Catalytic Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable ...

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Chapter 1 Covalent modification was another effective way to prepare stable detective component. Conducting copolymers containing covalently substituted monomers have been considered as an effective way to immobilize biomolecules. For example, copolymers of PPy and oligonucleotides bearing a pyrrole group have been reported for DNA sensors. 153, 154 An easier method is to prepare copolymers bearing functional groups such as amine or carboxylic acid groups, which can further react with biomolecules. Minett et al. designed an immunosensors for detecting Listeria monocytogenes by covalently binding the Listeria monoclonal antibody to a copolymer of carboxylic acid-functionalized PPy and regular PPy. 155, 156 In another example, N-Hydroxysuccinimide was introduced as a pendent group of the PT or PPy (Figure 1.5.15). 152, 157-159 This activated ester group can easily react with amines in proteins and other biomolecules under mild conditions to prepare detection materials. Figure 1.5.15 Immobilization of DNA on PPy derivatives with N-hydroxysuccinimide groups. 158 Another conjugation method is the postpolymerization modification of CPs. For example, poly(acrylic acid) was grafted onto the unmodified PPy substrates by a photo-grafting method. The bonded carboxylic groups can be used for the subsequent immobilization of glucose oxidase. This method only altered the surface property of the substrate and did not change its bulk, which will not affect the conductivities of materials. 160 Molecular imprinting technique is a novel method to precisely recognize molecules. A recent report provided a new approach for a biosensor. 161 The authors added caffeine during the electropolymerizing of PPy and subsequently the caffeine molecules were removed to ‐ 34 ‐
- 35 - Polymerization and Applications of Biodegradable Polyesters form their imprints, which are unique three-dimensional sites only selectively recognizing caffeine. Another novel biosensor technique is an indirect way. Le Floch et al. coated the aptamers covalently immobilized gold electrodes with ferrocene-modified PT. In this study, the bioactive aptamer is not immobilized directly to the CP; however, the CP still can act as an electrical transducer. 162 1.5.3 Other Applications In addition to the tissue engineering, biosensors and probes, the electroactive polymers also have biological applications in other fields, such as drug delivery carrier, actuators, and antioxidants. The eleectroactive polymers exhibited a reversible redox property, which triggers adsorption or expulsion of ions leading to the volume change of materials. 163 Most of their applications in drug delivery and actuator are based on this electricity-responsive property. When they were used as drug delivery carriers, the incorporated biologically active proteins and drugs such as NGF, 128 dexamethasone, 98, 164 and heparin 165 can be controlled release through electrical stimulation. For example, Hodgson et al. reported an approach to entrap and electrically controlled release bovine serum albumin (BSA) and NGF from PPy doped with polyelectrolytes (e.g., dextran sulfate). 128 Figure. 1.5.16 (A) Postpolymerization of PPy to incorporate aldehyde groups. (B) Covalent immobilization of PVA hydrogels containing heparin on PPy substrates. 165
Page 1 and 2: Catalytic Synthesis and Characteriz
Page 3 and 4: Preface Biodegradable polyesters ha
Page 5 and 6: Chapter 3 Polymerization of Lactic
Page 7 and 8: Chapter 1 Polymerization and Applic
Page 9 and 10: - 3 - Polymerization and Applicatio
Page 13 and 14: 1.2.2 Aluminum Catalysts - 7 - Poly
Page 17 and 18: 1.3 Polylactide 1.3.1 Introduction
Page 19 and 20: - 13 - Polymerization and Applicati
Page 21 and 22: 1.3.4 Application of PLA Figure 1.3
Page 27 and 28: 1.5.1.4 Polyaniline (PANi) - 21 - P
Page 39: - 33 - Polymerization and Applicati
Page 47 and 48: 1.6.1 Radical Polymers for Organic
Page 51 and 52: initialization of the device by app
Page 55 and 56: 1.6.2.4 Others - 49 - Polymerizatio
Page 63 and 64: 182. R. B. Weller, J. Invest. Derma
Page 65 and 66: Chapter 2 Synthesis and Electrochem
Page 67 and 68: Synthesis and Electrochemistry of S
Page 79: Synthesis and Electrochemistry of S
Page 84 and 85: Chapter 3 3.1 Introduction Poly(lac
Page 86 and 87: Chapter 3 polydispersity index (PDI
Page 88 and 89: Chapter 3 aluminum based complexes
Page 90 and 91:
Chapter 3 3.5 Conclusions Co(III) c
Page 92 and 93:
Chapter 3 22. Z. H. Tang, X. S. Che
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Chapter 4 4.1 Introduction Stimulus
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Chapter 4 the proton of methenyl gr
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Chapter 4 attributed to the amide g
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Chapter 4 4.4 Thermal Properties Th
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Chapter 4 Figure 4.8 MTT assay for
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Chapter 4 The 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR
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Chapter 4 Cell viability (%) = (Asa
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Chapter 5 Synthesis of Triblock Cop
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5.2 Synthesis of Triblock Copolymer
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Sample Table 1. Feed and result com
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= 25 μm. B: MTT assay for the cyto
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‐ 109 ‐ Synthesis of Triblock C
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‐ 111 ‐ Synthesis of Triblock C
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Chapter 6 6.1 Introduction Since th
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Chapter 6 6.3 Synthesis of MPEG-b-P
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Chapter 6 used to characterize the
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Chapter 6 Figure 6.6 Cyclic voltamm
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Chapter 6 vivo cytotoxicity was als
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Chapter 6 NMR. Characterization of
Page 136 and 137:
Chapter 6 CO2 for 24 h. RSC96 cells
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Chapter 7 Conclusion and Future Pro
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‐ 131 ‐ Conclusion and Future P
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‐ 133 ‐ Conclusion and Future P
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13. Xuan Pang, Xuesi Chen, Xiuli Zh
Page 149:
Acknowledgments The present thesis
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