Shipped wet<br />
100x<br />
(GFH)
•Bayer (Severn Trent,<br />
AdEdge)<br />
•Goethite (α-FeOOH)<br />
•Commercially available<br />
•NSF approved<br />
E33 Bayoxide
•ADI International<br />
•Ferric hydroxide coated<br />
calcined diatomite<br />
•Commercially available<br />
•NSF approved<br />
Media G2
•Engelhard Inc.<br />
•Hematite, α-Fe 2O 3<br />
•Commercially<br />
available<br />
•NSF approved<br />
ARM 200
Product<br />
AA-400G<br />
AA-FS50<br />
ARM-100<br />
CPN-AA<br />
Aqua-Bind EP<br />
Aqua-Bind MP<br />
Alumina Based Media<br />
Manufacturer<br />
Alcan<br />
Chemicals<br />
Engelhard Inc.<br />
Alcoa<br />
Apyron<br />
Technologies<br />
Apyron<br />
Technologies<br />
Material<br />
Activated Alumina<br />
Activated Alumina with<br />
proprietary additives<br />
Boehmite, γ-(AlOOH)<br />
Alumina with<br />
proprietary promoters<br />
Activated Alumina<br />
Activated Alumina<br />
Metal Oxide composite
•Alcan Chemicals<br />
•Activated alumina<br />
Boehmite, γ-AlO(OH)<br />
•Commercially available<br />
•NSF approved<br />
AAFS-50
Product<br />
MetSorb<br />
As:X np<br />
Z-33<br />
Isolux<br />
Other Media<br />
Manufacturer<br />
Hydroglobe<br />
McPhee Environmental<br />
Water Re<strong>media</strong>tion<br />
Technology<br />
Magnesium Elekton<br />
Material<br />
anatase (TiO 2 )<br />
Porous<br />
polystyrene<br />
with iron based<br />
adsorbents<br />
Modified<br />
Zeolite<br />
Zirconium<br />
Hydroxide
•Hydroglobe Inc.<br />
•Microporus TiO 2<br />
(Anatase)<br />
•Commercially<br />
available<br />
•NSF approved<br />
MetSorb
•Solometex (McPhee<br />
Environmental Supply)<br />
•Porous polystyrene<br />
beads with iron oxide<br />
additives<br />
•Commercially<br />
available<br />
•NSF approved<br />
As:X np
Mineralogy<br />
MetSorb – Anatase (TiO 2 )<br />
ARM 200 – Hematite (Fe 2 O 3 )<br />
E33 – Goethite (FeOOH)<br />
AAFS-50 – Boehmite (AlOOH)
Product<br />
GFH<br />
AAFS-50<br />
MetSorb G<br />
E33<br />
ARM 200<br />
Media G2<br />
Surface Area<br />
Material<br />
β-FeOOH<br />
(akagenéite)<br />
γ-AlOOH<br />
(boehmite)<br />
TiO 2 (Anatase)<br />
α-FeOOH<br />
(goethite)<br />
α-Fe 2 O 3<br />
(Hematite)<br />
Ferric hydroxide<br />
coated diatomite<br />
BET surface<br />
Area (M 2 /g)<br />
127 (290.2)<br />
200-250<br />
(240.4)<br />
(205.8)<br />
142 (140.2)<br />
(138.0)<br />
27 (14.2)<br />
Bulk Density<br />
(g/cm3 )<br />
1.25<br />
0.91<br />
0.75<br />
0.45<br />
0.76<br />
0.75
BET Surface Area (M 2 /g)<br />
350<br />
300<br />
250<br />
200<br />
150<br />
100<br />
50<br />
Surface Area<br />
Arsenic Removal Media Surface Area<br />
0<br />
AAFS-50<br />
ARM 200<br />
GFH<br />
Bayoxide E33<br />
ADI-G2<br />
MetSorb-G
Product<br />
GFH<br />
AAFS-50<br />
E33<br />
ARM 200<br />
Media G2<br />
Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)<br />
Anthracite<br />
Fine Silica Sand<br />
Material<br />
Size<br />
β-FeOOH (akagenéite)<br />
γ-AlOOH (boehmite)<br />
α-FeOOH (goethite)<br />
α-Fe 2O 3 (Hematite)<br />
Ferric hydroxide<br />
coated diatomite<br />
Effective or Mesh Size<br />
0.32 – 2mm<br />
28x48<br />
10x35<br />
40x80<br />
0.32 mm<br />
8x30, 12x40<br />
1.0 mm<br />
0.4 -0.55mm
Evaluation Criteria<br />
•Cost<br />
• Ability to reduce <strong>arsenic</strong><br />
• As(III) vs. As(V)<br />
• Bed Volumes be<strong>for</strong>e<br />
disposal/regeneration<br />
• Competitive <strong>adsorption</strong>
Evaluating Media<br />
• Literature review<br />
• Comparing other sites<br />
• Bench/Pilot tests
Conclusions<br />
• Wide variety of base materials<br />
available<br />
• Mineralogy, surface area, zeta<br />
potential differ<br />
• Link between properties and<br />
<strong>arsenic</strong> <strong>removal</strong> are unclear<br />
• Developing industry
Acknowledgments<br />
• Battelle Memorial Institute<br />
• Victoria Blackschleger<br />
• Rachel Copeland<br />
• Christy Frietch<br />
• Tim Hodapp<br />
• Jessica Lewis
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