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Around 1578 Galle published Goltzius's engraving
Allegory on the necessity of Prudence, which included images
of the four last things, compare Sellink 1991-92, pp. 152-
153. The subject was also included in four unnumbered
etchings on pp. 201-207 of the Institutiones Christianas
(1589) - an illustrated catechism based on works by the
Jesuit authors Petrus Canisius and Johannes Baptista
Romano and published as a joint venture by Philips Galle
and Christophe Plan tin in 1589 - and on the engravings
nos. 99-100 of the Veridicus Christianas (an illustrated
moral guidebook), written by the Jesuit Johannes David
and published joindy by Philips Galle and Jan Moretus in
1601 {compare fig. 135). For a detailed discussion of both
publications, also see below.
35. Cp. the remarks in Knipping 1939-40, vol. 2,
pp. 308-310. On Heemskerck's personal religious opin­
ions, see Veldman 1987a. The verses in the margins of the
Four last things, written by Hadrianus Junius, are of a rather
general and descriptive nature.
36. TIB. 56, p. 206, no. 54. The iconography is
studied in detail in Veldman 1991, pp. 275-276, where the
engraving is plausibly dated around 1569.The engraving
is signed "PHLS. GALLE. IN.VE" at bottom centre; the
verses around the engraving were composed by Hadrianus
Junius. Some authors add this engraving to the Four last
things after Heemskerck, cp. Casanovas 1963-66, vol 1, pp.
160-161, nos, 306-310 and Gonzalez de Zarate 1992, vol
5, pp. 129-130, nos. 40.1-40.5.This is not very plausible,
considering the completely different iconography and the
unusual fact that two designers (Galle and Heemskerck)
would have been involved in the production of one series.
37. Cp. Knipping 1939-40, vol. 1, pp. 148-150;
Kirschbauiri 1968-76, vol 2, p. 337 and vol, 3, pp, 311-
312.
38. The engraving is after a design by Maarten de
Vos; Hollstein, vol 44, p. 160, no. 716; Mai 1992, p. 574,
no. 160.2-There is a painted version of DeVos's design in
the Jacobskerk in Antwerp. Referring to the style and
technique of the painting, the date on the print and the
Jesuit iconography, Armin Zweite convincingly dates the
painting - which commonly was thought to have been
made before 1580 - as 'shortly after 1585'; Zweite 1980,
pp. 181-183, pp. 293-294, no. 70. On the history of the
Jesuit Order in the Netherlands, see Poncelet 1927-28.
Notes Chapter 4
189
39. Compare the chronological index of dated
Heemskerck prints in New Hollstein, Maarten van
Heemskerck, vol. 2, p. 271
40. Besides several individual engravings, Philips
Galle issued at least four series in 1569. The first was the
series of portraits of the counts of Holland and Zeeland;
compare chapters 1 and2.The other two were after designs
by Heemskerck: the comprehensive Disasters of the Jewish
people (22 plates) and the smaller Four last things (four
plates). Cp. New Hollstein, Maarten van Heemskerck, vol.
1. pp. 199-214, nos. 237-259 and vol. 2, pp. 137-140, nos.
449-452 respectively Ilja Veldman here also dates King
Josiah restores the law of the Lord (eight plates) in this year,
derived from the year that is mentioned on seven of the
preparatory drawings;ibid., vol. l,pp. 126-131,nos. 143-
150. The series was, however, probably not published in
the same year as the drawings were made; cp. note 15.
41. Galle s first recorded apprentice was a certain
Hendrick van Dort, mentioned in the records of the guild
of St. Luke of 1573;Van Lerius 1864-76, vol. 1, p. 252. It
is, however, reasonable to assume that the engraver over
the years had several assistants who were not officially
enlisted at the guild. In a letter of Abraham Ortels to
Johannes Crato, written in the fall of 1573, the Antwerp
geographer speaks of young assistants^) who did a lot of
engraving in the masters workshop; Ortels 1847, p. 94,
also see chapter 2, note 72,
42. Hollstein, vol. 8, p. 245, no. 365;TIB. 56, p. 56,
no. 15; New Hollstein, Maarten van Heemskerck, vol. 1,
p. 122, no. 138.
43. New Hollstein,Maarten van Heemskerck, vol.
2, pp. 29-35, nos. 321-328; Mauquoy-Hendrickx 1978-
83, vol. 2, pp. 233-235, nos. 1313-1320. Also compare
Veldman 1987a, pp. 205-207.
44. Galle s imprint can also be found on several
editions of series of Heemskerck prints engraved by other
artists before 1571/72. In these cases, however, it concerns
series originally published by Hieronymus Cock and reis­
sued by Galle at a much later date. On restrikes by Galle
from plates in the possession of Cocks widow, also see
chapter 1.There is only one early series incised by anoth­
er engraver which was possibly issued by Philips Galle in
Haarlem. This is the Four temperaments, dated 1566,
engraved by Herman Jans&. Muller and without any pub-