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pp. 383-384. On the problematic issue of Mereator s reli­
gious conviction, see De Nave 1994, pp. 17 and 51-56.
109. "Optime autem forent historic veteris et novi
testament!; figure illustrium virorum catholicorum (ut ita
dicam,nam Erasrnum jam hereticurn hie habent) turn pas-
sionis Christi, tum et poeseos cuiusque alias non scan-
dalosae,"; Lisbon, June 15, 1561. Quoted from Bataillon
1942, p. 146, also cp. Hessels 1887, pp. 22-23.
110. Not only the first 17 savants belong to the
clergy, but also several scholars in the other categories.
111. The notable exception is Joost Lips, who, after
bitter conflicts with the Protestant authorities in Leiden,
fled from Holland and took up a position in Lou vain.
112. Lafreri published his jurists in 1566 (cp. note
82), a series of popes in 1568 (cp. note 46) and a volume
of ancient heads from the collection of Fulvio Orsini in
1570 (see below). On the Roman print publisher Antonio
Lafreri - who was born in Orgelet in France and whose
name is also given as Antoine Lafrery - amazingly little
research has been done. The most important study is still
Ehrle 1908. Particularly valuable are the observations in
Landau 1994, especially pp. 302-308. A general introduc­
tion to Italian print publishers m the sixteenth and sev­
enteenth centuries can be found in Bellini 1975.
113. A survey of the incidental (woodcut or
engraved) portraits used in illustrated books before 1550
are given in Müntz 1901, pp. 250-257 and Rave 1959, pp.
121-127. A recent survey of the engraved portrait in the
sixteenth century - not distinguishing between different
traditions and genres and with conspicuously little atten­
tion paid to the role of publishers - can be found in Meier
1995.
114. Cp.Rave 1959,pp. 127-132 and Dwyer 1993,
p. 467.
115. On Hubert Goitziuss chiaroscuro prints,
combining etchings with tone blocks, see Biallcr 1992,
pp. 30-34, no. 2. Galle could have known this work
through his employer, the Antwerp publisher Hieronymus
Cock or through his Haarlem friend Maarten van
Heemskerck. The painter evidently owned the French
edition of Goltziuss book; cp.Velcknan 1977b, p. 111.
Notes Chapter 2
178
116. On Lafreri s volume of coins from the collec­
tion Fulvio Orsini, published in 1570, see Dwyer 1993,
p. 468. In 1573 Philips Galle first published his Deorum
deammque with images of ancient gods on antique coins,
all from the collection of his friend Abraham Ortels.These
were etched by the Doetecum brothers and Gerard
Groenning, including elaborate ornamental designs by
Hans Vredeman deVries and Groenning himself. Cp. the
description (with bibliography) of a much later edition of
this intriguing series in De Groot 1988, pp. 121-126, no.
178. Also see Bibliotheca Belgica, vol. 4, pp. 584-588;
Mielke 1967, pp. 44-47, no. XX and the forthcoming New
Hollstein volume on Gerard Groenning. Given this inter­
est, it is not surprising to see Galle's eldest son Theodoor
in 1598 publish - as the first major undertaking on his
own account - a lavishly illustrated volume of ancient
heads, engraved after Fulvio Orsini"s famous collection of
coins. See Orbaan 1911-17, vol. 1, p. 21 and 255-257,
Fabri 1967, Dwyer 1993 and the recent dissertation by
Manfred Katzlmcier-Frank (Katzlmcier-Frank 1993),
which is, however, rather incorrect in its information on
the output of the Galle workshop and in its biographical
details on Theodoor Galle.
117. Compare Rave 1959, pp. 133-141.
118. Rave 1959, pp. 139-140;Tanner 1984, p. 229,
no. 108a.
119. The series has only been found in the Royal
Library in Brussels so far. Its importance for the biogra­
phy of Philips Galle - the date, privilege and approbatio
definitely proving that Galle was still in Haarlem in 1569
- is also discussed more in general in chapter 1. Compare
Delen 1934-35, vol. 11/2, pp. 94-95; Delen mentions the
series briefly and believes it proves that Galle lived in
Antwerp in 1569. It is indeed interesting to note that Galle
on the first print mentions that the prints are also for sale
in Antwerp: "Men vindtse oock te coope Thantwerpen
op de men Borse by Geraert deJode" - one will also find
them for sale in Antwerp, at Gerard de Jode's on the new
Bourse. This not only proves Galle's early commercial
interests in the city on the Scheldt, but also makes clear
that Galle aimed at a wider market for such prints than
his home town Haarlem.
120. The earliest reference to this scries is proba­
bly the inscription underneath Galle's portrait of Janus
Dousa, engraved in 1568 and published in 1569.The first