Catalytic Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable ...

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Chapter 1 characterized by subcutaneous implantation into rats for 14 and 29 days using FDA-approved PLGA as a control (Figure 1.5.14C). The results showed that inflammation around electroactive polymer is mild and similar to that seen with PLGA at 29 days. Thus, there appears to be no detectable toxic effect of the base material or its degraded products in vivo. Figure 1.5.14 (A) Chemical structures of biocompatible electroactive polymer. (B) Human neuroblastoma cells cultured in vitro on electroactive polymer films after 1 day (left) and s 8 days (right). Both images are at the same magnification. Scale bar = 100 μm. (C) Histological tissue sections (stained with hematoxylin and eosin) of Electroactive polymer (left) and PLGA (right) demonstrated comparably low inflammatory responses at 29 days. Both images are at the same magnification. Scale bar = 50 μm. 96 1.5.2.2 Biosensor Applications Most of the electroactive polymers used for biosensors are conjugated polymers (CPs), which can couple analyte receptor interactions, as well as nonspecific interactions, into ‐ 32 ‐
- 33 - Polymerization and Applications of Biodegradable Polyesters observable responses. A key advantage of CP-based sensors is the potential of the CP to exhibit collective properties that are sensitive to very minor chemical or physical changes. The most important aspect of biosensor is how to combine the electrical component (i.e., CP) with the biological recognition components. An effective and widely used approach was to immobilize bioactive molecules in or on CPs. 141-143 Physical adsorption is the simplest way to introduce bioactive molecules on CPs for biosensors. For example, glucose oxidase was directly adsorbed onto PPy for a biosensor which can detect glucose from concentrations of 2.5 to 30 mM using dimethylferrocene as an electron transfer mediator. 144 However, this method is not reliable because the amount of the absorbed compound is not repeatable and this immobilization is not stable. 145 An alternative way is to entrap the biomolecule into the polymers substrate. For example, poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) exhibited a 5% shrinkage in thickness when it is rinsed with ethanol, which can be utilized to incorporate horseradish peroxidase. 146 Besides enzymes, this method has also been used for immobilization of antibodies and DNA. 147-149 Just like the absorption method, this approach also has some limitations such as denature of the proteins and the low accessibility of analytes to the sensing element. Moreover, entrapment methods need a high concentration of the biomolecule (~0.2-3.5 mg/mL), which is not suitable for industry application due to the higher cost. Compared to entrapment and absorption, affinity binding seemed to be more stable bonding techniques. The avidin-biotin complex was the most studied affinity binding pair due to the extremely specific and high-affinity interactions between biotin and the glycoprotein avidin (Ka = 1 × 10 15 mol -1 L). 150 This method requires the synthesis of biotinylated CPs firstly. For example, the pyrrole monomers was copolymerized with biotinylated hydrophilic pyrrole monomers with different PEG lengths as spacer arms to create the bonding site. 151 And the amount of anchored avidin can be tuned by the biotin density or the length of the PEG spacer in the copolymer. There are also other affinity binding complexes that have been studied for the immobilization of DNA onto CP surfaces. For example, a unique intercalator (i.e., a molecule that inserts itself into double-stranded DNA)-based immobilization technique has been developed. 152 Target DNA strands are detected when they form DNA duplexes with labeled DNA probes and are subsequently immobilized by the affinity binding of the intercalator, which is covalently bound to PPy. And more importantly, the detection limits can lower to 1 pg/mL.
Page 1 and 2: Catalytic Synthesis and Characteriz
Page 3 and 4: Preface Biodegradable polyesters ha
Page 5 and 6: Chapter 3 Polymerization of Lactic
Page 7 and 8: Chapter 1 Polymerization and Applic
Page 9 and 10: - 3 - Polymerization and Applicatio
Page 13 and 14: 1.2.2 Aluminum Catalysts - 7 - Poly
Page 17 and 18: 1.3 Polylactide 1.3.1 Introduction
Page 19 and 20: - 13 - Polymerization and Applicati
Page 21 and 22: 1.3.4 Application of PLA Figure 1.3
Page 27 and 28: 1.5.1.4 Polyaniline (PANi) - 21 - P
Page 37: - 31 - Polymerization and Applicati
Page 47 and 48: 1.6.1 Radical Polymers for Organic
Page 51 and 52: initialization of the device by app
Page 55 and 56: 1.6.2.4 Others - 49 - Polymerizatio
Page 63 and 64: 182. R. B. Weller, J. Invest. Derma
Page 65 and 66: Chapter 2 Synthesis and Electrochem
Page 67 and 68: Synthesis and Electrochemistry of S
Page 79: Synthesis and Electrochemistry of S
Page 84 and 85: Chapter 3 3.1 Introduction Poly(lac
Page 86 and 87: Chapter 3 polydispersity index (PDI
Page 88 and 89:
Chapter 3 aluminum based complexes
Page 90 and 91:
Chapter 3 3.5 Conclusions Co(III) c
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Chapter 3 22. Z. H. Tang, X. S. Che
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Chapter 4 4.1 Introduction Stimulus
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Chapter 4 the proton of methenyl gr
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Chapter 4 attributed to the amide g
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Chapter 4 4.4 Thermal Properties Th
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Chapter 4 Figure 4.8 MTT assay for
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Chapter 4 The 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR
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Chapter 4 Cell viability (%) = (Asa
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Chapter 5 Synthesis of Triblock Cop
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5.2 Synthesis of Triblock Copolymer
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Sample Table 1. Feed and result com
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= 25 μm. B: MTT assay for the cyto
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‐ 109 ‐ Synthesis of Triblock C
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‐ 111 ‐ Synthesis of Triblock C
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Chapter 6 6.1 Introduction Since th
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Chapter 6 6.3 Synthesis of MPEG-b-P
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Chapter 6 used to characterize the
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Chapter 6 Figure 6.6 Cyclic voltamm
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Chapter 6 vivo cytotoxicity was als
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Chapter 6 NMR. Characterization of
Page 136 and 137:
Chapter 6 CO2 for 24 h. RSC96 cells
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Chapter 7 Conclusion and Future Pro
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‐ 131 ‐ Conclusion and Future P
Page 145 and 146:
‐ 133 ‐ Conclusion and Future P
Page 147 and 148:
13. Xuan Pang, Xuesi Chen, Xiuli Zh
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Acknowledgments The present thesis
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