Master Thesis - Department of Computer Science
Master Thesis - Department of Computer Science
Master Thesis - Department of Computer Science
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Appendix A<br />
Fingerprint Recognition System<br />
Fingerprint is an important biometric signature to identify an individual. Fingerprint<br />
impression is time invariant after adolescence, unless the finger is damaged or bruised<br />
due to accidents or injuries. So, it finds wide applications for all type <strong>of</strong> secured<br />
access, including entry to buildings, missile launch control, nuclear reactor, bank<br />
vaults, confidential files and most recently, for e-Commerce accesses, such as, ATM<br />
counters, web-enabled transactions etc.<br />
A fingerprint is formed from an impression <strong>of</strong> the pattern <strong>of</strong> ridges on a finger.<br />
A ridge is defined as a single curved segment, and a valley is the region between two<br />
adjacent ridges. The minutiae, which are the local discontinuities in the ridge flow<br />
pattern, provide the features that are used for identification. Details such as the type,<br />
orientation, and location <strong>of</strong> minutiae are taken into account when performing minutiae<br />
extraction. The different stages <strong>of</strong> pre-processing for recognition <strong>of</strong> fingerprints are:<br />
1. Image Enhancement<br />
(a) Normalization<br />
(b) Orientation Image Estimation<br />
(c) Frequency Image Estimation<br />
(d) Filtering<br />
2. Image Segmentation<br />
3. Binarization<br />
4. Thinning<br />
5. Minutiae Extraction<br />
6. Minutiae Matching