STYLE SHEET

Recordings
Dylan Thomas, Under Milk Wood, read by Anthony Hopkins and Jonathan Pryce (LPF
7667, 1992).
Films
The Grapes of Wrath, dir. by John Ford (20 th Century Fox, 1940).
Videogames
Please refer to the following, free downloadable guide:
http://www.gamestyleguide.com/VideoGameStyleGuideeBook.pdf
Subsequent references from the same text
You have two choices here.
1. You can use a shortened form of the reference in your endnote or footnote (see 11.3
of the MHRA Style Guide for acceptable forms here).
2. In the case of a text you need to cite very frequently (mostly your primary texts), you
can add the following sentence to the footnote giving the first reference: All other
references to this text will be given parenthetically. Thereafter you simply give the page
number in brackets after quotations from it in your own text. This saves a lot of
unnecessary foot/endnotes, but you need to make clear which text you are referring to.
For example:
As Greaney elaborates, ‗...‘ (76).
We see this in For Whom the Bell Tolls when ‗...‘ (36-8).
If there is more than one item by the same author in your Bibliography, you should
include the publication date or the first significant word from the title in the parentheses.
For example:
Foucault argues, however, that ‗...‘ (1969: 91) or (Archaeology 91).
Setting out quotations in your essay
The key principle here is that short and long quotations are handled differently. A
short quotation (not more than about forty words of prose or two complete lines of
poetry) is incorporated into your own text in single quotation marks. A long
quotation (more than forty words of prose or two lines of poetry) is indented in your
text as a separate paragraph without quotation marks. Please note that the MHRA
Style Guide is somewhat ambiguous here (on p.36) but we do want long quotations
(verse or prose) indented. An indented quotation is usually preceded by either no
punctuation; a comma; or a colon: Think about what makes grammatical sense in
relation to the sentence or part sentence that precedes the quotation.
For full details of how to present quotations in your work, see section 8 on Quotations
and Quotation Marks in the MHRA Style Guide.
Bibliographies
A Bibliography is the list of the texts (including books, internet materials, videos, films,
illustrations, etc) that have been used or consulted in the writing of a scholarly work; it
is listed after the notes at the end of the work. You should always include a
Bibliography for your essays and dissertation.