Catalytic Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable ...

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Chapter 4 Cell viability (%) = (Asample / Acontrol) × 100 (1) where Asample was the absorbance of the polymers extracted solutions treated cells and Acontrol was the absorbance of the untreated cells. Each experiment was done in triplicate and repeated a minimum of three times. Cell Adhesion and Spreading RSC96 cells (rat Schwann cell) were used to investigate the cell adhesion and viability of the several materials. The cells were cultured in cell culture flasks with DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum in a humidified incubator at 37 and 5% CO2. The PLA, PTAm-g-PLA2 and PTAm were dissolved in CHCl3 (10 mg/ml), and the solution was cast onto glass slides. The coated slides were treated under vacuum for 48 h to remove the trace of CHCl3, followed by sterilizing by ultraviolet radiation for 2 h. Approximately, 30,000 RSC96 cells were seeded on the cover-slip coated with PLA, PTAm-g-PLA, PTAm and allowed to grow for 48 hours at 37 o C/5% CO2. RSC96 cells were routinely grown in DMEM medium containing 10% FBS and antibiotics (100 U/mL penicillin, 100 μg/mL streptomycin). Subsequently, the cells were fixed in 3% paraformaldehyde in PBS pH 7.4 for 15 min at room temperature, and washed twice with ice cold PBS. In order to improve the penetration of the antibody, cells were incubated for 10 min with PBS containing 0.25% Triton X-100. Cells were incubated with 1% BSA in PBST for 30 min to block unspecific binding of the antibodies. Cells were incubated in the diluted F-actin antibody (Abcam) in 1% BSA in PBST in a humidified chamber for 1 hour at room temperature. The solution was decanted and the cells were washed three times in PBS, 5 min each time. Cells were incubated with the goat polyclonal to Rabbit IgG conjugated with Rhodamine secondary antibody (Abcam) in 1% BSA for 1 hour at room temperature in dark. The secondary antibody solution was decanted and washed three times with PBS for 5 min each in dark. Cells were incubated on 1 μg/ml DAPI (Sigma) for 2 min and rinsed with PBS. The cells were observed with a Nikon Eclipse TE2000-U fluorescence microscope equipped with a DXM1200F digital camera. References 1. E. S. Gil, S. A. Hudson, Prog. Polym. Sci. 2004, 29, 1173. 2. E. G. Fine, R. F. Valentini, R. Bellamkonda, P. Aebischer, Biomaterials 1991, 12, 775. ‐ 98 ‐
3. I. Giaever, C. R. Keese, Pro. Natl. Acad. Sci-Biol. 1984, 81, 3761. ‐ 99 ‐ Synthesis of Lactide‐Grafted Poly(TEMPO‐acrylamide) and its Electrochemical Property and Biocompatibility 4. J. Y. Wong, R. Langer, D. E. Ingber, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 1994, 91, 3201. 5. H. K. Song, B. Toste, K. Ahmann, D. Hoffman-Kim, G. T. R. Palmore, Biomaterials 2006, 27, 473. 6. M. Y. Li, Y. Guo, Y. Wei, A. G. MacDiarmid, P. I. Lelkes, Biomaterials 2006, 27, 2705. 7. L. H. Huang, X. L. Zhuang, J. Hu, L. Lang, P. B. Zhang, Y. S. Wang, X. S. Chen, Y. Wei, X. B. Jing, Biomacromolecules 2008, 9, 850. 8. M. Waugaman, B. Sannigrahi, P. McGeady, I. M. Khan, Eur. Polym. J. 2003, 39, 1405. 9. M. Tanaka, S. Imai, T. Tanii, Y. Numao, N. Shimamoto, I. Ohdomari, H. Nishide, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2007, 45, 521. 10. H. Oka, H. Kouno, H. Tanaka, J. Mater. Chem. 2007, 17, 1209. 11. K. Nakahara, S. Iwasa, M. Satoh, Y. Morioka, J. Iriyama, M. Suguro, E. Hasegawa, Chem. Phys. Lett. 2002, 359, 351. 12. H. Nishide, K. Oyaizu, Science 2008, 319, 737. 13. M. D. Lang, C. C. Chu, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2001, 39, 4214. 14. L. Li, C. C. Chu, J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed. 2009, 20, 341. 15. H. Nishide, S. Iwasa, Y. J. Pu, T. Suga, K. Nakahara, M. Satoh, Electrochim. Acta 2004, 50, 827. 16. J. K. Kim, G. Cheruvally, J. W. Choi, J. H. Ahn, S. H. Lee, D. S. Choi, C. E. Song, Solid State Ionics 2007, 178, 1546. 17. R. Bhardwaj, A. K. Mohanty, J. Biobased Mater. Bio. 2007, 1, 191. 18. A. Duda, S. Penczek, Polimery 2003, 48, 16. 19. R. Jain, N. H. Shah, A. W. Malick, C. T. Rhodes, Drug. Dev. Ind. Pharm. 1998, 24, 703. 20. K. Koshika, Waseda University, 2009, PhD. Thesis. 21. T. Endo, K. Takuma, T. Takata, C. Hirose, Macromolecules 1993, 26, 3227. 22. T. Kurosaki, K. Wanlee, M. Okawara, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 1972, 10, 3295. 23. M. W. Matsen, F. S. Bates, Macromolecules 1996, 29, 1091.
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Catalytic Synthesis and Characteriz
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Preface Biodegradable polyesters ha
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Chapter 3 Polymerization of Lactic
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Chapter 1 Polymerization and Applic
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- 3 - Polymerization and Applicatio
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1.2.2 Aluminum Catalysts - 7 - Poly
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1.3 Polylactide 1.3.1 Introduction
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- 13 - Polymerization and Applicati
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1.3.4 Application of PLA Figure 1.3
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1.5.1.4 Polyaniline (PANi) - 21 - P
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1.6.1 Radical Polymers for Organic
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initialization of the device by app
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Page 55 and 56: 1.6.2.4 Others - 49 - Polymerizatio
Page 57 and 58: - 51 - Polymerization and Applicati
Page 63 and 64: 182. R. B. Weller, J. Invest. Derma
Page 65 and 66: Chapter 2 Synthesis and Electrochem
Page 67 and 68: Synthesis and Electrochemistry of S
Page 79: Synthesis and Electrochemistry of S
Page 84 and 85: Chapter 3 3.1 Introduction Poly(lac
Page 86 and 87: Chapter 3 polydispersity index (PDI
Page 88 and 89: Chapter 3 aluminum based complexes
Page 90 and 91: Chapter 3 3.5 Conclusions Co(III) c
Page 92 and 93: Chapter 3 22. Z. H. Tang, X. S. Che
Page 94 and 95: Chapter 4 4.1 Introduction Stimulus
Page 96 and 97: Chapter 4 the proton of methenyl gr
Page 98 and 99: Chapter 4 attributed to the amide g
Page 100 and 101: Chapter 4 4.4 Thermal Properties Th
Page 102 and 103: Chapter 4 Figure 4.8 MTT assay for
Page 104 and 105: Chapter 4 The 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR
Page 109 and 110: Chapter 5 Synthesis of Triblock Cop
Page 111 and 112: 5.2 Synthesis of Triblock Copolymer
Page 113 and 114: Sample Table 1. Feed and result com
Page 115 and 116: = 25 μm. B: MTT assay for the cyto
Page 117 and 118: ‐ 109 ‐ Synthesis of Triblock C
Page 119: ‐ 111 ‐ Synthesis of Triblock C
Page 124 and 125: Chapter 6 6.1 Introduction Since th
Page 126 and 127: Chapter 6 6.3 Synthesis of MPEG-b-P
Page 128 and 129: Chapter 6 used to characterize the
Page 130 and 131: Chapter 6 Figure 6.6 Cyclic voltamm
Page 132 and 133: Chapter 6 vivo cytotoxicity was als
Page 134 and 135: Chapter 6 NMR. Characterization of
Page 136 and 137: Chapter 6 CO2 for 24 h. RSC96 cells
Page 141 and 142: Chapter 7 Conclusion and Future Pro
Page 143 and 144: ‐ 131 ‐ Conclusion and Future P
Page 145 and 146: ‐ 133 ‐ Conclusion and Future P
Page 147 and 148: 13. Xuan Pang, Xuesi Chen, Xiuli Zh
Page 149: Acknowledgments The present thesis
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