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54. The use of a cache-tettre - or simply cache - in
printmaking was especially common in eighteenth-cen­
tury French printmaking; compare, for instance, Fuhrmg
1985, p. 185, n. 64. Although there is no literature on this
specific technical printing aid, the use of the cache-ktlre
might go back as far as the first half of the sixteenth cen­
tury. I thank Peter Fuhring for providing me with infor­
mation on the subject.
55. More information on the value of printing
presses in Antwerp in the sixteenth century can be found
inVoet 1969-72, vol. 2, pp. 132-142. In June 1571 Philips
Galle is mentioned for the first time in the joumaux of
the Plantin Press. No records have been found so far relat­
ing to the question whether Plantin did indeed print the
letterpress inscriptions of the Virorum doctorum effigies and
the Pontificutn maximorum effigies. There are, however, sev­
eral unspecified transactions between the two publishers
in the years 1571-72 that could account for this. It is inter­
esting to note that shortly after GaUe's 1572-edition,
Christophe Plantin himself published his first album of
portraits of scholars. In 1574 the Plantin Press issued tones
vetemm aliquot, ac recentiutn medicorum,phihsophorumque elo-
giolis mis editae, a collection of portraits of philosophers
and physicians, assembled and eulogized by the Hungarian
humanist Janos Zsamboky s (also known as Johannes
Sambucus). Several of the etched portraits by Pieter van
der Borcht were copied after engravings from Galle's
1567- and 1572-editions. Cp„ Zsamboky 1574, Zsamboky
1901 and Cockx-Indestege 1989, p. 130, no. 62. On his
turn Galle had already included Zsamboky's portrait in
his Virorum doctorum effigies of 1572; see appendix 2E,
no, 146.
56. Compare, for example,Voet 1969-72, vol. 2,
p. 205.
57. Judging by the existing copies of the Virorum
doctorum effigies (1372) Galle must have printed the 1572a-
and 1572b~versions in roughly equal numbers. Both ver­
sions are found bound together with later editions; cp.
appendix 2B„
58. The full text - here sirmmarized briefly - is
transcribed in appendix 2B.
59. On the portrait of Arias Montano see appen­
dix 2E, no. 7. On Junius compare note 33.
Notes Chapter 2
173
60. "...„ nunc, quod possum, fruar lis imaginibus,
quibus perfectus pictor et chalcographus, Philippus
Gallaeus vester, vos paene spiranteis expressit, et in librum
comecit. in quo non possum non facile desiderare Oberti
Gifanii effigiem, hominis valde docti, et cui
Lueretianorurn librorum studiosi plurimum debent.";
Sacre 1988-89, p. 118. On Van Giffen also see Heesakkers
1986.
61. Van Giffen s unfavourable reputation origi­
nates from accusations of the misuse of manuscripts in the
death-estate of the youngDutch humanist Lucas Fruterus,
who died in 1566. Especially Janus Dousa proved to be a
fierce, public opponent of Hubert van Giffen. Other
friends and acquaintances of Galle, like Hadrianus Junius
and Victor Ghyselinck, sided with Dousa from the very
beginning. Cp. Heesakkers 1976, pp. 116-122 and
Heesakkers 1993, pp. 21-28.
62. This interpretation of the title page is largely
based on Hansel 1991, pp. 92-93.
63. The fact that all these outspoken reformers are
lacking is, in my opinion, due to a deliberate choice by
Galle; also see below. However, one also has to keep in
mind that - even when religious censorship was sloppy -
the secular, Spanish authorities could (and would) cer­
tainly have taken measures against a publication overtly
praising such reformers. Politics and religion were never
separated during the so-called Dutch Revolt; compare
Groenveld 1986.
64. Cp.Voet's chapter on the Plantin house as a
humanist centre; Voet 1969-72, vol. 1, pp. 362-395. On
the portrait of Christophe Plantin see appendix 2E, no.
110.
65. Compare Sylvaine Hansel who in her analy­
sis of the Virorum doctomm effigies in vain searches for a
more complex structure; Hansel 1991, pp. 92-94.
66. Cp, Hansel 1991, p. 97. Unaware of the exis­
tence of Galle's earlier 1567-edition, Hansel seems to
somewhat overestimate Arias Montana's contribution to
the 1572-ediuon; ibid. pp. 95-96.There can, however, be
no doubt that Philips Galle must have made good use of
suggestions by the Spanish humanist who, like Plantin and
Ortels, had contacts with scholars all over Europe.